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Students can Download Commerce Chapter 14 Transportation Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 14 Transportation

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Transportation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Transport removes the hindrance of ………………
(a) Time
(b) Place
(c) Person
(d) knowledge
Answer:
(b) Place

Question 2.
Air consignment note is prepared in ……………… forms.
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Answer:
(c) Three

Question 3.
……………… is a document acknowledging the receipt of goods by a carrier.
(a) Waybill
(b) Consignment note
(c) Charter
(d) Bill of lading
Answer:
(d) Bill of lading

Question 4.
Which is the fastest means of transport?
(a) Rail
(b) Road
(c) Sea
(d) Air
Answer:
(d) Air

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Define transport.
Answer:
According to K.K. Saxena, ’’the transport system acts with reference to the area it serves in the same way as a candle does in a dark room”.

Question 2.
State any two services rendered by transport.
Answer:

1. It increases the efficiency of production.
2. It stimulates wants by increasing the quantity and variety of consumer goods.

Question 3.
Write any two advantages of water transport.
Answer:

1. Water transport is considered the cheapest mode of transport among the other modes of transport.
2. It is most suitable for heavy loads.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is a bill of lading?
Bill of Lading is a document containing the terms and conditions of the contract of carriage. It is issued by the shipping company and signed by the captain of the ship. It acknowledges the receipt of the goods described in it on board the ship. It also serves as n official receipt of goods. It is a document of title of goods.

Question 2.
What is the charter party?
Answer:
When goods are to be consigned in large quantity, .it is advantageous to hire the whole or substantial part of the ship. The document through which this contract is made is known as ‘Charter Party’ may also be known as ‘Voyage Charter’ or ‘Time Charter’. The person who hires the ship is known as ‘Charter’.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain different types of transport.
Answer:
Transport systems can be classified in different ways. They are as follows:
Surface Transport:
Transport of people and goods by land vehicles is known as surface transport. It is also called as ‘Land Transport’. It can be done through the following ways:

• Pack Animals
• Motor Lorries and Buses
• Bullock carts
• Tramways
• Road Transport
• Railway Transport

Water Transport:
Water transport is the process of moving people, goods etc. by barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a sea, ocean, lake, canal, river, etc. Due to the considerable improvement in the construction, design motive power, speed, and safety of ships and boats, water transport has taken remarkable advancement. Water Transport can be further divided into two:

• Inland Waterways
• Ocean Waterways

Air Transport:
The fastest and the costliest mode of transport is air transport. The modem air transport has its growth with the invention of the airplane by the Wright Brothers. It is a form of travel in vehicles such as helicopters, hot air balloons, blimps, gliders etc.

Question 2.
Discuss the advantages of transport.
Answer:
(a) Advantages of railway transport:

• Railways are well suited for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances.
• It can provide long-distance travel throughout the day and night with unbroken services.

(b) Advantages of inland waterways:

• It is considered the cheapest mode of transport among the other modes of transport.
• It is most suitable for heavy loads.

(c) Advantages of air transport:

• It provides a regular, convenient, efficient, and quick service.
• Perishable goods like fruits, vegetables, eggs, meat, etc., can be transported quickly.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Transportation Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Which one is not land transport?
(a) Pack animals
(b) Bullock cart
(c) Tramways
(d) Liner
Answer:
(d) Liner

Question 2.
Which one is not relevant?
Answer:
(a) Charter party
(b) Voyage charter
(c) Time charter
(d) Rail
Answer:
(d) Rail

Question 3.
Who is the inventor of the steam engine?
(a) James Watt
(b) Haney
(c) Wheeler
(d) Thomas
Answer:
(a) James Watt

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Write any two disadvantages of air transport.
Answer:

1. It is a very costly mode of transport. The rates and fares charged by which is beyond the reach of common people.
2. Aircraft are not quite suitable for carrying heavy loads and weights.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by a common carrier?
Answer:
A common carrier is a person who is engaged in the business of carrying goods for hire indiscriminately for all persons. There are organizations transporting goods on designated routes according to a fixed regular schedule, offering to transport goods for hire for all people without discrimination.

For Future Learning

Question a.
Geographical separation between producer and consumer – Comment.
Answer:
Trade and transport connect the producer and customer.

Question b.
Importing Crude oil from foreign countries to Petroleum refineries – transporting through Truck tankers or Pipelines – Suggest with reason.
Answer:
Pipelines are suggested because of lesser cost

Students can Download Commerce Chapter 13 Warehousing Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 13 Warehousing

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Warehousing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Warehouses removes the hindrance of ………………
(a) Person
(b) Time
(c) Risk
(d) Knowledge
Answer:
(b) Time

Question 2.
A warehouse holds goods as a ……………… center.
(a) Marketing
(b) Sorting
(c) Distribution
(d) Selling
Answer:
(c) Distribution

Question 3.
……………… can be given as a collateral security for getting financial assistance from bank.
(a) Dock warrant
(b) Warehouse receipt
(c) Dock receipt
(d) Warehouse warrant
Answer:
(d) Warehouse warrant

Question 4.
……………… warehouses are licensed by the government and are permitted to accept the goods on bond.
(a) Bonded
(b) Cold Storage
(c) Public
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 5.
……………… warehouses are used for storing perishable goods like fruits, vegetables etc.
(a) Bonded
(b) Private
(c) Cold storage
(d) Co – operative
Answer:
(c) Cold storage

Question 6.
The document which authorizes to deliver the goods either in part or full is called ………………
(a) Warehouse warrant
(b) Dock receipt
(c) Dock warrant
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Dock warrant

Question 7.
The Institutional warehouse started with the support of the government is ………………
(a) Bonded warehouse
(b) Public warehouse
(c) Food Corporation of India
(d) Custom bonded
Answer:
(c) Food Corporation of India

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is Warehouse?
Answer:
It means a storage place or godown which is located near a factory to keep the raw materials and finished products’.

Question 2.
List the various types of Warehouses.
Answer:

1. On the Basis of Ownership – Private, Public
2. On the Basis of Commodities stored – General

Question 3.
Give any three functions of Warehouses.
Answer:

1. Storage: The surplus goods are stored properly for the purpose of supplying them at the right place and at the right time.
2. Price Stabilization: Warehousing ensures price stabilization by supplying goods as and when demanded.
3. Equalization of Demand and Supply: Warehousing equalizes the demand and supply of goods by storing the goods when they are not demanded and releasing them when they are demanded.

Question 4.
Tabulate the three differences between warehouse warrant and warehouse receipt.
Answer:
Warehouse Warrant:

• It is a document of title of goods.
• It is not only an acknowledgment for the receipt of goods but also gives an authority to get delivery of goods by the owner or by the third party.
• It can be negotiated or transferred to others.

Warehouse Receipt:

• It is not a document of title of goods.
• It is only an acknowledgment for the receipt of goods.
• It cannot be transferred to others.

Question 5.
Give a note on FCI.
Answer:
Food Corporation of India also hires storage capacity from other sources such as Central Warehousing Corporation, Stale Warehousing Corporation, and private parties. FCI was set-up under the food corporation act 1964.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate the warehouse warrant from the warehouse receipt.
Answer:
Warehouse Warrant:

• It is a document of title of goods.
• It is not only an acknowledgment for the receipt of goods but also gives an authority to get delivery of goods by the owner or by a third party.
• It can be negotiated or transferred to others.

Warehouse Receipt:

• It is not a document of title of goods.
• It is only an acknowledgment for the receipt of goods.
• It cannot be transferred to others.

Question 2.
Comment on cold storage warehouse.
Answer:
Goods are transferred in refrigerated containers and stored in a refrigerated warehouses. These warehouses are used for storing perishable goods like fruits, vegetables, eggs, butter, fish, meat, etc. Goods stored in cold storage without deterioration in quality can be made available throughout the year.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain the different types of warehouses A. On the Basis of Ownership
Answer:
Warehouses can be classified as follows:
A. On the Basis of Ownership
1. Private Warehouses:
Private warehouses are built and owned by private business enterprises in order to store the products produced by them. They are exclusively for their use and are not meant for other manufacturing or business units.

2. Government Warehouses:
They are created and operated by the Government to implement the programmes of the Government. Their sendees are mostly available to the government only.

3. Public Warehouse:
It is open to the public at large. Most business organisations, especially small and medium scale units cannot afford to have their own warehouses. They may be owned by an individual or some agency. These warehouses operate as per the rules and regulations formed by the Government.

4. Co-operative Warehouses:
There are warehouses owned and managed by the marketing co-operative societies or agricultural co-operative societies. They are set up to provide warehousing facilities to their members. For example, National Co-operative Development Corporation (NCDC).

5. Bonded Warehouses:
Bonded warehouses are those warehouses, which are licensed by the government to accept the storage of imported goods which are not cleared due to non-payment of customs duty by the importer. Branding can be undertaken in the warehouse itself. Bank loans can be obtained by submitting the receipt issued by these warehouses as collateral security. Strict supervision and control is imposed by customs authorities on their operation and functioning

6.Institutional Warehouses:
Different institutions and bodies have their own warehouses on account of the nature of their operations. For example, Banks, Railways, etc, have their own warehouses for conducting their activities. Various transport agencies also maintain warehouses for storing the goods which are to be despatched and received.

7.Distribution Center Warehouses:
Goods that need to be temporarily stored for one or two days so that they can be distributed to other offices or customers are stored in Distribution Centers. They are owned by the manufacturer or wholesalers.

B. On the Basis of Commodities Stored:

1. General Warehouses:
They are ordinary warehouses which are useful for storing most of the dry food grains, fertilizers, etc. Protective measures against rat, insects, etc. are undertaken by them.

2. Special Commodity Warehouses:
These warehouses are specially constructed for storing a specific type of commodities like tobacco, cotton, wool, etc. These warehouses reduce the loss of quality and quantity to a great extent. Storage of petrol and oil requires a special type of vertical, cylindrical storage tanks.

3.Cold Storages or Refrigerated Warehouses:
Goods are transported in refrigerated containers and stored in refrigerated warehouses. These warehouses are used for storing perishable goods like fruits, vegetables, eggs, butter, fish, meat, etc. Goods stored in cold storage without deterioration in quality can be made available throughout the year.

4. Climate Controlled Warehouses:
The controlled climate environment can reduce the rate of metabolism in fruits and vegetables. Humidity controlled environments for delicate products such as flowers in dirt-free facilities in these warehouses.

5. Automated Warehouses:
Automated facilities which can handle several hundreds of kilograms of product at a time. Inside the warehouse premises, physical distribution activities are carried out by moving product-filled pallets (i.e. platforms that hold large amounts of product). It requires huge investment, latest technology and a large turnover of goods.

Question 2.
Explain the advantages of warehousing functions.
Answer:

1. It safeguards the stock for the merchants who do not have a storage place.
2. Warehouses reduce the distribution cost of the traders by storing the goods in bulk and allow the trader to take the goods in small lots to his shop.
3. It helps in the selection of channels of distribution. The producer will prefer whether to a wholesaler or retailer.
4. It assists in maintaining the continuous sale and avoid the possibilities of “Out of Stock”.
5. It creates employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers to improve their standard of living.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Commerce Warehousing Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
NCDC is an example of ……………. warehouse.
(a) Private
(b) Government
(c) Public
(d) Cooperative
Answer:
(d) Cooperative

Question 2.
The FCI was set up under the Food Corporation Act,
(a) 1964
(b) 1985
(c) 1995
(d) 2013
Answer:
(a) 1964

Question 3.
CWC was established in
(a) 1964
(b) 1957
(c) 1956
(d) 1956
Answer:
(b) 1957

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Give a not on SWC.
Answer:
State Warehousing Corporation (SWC): Every state government is given the power to establish its own Warehousing Corporation after getting approval from the CWC. 50% of the capital is contributed by the CWC and the balance 50% contributed by State Government.

Question 2.
Write a note on TNWC.
Answer:
Tamil Nadu Warehousing Corporation (TNWC) : Tamil Nadu Warehousing Corporation was established in 1959. The available storage capacity of TNWC is 6.83 Lakh MT with 7 Regional offices and 256 Godowns across the state.

III. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain the warehousing in India.
Answer:
India is an agrarian country but the importance of warehousing was not felt till 1950. Agriculture contributes 16 percent of the overall GDP and accounts for the employment of approximately 52 percent of the Indian population. It is estimated that more than 40 percent of our agricultural .productions wasted due to poor storage facilities.

On the recommendation of the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee, the Agricultural Produce (Development and warehousing) Corporation Act enacted in 1956, authorized the Government to set up the National Co-operative Development and Warehousing Board to develop agricultural Co-operatives and warehousing.

For future Learning

Question a.
The warehouse of the future: How will it impact efficiency?
Answer:
From 2019, new technology could be revolutionary and improving efficiency in the warehouse by Warehousing Management System (WMS). Technologies including artificial intelligence, 3D printing, and self-driving vehicles could be more widely used in warehouses everywhere sooner than you think. By 2030, warehouses will be a part of an initiative to achieve zero net energy. Warehouse buildings will operate 24 x 7 x 365 and be designed with sustainability. By creating strategies, the warehouse will save costs and prevent harmful emissions. Solar panels will become the main sources of energy for warehouses.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Modals, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Modals

General Characteristics Of Modals
1. Modals are never used alone. A Principal verb is either present or implied;
as—
I can sing. He will help you.

2. Modals do not change according to the number or person of the subject;
as—
I can. We can. You can. He can. They can. etc.
I may. We may. You may. He may. They may. etc.

3. Modals have no Infinitive, Present Participle or Past Participle forms.

4. Modals cannot be used in all the tenses. When a modal does not fall in this pattern, it works as a Principal Verb; as—
God willed so.
He needs a pen.
She dared to go into the dark forest.
(Here will, need and dare are used as main verbs)

Relationship of Modals with Tenses
(i) May, can, shall and will are in present forms while might, could, should and would are their past forms.

The two forms express different meanings, but usually no difference of time, e.g. the difference between may and might is often that of degree of probability,

as-
She may come today. {possibility/likely to happen)
She might come today. (remote possibility/less likely)

(ii) However, if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, the forms might, could, should and would serve as regular past tenses;

as—
1. He said, “I can help you.”
He said that he could help her.
2. You said, “She will come back soon.”
You said that she would come back soon.
3. Sheetal said, “May I use this pen, madam?”
Sheetal asked her teacher if she might use that pen.

(III) When we want to express the past time in verb phrases involving modals, we use the Present Perfect Tense of the Principal Verb;
as –
She must have reached home by now.
You ought to have told me all the facts.

Quasi Modals
Quasi modals are also called semi-modals. There are four quasi modals: ‘used to’, ‘need to’, ‘dare to’ and ‘ought to’.

Question 1.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences.
(a) _________ you direct me to the collector office?
(b) _________ We respect our elders.
(c) You _________ come tomorrow if you are unable to finish the task today.
(d) I _________ visit the gym regularly during holidays.
(e) We _________ get a hike in our salary this month.
Answer:
(a) Can
(b) should
(c) should
(d) used to
(c) would

Question 2.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences
(a) One _________ obey the traffic rules.
(b) _________ I ask you a favour, Sir?
(c) She _________ sing and dance.
(d) Kapil Dev _________ play football initially.
(c) You _________ wait as it is getting dark now.
Answer:
(a) must
(b) Can
(c) can
(d) used to
(c) need not

Question 3.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences:
(a) _________ God bless you
(b) I wish you _________ disclose the truth to me.
(c) You _________ not write on the wall.
(d) She _________ play tennis during her college days.
(c) Rich men _________ help the poor.
Answer:
(a) May
(b) could
(c) should
(d) used to
(c) must

Question 4.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences.
(a) During our trip to Gujarat, we _________ visit Sabarmati Ashram.
(b) Blue Whale game promoters _________ be severely punished.
(c) You _________ respect your parents and take care of them in their old age.
(d) They _________ speak against Dinakaran as he has lot of influence.
(c) You _________ not know every word to understand the story.
Answer:
(a) shall
(b) must
(c) ought to
(d) dare not
(c) need

Question 5.
Supply suitable modal/quasi-modal verb for the following sentences
(a) You _________ not apologise for a flimsy mistake.
(b) Ramu is so timid that he _________ not discuss major issues with his wife.
(c) You _________ donate your old books to needy students.
(d) Thou _________ not steal.
(c) My _________ brother be happy to see you.
Answer:
(a) need
(b) dare
(c) should
(d) shall
(c) will

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Determiners, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Determiners

Study the sentences given below:
I saw a juggler yesterday.
My uncle is an officer in the army.
This car is very comfortable.
Some pictures are really fine.
Do you have any complaints against me?
She is blind of one eye.

In the above sentences, h, an, the, this, my, some, any and one are words which mark the subsequent arrival of a noun. Each of them modifies the noun which follows it. Such words are called Determiners or Fixing words as they fix the nouns that follow them.

Here is a tentative list of the most frequently used Determiners:

(a) a, an, the – (Article Determiners)
(b) this, that, these, those – (Demonstrative Determiners)
(c) my, our, your, his, her, its, their, one’s – (Possessive Determiners)
(d) one, two, three, etc. – (Definite Numerical Determiners)
(e) some, any, no; all, both; much, many; few, less, several, little – (Indefinite Numeral Determiners)
(f) each, every, either, neither – (Distributive Numeral Determiners)

Use Of Some Common Determiners

• A hen laid an egg yesterday.
• Bring me the purse I gave you.
• This car is very beautiful.
• Aditi lives in that house.
• These books are yours.
• Get me those mangoes please.
• My mother is a teacher.
• Your brother is calling you.
• Our school has fifty rooms.
• Their house is double-storeyed.
• Five boys are sitting on that bench.
• He stays on the first floor.
• There isn’t any sugar in the pot.
• Will you have some tea?
• She gave me allthe apples.
• Both the friends refused to part.
• He has not solved many sums.
• There are few buses running.
• He had little money.
• I play hockey every day.
• Either book will do.
• Neither statement is true.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Phrasal Verb, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Phrasal Verb

Question 1.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb with a single word.
Yesterday evening I ran into my uncle in the bazaar.
(a) forgot
(b) remembered
(c) lost
(d) met
Answer:
(d) met

Question 2.
Replace the underlined word with the appropriate phrasal verb.
Don’t ever mock the condition of poor people.
(a) genius for
(b) look forward to
(c) look down upon
(d) look into
Answer:
(c) look down upon

Question 3.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb with a single word.
It is really difficult to put up with a short-tempered person.
(a) oppose
(b) accept
(c) deny
(d) tolerate
Answer:
(d) tolerate

Question 4.
Replace the underlined word with the appropriate phrasal verb.
After Nagaraj lost his job, he is in trouble.
(a) enjoying
(b) in deep waters
(c) draw a blank
(d) wild goose chase
Answer:
(b) in deep waters

Question 5.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb into a single word.
However hard she tried, she could not figure out the meaning of the proverb.
(a) appreciate
(b) condemn
(c) understand
(d) faint
Answer:
(c) understand

Question 6.
Replace the underlined word with the appropriate phrasal verb.
The blind faith of people on Godmen is worrisome.
(a) take exception to
(b) matter of great concern
(c) look through
(d) put up with
Answer:
(b) matter of great concern

Question 7.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb into a single word.
Monisha takes after her dad.
(a) follows
(b) receives
(c) resembles
(d) remembers
Answer:
(c) resembles

Question 8.
Replace the underlined word with the appropriate phrasal verb.
She is searching her lost scooter.
(a) looking after
(b) looking for
(c) looking up
(d) looking into
Answer:
(b) looking for

Question 9.
Replace the underlined phrasal verb into a single word.
I am counting on you for the completion of the project.
(a) arguing
(b) supporting
(c) depending
(d) motivating
Answer:
(c) depending

Question 10.
Replace the underlined word with the appropriate phrasal verb.
The ancestral jewelry has been handed down from generation to generation.
(a) stored
(b) delivered
(c) hidden
(d) distributed
Answer:
(b) delivered

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Clipped Words, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Clipped Words

Question 1.
Choose the clipped word for ‘microphone’.
(a) micro
(b) mice
(c) phone
(d) mike
Answer:
(d) mike

Question 2.
Choose the clipped word for “helicopter”.
(a) heli
(b) cop
(c) copt
(d) copter
Answer:
(d) copter

Question 3.
Choose the clipped word for the word “demonstration”.
(a) demon
(b) station
(c) demo
(d) dems
Answer:
(c) demo

Question 4.
Choose the clipped word for “advertisement
(a) advent
(b) adment
(c) advertise
(d) ad
Answer:
(d) ad

Question 5.
Choose the clipped word for “memorandum i”.
(a) memes
(b) memo
(c) memory
(d) memorise
Answer:
(b) memo

Question 6.
Choose the clipped word for “diskette”.
(a) desk
(b) desket
(c) docket
(d) disc
Answer:
(d) disc

Question 7.
Choose the clipped word for “gymnasium”.
(a) gymna
(b) nasium
(c) gym
(d) masium
Answer:
(c) gym

Question 8.
Choose the clipped word for “hamburger”.
(a) burg
(b) burger
(c) bike
(d) ham
Answer:
(b) burger

Question 9.
Choose the clipped word for “laboratory”.
(a) labs
(b) labor
(c) labo
(d) lab
Answer:
(d) lab

Question 10.
Choose the clipped word for “omnibus”.
(a) Omni
(b) bus
(c) omnibus
(d) nib
Answer:
(b) bus

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Foreign Words and Phrases, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Foreign Words and Phrases

1. From French:

a. Avant-garde – This term applies to art, culture, and politics. It is when someone or something uses unusual or experimental ideas and challenges what people see as normal. For example, Lady GaGa is considered avant garde for her fashion choices.

b. Bon voyage – This term is generally used to express well wishes to someone who’is embarking • on a trip or journey. For example, “Have a safe trip and bon voyage ”

c. Deja vu – This is a popular phrase and at times is used incorrectly. Deja vu is the feeling that you have been through an experience or to a place before, though you never actually have. You are experiencing something for the first time, but in a way it feels familiar. “The castle gave me a sense of deja vu.”

d. Faux pas – A faux pas is an embarrassing social mistake. For example, wearing all white to a wedding at which you are not the bride. “She committed a faux pas at the wedding.”

e. RSVP – This is actually a French abbreviation for the phrase responder’s ’il Vous plait.” It literally translates as “please respond.” This is most often used on an invitation to an event.

f. Ballet – This is a form of dance that is popular all over the world. It’s important to note how the word “ballet’ is pronounced. Here you don’t pronounce the “t” at the end. Instead, the second syllable should sound like “lay,” with the same vowel sound as the letter “a”.

Example: My niece and nephew are in ballet class, so. I watched their five-hour ballet performance on Saturday. It was pretty long.

Here are a few other examples of French loanwords that end in “-et” but are pronounced like an “a” at the end: “buffet,” “gourmet,” “filet,” “chalet’ and even the car company “Chevrolet.”

g. Cafe – In English, this is the name for a small, usually informal restaurant. It often has small tables, and sometimes there are also tables outside. It- is written both with the accent mark (cafe) and without it (cafe) in English.

“Cafe” comes from the French word “coffee,” but it’s also very similar to other words related to coffee in many other languages. Usually, cafes do serve coffee, but if a place serves only coffee (and not any other food), then it’s normally called a “coffee shop.”

Also note that there’s a similar word, “cafeteria,” that causes some confusion. Generally, a cafeteria is like a small restaurant that is for a specific group of people. Cafeterias at schools or large companies are for the people who study or work there.

Example: I have only about 20 minutes for lunch, so I’ll just stop at a cafe for a quick lunch.

h. Croissant – Some of the most common loanwords are related to food. That’s because many foods are closely connected to a particular culture and other languages often don’t always have words for foods from other cultures.

A croissant is a type of pastry or bread that is light and flaky (leaves lots of little crumbs on your plate when you eat it). A similar type of bread in English is a “crescent roll.”

Example: Tina really loves to make croissants because they taste better than other types of bread.

1. Entrepreneur
This is definitely a word that you should hear pronounced, since it can be a little tricky even for native English speakers. An entrepreneur is a person who starts their own company. Other common forms of the word include “entrepreneurship” (a norm) or “entrepreneuriar (an adjective).

Example: Elon Musk, the man who started SpaceX and Tesla Motors, is one of the most famous entrepreneurs in the world.

2. From Latin
a. Alma mater – An alma mater is a school or university that one has attended or graduated from. For example, “Yale is my alma mater. ” It can also mean the school song and it literally translates as “loving mother.”

b. Quid pro quo – This term translates as “this for that.” It is used generally when two parties exchange something of value, e.g., “Criminals do not do something for nothing, there is always quid pro quo involved.”

c. Status quo – This phrase means “the existing state of affairs.” It describes what a culture or particular group deem “normal.” For example, “The government tried to maintain the status quo.’’’’

d. Genre – In French, this word means “kind” or “style.” In English, it‘s used to describe a category of something, especially when talking about entertainment. You’ll especially hear people using this word to talk about books, movies and music.

Example: Roy likes many types of music, but his favourite genre is heavy metal.

e. Rendezvous – In English, this word is used to describe either a place where people plan to meet, or the action of meeting a person at a specific time.
Example: We’re in a new city and I’m sure you all want to explore it a bit. It’s 2:00 now, so let’s rendezvous back here at 6:00. Then we’ll go for dinner.

3. From German
a. Kindergarten – Translated literally, this word means “children’s garden.” It’s a common type of school in many parts of the world. Children often go to a year or two of kindergarten when they’re five years old before they start elementary school.

Example:- Our daughter is going to turn five next year, so we’ve been trying to find a good kindergarten for her.

b. Waltz – A waltz is a type of formal dance. The word is also used to describe the type of music that plays during those dances and it can also be used as a verb to describe the action of performing this dance.

Example: My friends say that dancing the waltz is easy, but I can’t do it.

c. Rucksack – A rucksack is another name for a backpack. “Ruck” comes from the German word Riicken (back) and Sack means a bag.

Example: Alan is going to travel to Europe this summer, but he’s planning on taking one rucksack. He’ll have to pack carefully if he wants everything to fit!

d. Glitch – A glitch describes a small problem, but usually it’s a problem that doesn’t make it impossible to finish something.

Example: I planned to go downtown to meet with Betty, but I ran into & glitch: the bus wasn’t running because it was a holiday. So I just took a taxi instead.

e. Guerrilla – In Spanish, this word literally means “little war.” In both Spanish and English it can be used to describe an unofficial group of people fighting the government. In English, it’s most commonly used as an adjective, in phrases like “guerrilla warfare” or “guerrilla marketing.” Note that in Spanish, the “11” sound is different than in English. As a result, in English this word sounds basically the same as “gorilla,” the animal.

Example: The guerrilla fighters took control of the capital of the country, which gave them control of the government. .

f. Macho – This word describes a person who is very strong or masculine. It can also be used to describe a person who is arrogant about his manhood. It’s also used in the name of a professional wrestler and a popular disco song from the 1970’s.

Example: Peter is a real macho guy, but that’s annoying sometimes. He says that “real men don’t cry,” but I think he’s wrong.

g. Patio – In English, “patio” generally describes an area outside a house which often has a table and chairs, but no roof.

Example: It was very hot today, so we decided to go out to the patio to drink a cold glass of lemonade. There are some trees there, too, so the sun wasn’t as bad.

h. Plaza – A “plaza” describes a public open area in a city, which can sometimes be called a “square.” Plaza is also used in the names of many shopping malls, corporate building areas or other large open areas.

Example: Victoria needed to buy some Christmas presents for her friends, so she went downtown to the new shopping plaza to check out some of the stores,

i. Siesta – A “siesta” is a nap that one takes in the middle of the day, especially after eating or while taking a break from work.
Example: Wow, since I ate that big plate of spaghetti, now I’m feeling super tired. I think I’ll take a quick siesta before I get back to work.

4. From Japanese

a. Karaoke – It is a form of entertainment in which people take turns to sing popular songs into a microphone over pre-recorded backing tracks.

Example: David really likes singing karaoke, even though he doesn’t have an amazing voice. But that doesn’t matter—the important thing is to have fun with friends!

b. Karate – It describes a popular martial art that originated in Japan. There, the word “karate” means “empty hand,” since you don’t need any special equipment or weapons to do it.

Example: Lisa has a black belt in karate, so you’d better not try to steal her things.

c. Ninja – It means “spy” in Japanese, but in English it’s used to describe a person who can move and attack silently, without being seen. In modem use, people who can do something incredibly well are often called “ninjas.”

Example: You should try Karl’s cookies—they’re delicious! Karl is a real baking ninjal

d. Origami – Origami is the art of folding small pieces of paper into interesting shapes.

Example:
These days children are interested in learning origami. It’s good fun!

e. Tsunami – It is a gigantic (very large) sea wave that is usually caused by an earthquake. Unfortunately, the word has become more well-known ever since the 2004 south-east Asia tsunami and the 2011 Japan tsunami.

Example: The recent tsunamis in Asia killed hundreds of thousands of people.

5. From Chinese

a. Gung-ho – In Chinese this phrase means “work together,” but in English it’s used casually to express that you’re excited or enthusiastic about something. We generally use it as an adjective. Example: I was really gung-ho to eat dim sum, but when we got to the Chinese restaurant it was closed for a holiday! We were all really disappointed.

b. Kungfu – It is another popular style of martial arts. In “kung fu”, generally fighters only use their hands and feet, but not weapons.
Example: I’m tired of bullies beating me up. I’m going to learn kung fu so I can defend myself if they attack me again!

c. Tofu – This is a word that originally started in Chinese (as “dou fu”). But before it was adopted into English, it passed through Japanese and became “tofu.” In Chinese, “dou” means “bean” and “fu” means “rotten” or “sour.”

Example: This restaurant serves wonderful vegetarian dishes, especially tofu.

d. Typhoon – This word finds its origin in the Chinese word “taifeng,” which means “big wind.” A typhoon is just another name for a hurricane or a cyclone.

Example: In 2014 Typhoon Haiyan hit the Philippines and caused a lot of damage.

e. Yin and Yang – In Chinese, “yin” represents feminine, dark and night time, while “yang” represents the opposite: masculine, light and daytime things. In English, these words are used to represent any opposites.

Example: Mary is the yi/i to Peter’s .yang. They’re complete opposites, but they have a happy marriage. I guess it’s true that “opposites attract”!

6. Some Important Words from Other Languages

a. Moped (from Swedish) – “Moped” is a combination of the Swedish words “motor” and “pedaler.” Those words are nearly the same as their English equivalents “motor” and “pedals.” It’s basically a bicycle with a motor.

Example: On my last birthday, my father gifted me a moped.

b. Sheikh (from Arabic) – A “sheikh” is a ruler or leader of a group of people in Arab cultures. It’s used in English as a title for rulers in some countries, instead of words like “king” or “president.”

Example: When meeting sheikhs, many foreign leaders hold hands with them as a sign of respect or friendship.

c. Taekwondo (from Korean) – In Korean, “taekwondo” means “kick fist art” and in English it’s used to describe that popular martial art.

Example: I want to learn a martial art and I have chosen taekwondo.

Students can Download Economics Chapter 2 Consumption Analysis Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Solutions Chapter 2 Consumption Analysis

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Consumption Analysis Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – A

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Pick the odd one out
(a) Luxuries
(b) Comforts
(c) Necessaries
(d) Agricultural
Answer:
(d) Agricultural

Question 2.
Choice is always constrained or limited by the …………………… of our resources.
(a) Scarcity
(b) Supply
(c) Demand
(d) Abundance
Answer:
(a) Scarcity

Question 3.
The chief exponent of the Cardinal utility approach was
(a) J.R.Hicks
(b) R.G.D.Allen
(c) Marshall
(d) Stigler
Answer:
(c) Marshall

Question 4.
Marginal Utility is measured by using the formula of ……………………..
(a) TU_n – TU_n-1
(b) TU_n – TU_n+1
(c) TU_n + TU_n+1
(d) TU_n – TU_n+1
Answer:
(a) TU_n – TU_n-1

Question 5.
When marginal utility reaches zero, the total utility will be
(a) Minimum
(b) Maximum
(c) Zero
(d) Negative
Answer:
(b) Maximum

Question 6.
Gossen’s first law is known as ……………………..
(a) Law of equi-marginal utility
(b) Law of diminishing marginal utility
(c) Law of demand
(d) Law of Diminishing returns.
Answer:
(b) Law of diminishing marginal utility

Question 7.
The basis for the law of demand is related to
(a) Law of diminishing marginal utility
(b) Law of supply
(c) Law of Equi-marginal utility.
(d) Gossen’s Law.
Answer:
(a) Law of diminishing marginal utility

Question 8.
The concept of consumer’s surplus is associated with ……………………….
(a) Adam smith
(b) Marshall
(c) Robbins
(d) Ricardo
Answer:
(b) Marshall

Question 9.
Given the potential price is Rs.250 and the actual price is Rs.200. Find the consumer surplus,
(a) 375
(b) 175
(c) 200
(d) 50
Answer:
(d) 50

Question 10.
Indifference curve approach is based on ………………………..
(a) Ordinal approach
(b) Cardinal approach
(c) Subjective approach
(d) Psychological approach
Answer:
(a) Ordinal approach

Question 11.
The concept of elasticity of demand was introduced by
(a) Ferguson
(b) Keynes
(c) Adam Smith
(d) Marshall
Answer:
(d) Marshall

Question 12.
Increase in demand is caused by ……………………..
(a) Increase in tax
(b) Higher subsidy
(c) Increase in interest rate
(d) decline in population
Answer:
(b) Higher subsidy

Question 13.
The movement on or along the given demand curve is known as _______.
(a) Extension and contraction of demand.
(b) Shifts in the demand,
(c) Increase and decrease in demand.
(d) All the above
Answer:
(a) Extension and contraction of demand.

Question 14.
In case of relatively more elastic demand, the shape of the curve is ……………………..
(a) Horizontal
(b) Vertical
(c) Steeper
(d) Flatter
Answer:
(d) Flatter

Question 15.
A consumer is in equilibrium when marginal utilities from two goods are
(a) Minimum
(b) Inverse
(c) Equal
(d) Increasing
Answer:
(c) Equal

Question 16.
Indifference curve was first introduced by ………………………..
(a) Hicks
(b) Allen
(c) Keynes
(d) Edgeworth
Answer:
(d) Edgeworth

Question 17.
The elasticity of demand is equal to one indicates
(a) Unitary Elastic Demand
(b) Perfectly Elastic Demand
(c) Perfectly Inelastic Demand
(d) Relatively Elastic Demand
Answer:
(a) Unitary Elastic Demand

Question 18.
The locus of the points which gives the same level of satisfaction is associated with ……………………….
(a) Indifference Curves
(b) Cardinal Analysis
(c) Law of Demand
(d) Law of Supply
Answer:
(a) Indifference Curves

Question 19.
Ordinal Utility can be measured by
(a) Ranking
(b) Numbering
(c) Wording
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Ranking

Question 20.
The indifference curve are ………………………..
(a) Vertical
(b) Horizontal
(c) Positive sloped
(d) Negatively sloped
Answer:
(d) Negatively sloped

Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 21.
Define Utility.
Answer:

1. The utility is the capacity of a commodity to satisfy human wants.
2. The utility cannot be cardinally measured but can be ranked or compared or ordered by an ordinal number such as I, II, III, and so on.

Question 22.
Mention the classifications of wants.
Answer:
(a) Necessaries
(b) Comforts
(c) Luxuries.

Question 23.
Name the basic approaches to consumer behavior.
Answer:
The Basic Approaches to Consumer Behaviour:

1. Cardinal Utility Analysis
2. Ordinal Utility Analysis

Question 24.
What are the degrees of price elasticity of Demand?
Answer:
The Degrees of Price Elasticity of Demand:

1. Perfectly Elastic Demand (Ep = α)
2. Perfectly Inelastic Demand (Ep = 0)
3. Relatively Elastic Demand (Ep >1)
4. Relatively Inelastic Demand (Ep < 1)
5. Unitary Elastic Demand (Ep =1).

Question 25.
State the meaning of indifference curves?
Answer:
Indifference curves mean all those combinations of any two goods which give equal satisfaction to the consumer.

Question 26.
Write the formula of consumer surplus.
Answer:
Consumer’s surplus = Potential price – Actual price.
Consumer’s surplus = TU-(P × Q)
TU – Total Utility,
P – Price,
Q – Quantity.

Question 27.
What are Giffen goods? Why it is called that?
Answer:
The Giffen goods are inferior goods which are an exception to the law of demand. When the price of an inferior good falls, the poor will buy less and vice versa.

Part – C

Answer the following questions in One Paragraph

Question 28.
Describe the feature of human wants.
Answer:
The Feature of Human:

1. Wants are unlimited
2. Wants become habits
3. Wants are satiable
4. Wants are alternative
5. Wants are competitive
6. Wants are complementary
7. Wants are recurring.

Question 29.
Mention the relationship between marginal utility and total utility.
Answer:
Total Utility:

1. If Total utility increases
2. If Total utility reaches maximum.
3. If Total utility diminishes

Marginal Utility:

1. Marginal utility declines
2. Marginal utility reaches zero
3. Marginal utility becomes negative

MU_n = TU_n – TU_n-1.

Question 30.
Explain the concept of consumer’s equilibrium with a diagram.
Answer:
Consumer surplus is the difference between the potential price and the actual price. Consumer’s surplus = Potential price – Actual price.
(or)
Consumer’s surplus = TU – (P × Q)
TU – Total Utility, P – Price, Q – Quantity

In the diagram, X-axis shows the amount demanded and Y-axis represents the price. DD shows the consumer’s utility from the purchase of different amounts of a commodity.
Hence Actual price of OPCQ
Potential price ODCQ
Consumer’ surplus = ODCQ – OPCQ = PCD.

Question 31.
Explain the theory of “ Consumer’s Surplus ”?
Answer:
The concept of consumer’s surplus is based on the law of diminishing marginal utility. Alfred Marshall defines consumer’s surplus as “The excess of price which a person would be willing to pay rather than go without the thing, over that which he actually does pay is the economic measure of this surplus satisfaction. This may be called a consumer’s surplus.

Question 32.
Distinguish between extension and contraction of demand.
Answer:
If the changes in the quantity demanded is due to the change in price alone then it is called extension and contraction of demand. Buying more at a lower price is an extension of demand and less at a higher price is the contraction of demand.

Question 33.
What are the properties of indifference curves?
Answer:

1. The indifference curve must have a negative slope.
2. Indifference curves are convex to the origin.
3. The indifference curve cannot intersect.
4. Indifference curves do not touch the horizontal or vertical axis.

Question 34.
Briefly explain the concept of consumer’s equilibrium.
Answer:

The consumer reaches equilibrium at the point where the budget line is tangent on the indifference curve.
T is the point of equilibrium as budget line AB is tangent on indifference curve IC₃ the upper IC which implies a maximum possible level of satisfaction.

At equilibrium point, the slope of IC refers to MRS_xy and the slope of BL (Budget Line) refers to the ratio of the price of X to the price of Y i.e. P_x / P_y. Therefore MRS_x,y = P_x / P_y.

Part – D

Answer the following questions in about a page

Question 35.
Explain the law of demand and its exceptions.
Answer:
The law of demand was first stated by Augustin Cournot in 1838. Later it was refined and elaborated by Alfred Marshall.
Definition:
The law of demand says as “The quantity demanded increases with a fall in price and diminishes with a rise in price” -Marshall.

Assumptions of the law:

1. The income, taste, habit, and preference of the consumer remain the same.
2. No change in the prices of related goods.
3. No substitutes for the commodity.
4. The demand for the commodity must be continuous.
5. No change in the quality of the commodity.

If there is change even in one of these assumptions, the law will not operate.
Demand schedule:

From the above schedule if the price of the good is 5 then the quantity demanded is 1 unit and if the price decrease to 1 quantity demanded raises to 5 which shows the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.

Diagram:

In the above diagram, X-axis represents the quantity demanded and Y-axis represents the price. DD is the demand curve which has a negative slope. It indicates that when the price falls, the demand expands and when price rises, the demand contracts.

Market demand for a commodity:

The market demand curve for a commodity is derived by adding the quantum demanded of the commodity by all the individuals in the market.
Exceptions to the law of demand:

1. There are some unusual demand curves which slope upwards from left to right. It is known as the exceptional demand curve.
2. In the case of an exceptional demand curve, a fall in price brings about contraction and a rise in price brings about an extension of demand.

Reasons for exceptional demand curve:

1. Giffen paradox
2. Veblen or demonstration
3. Ignorance
4. Speculative effect
5. Fear of shortage

Question 36.
Elucidate the law of diminishing marginal utility with a diagram.
Answer:
H.H. Gosen, an Austrian Economist first formulated this law in 1854. Hence Jevons called this law “Gossen’s first law of consumption”. Marshall perfected this law on the basis of cardinal analysis and it is based on the characteristics of human wants, its wants are satiable.

Definition:
Marshall states that “The additional benefit which a person derives from a given increase of his stock of a thing diminishes with every increase in the stock that he already has”
Assumptions:

1. The utility can be measured cardinally.
2. The marginal utility of money remains constant.
3. The consumer is a rational economic man.
4. The units of the commodity consumed must be reasonable in size.
5. The commodity consumed should be homogenous in all aspects.
6. Consumption takes place continuously at a given period of time.
7. No change in the taste, habits, preferences, fashions, income, and character of the consumer during the process of consumption.

Explanation:
The law states that if a consumer continues to consume more or more units of the same commodity, its marginal utility diminishes.

Illustration:
This law can be explained with a simple illustration. Suppose a consumer wants to consume apples one after another the utility from the first apple is 20. But the utility from the second apple will be less than the first (say 15), the third less than the second (say 10), and so on. Finally, the utility from the fifth apple becomes zero.

The utilities from the sixth and seventh apples are negative. This tendency is called “The . law of diminishing marginal utility’”.

From the above table and diagram. We find that the total utility goes on increasing but at a diminishing rate. Whereas marginal utility goes on diminishing. When marginal utility becomes zero, the total utility is maximum, when marginal utility becomes negative, the total utility diminishes.

Criticisms:

1. As utility is subjective, it cannot be measured numerically.
2. This law is based on unrealistic assumptions.
3. This law is not applicable to indivisible commodities.

Question 37.
Explain the law of Equi-marginal utility.
Answer:
To satisfy unlimited wants a consumer needs more than one commodity. So, the law of diminishing marginal utility is extended and is called the “Law of Equi-marginal utility”. It is also called the “Law of substitution” “The law of consumer’s equilibrium”, “Gossen second law” and “The law of maximum satisfaction”.

Definition:
Marshall states the law as, “If a person has a thing which he can put to several uses, he will distribute it among these uses in such a way that it has the same marginal utility in all. For if it had a greater marginal utility in one use than another he would gain by taking away some of it from the second use and applying it to first”.
Assumptions:

1. The rational consumer wants to maximize his satisfaction.
2. The utility is measurable cardinally.
3. The marginal utility of money remains constant.
4. The income of the consumer is given.
5. There is perfect competition in the market.
6. The prices of the commodities are given.
7. The law of diminishing marginal utility operates.

Explanation:
The law can be explained with the help of an example. Suppose a consumer wants to spend his limited income on Apple and Orange. He is said to be in equilibrium, only when he gets maximum satisfaction with his limited income. Therefore, he will be in equilibrium, when

K – Constant marginal unity of money

Table:

Let us assume that the consumer wants to spend his entire income (Rs.11) on Apple add Orange. The price of an Apple and Orange is Rs. 1 each.
If the consumer wants to attain maximum utility he should buy 6 units of Apples and 5 units of Oranges so that he can get 150 units.

Diagram:

In the diagram, X-axis represents the amount of money spent and the Y-axis marginal utilities of Apple and Orange. If the consumer spends Rs. 6 on Apple and Rs. 5 on Orange, the marginal utilities of both are equal (ie) AA, = BB, Hence he gets maximum utility.

Question 38.
What are the methods of measuring the Elasticity of demand?
Answer:
There are three methods of measuring the elasticity of demand.

1. The percentage method:

It is also known as the ratio method when we measure the ratio as

% ∆Q = perCentage change in demand, %∆P = Percentage change in price.

2. Total outlay method:
Marshall suggested that the simplest way to decide whether demand is elastic or inelastic is to examine the change in the total outlay of the consumer or total revenue of the firm.
Total revenue = Price × Quantity sold
TR = P × Q
Total outlay method:

Demand is elastic, if there is an inverse relation between price and total outlay and direct relation means inelastic. Elasticity is unity when the total outlay is constant.

Question 3.
Point or geometrical elasticity:
Answer:
The point elasticity of a linear demand curve is shown by the ratio of the segments of the line to the right and to the left of the particular point.

EP – Point Elasticity, L – Lower Segment, U – Upper Segment.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Consumption Analysis Additional Questions and Answers

Part – A

Choose the best options

Question 1.
The utility cannot be measured, because the utility is ………………………. concept.
(a) Social
(b) Subjective
(c) Political
(d) Scientific
Answer:
(b) Subjective

Question 2.
_________ law is helpful in attaining social justice.
(a) Law of Equi-marginal utility
(b) Law of demand
(c) Law of diminishing marginal utility
(d) Law of marginal utility
Answer:
(c) Law of diminishing marginal utility

Question 3.
Consumer surplus is …………………….
(a) Potential price – Actual price
(b) MV = TV – TV
(c) Demand = Supply
(d) None
Answer:
(a) Potential price – Actual price

Question 4.
Income elasticity of demand is the degree of responsiveness of change in demand to
(a) Change is price
(b) Elasticity of demand
(c) Change in substitutes
(d) Change in income
Answer:
(d) Change in income

Question 5.
Marshallian utility approach is …………………….. analysis.
(a) Subjective
(b) Psychological
(c) Ordinal
(d) Cardinal
Answer:
(d) Cardinal

Question 6.
_________ is the major determinant of demand.
(a) Consumption
(b) Price
(c) Supply
(d) All the above
Answer:
(b) Price

Question 7.
Principle of Economics” was defined by ………………….
(a) Marshall
(b) Hicks
(c) Allen
(d) Keynes
Answer:
(a) Marshall

Question 8.
The formula for point method
(a) Upper segment / Lower segment
(b) Middle segment / Upper segment
(c) Lower segment / Upper segment
(d) Upper segment / Left segment
Answer:
(c) Lower segment / Upper segment

Question 9.
What is the other name of the budget line?
(a) Price ratio line
(b) Quantity ratio line
(c) Equilibrium ratio line
(d) Compulsory ratio line
Answer:
(a) Price ratio line

Question 10.
_________ is the basis of all the laws of consumption.
(a) Law of demand
(b) Law of consumerism
(c) Law of elasticity
(d) Law of diminishing marginal utility
Answer:
(d) Law of diminishing marginal utility

Question 11.
Give the consumer’s surplus is 75 and the actual price 372, Find the potential price
(a) 447
(b) 50
(c) 375
(d) 474
Answer:
(a) 447

Choose the correct statement

Question 1.
(a) Consumption is the beginning of economic science
(b) Production is the beginning of economic science
(c) Distribution is the beginning of economic science
(d) Exchange is the beginning of economic science
Answer:
(a) Consumption is the beginning of economic science

Question 2.
(a) The law of diminishing marginal utility is called Gresham’s law.
(b) The law Equi marginal utility is called Marshall’s law.
(c) The law of diminishing marginal utility is called Gossen’s first law of consumption.
(d) The law of demand is called Gossen’s second law of consumption.
Answer:
(c) The law of diminishing marginal utility is called Gossen’s first law of consumption.

Match the following and choose the answer using the codes given below

Question 3.

(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 3 4 2 1
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 4 3 2 1
Answer:
(b) 3 4 2 1

Question 4.

(a) 4 3 2 1
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 3 1 4 2
Answer:
(d) 3 1 4 2

Choose the odd one out

Question 5.
(a) Giffen paradox
(b) Demonstration effect
(c) Speculative effect
(d) Edge worth approach
Answer:
(d) Edge worth approach

Question 6.
(a) F.W. Edge worth
(b) Alfred Marshall
(c) Vilfredo Pareto
(d) J.R. Hicks and R.G.D. Allen
Answer:
(b) Alfred Marshall

Question 7.
(a) Percentage method
(b) Point method
(c) Total outlay method
(d) Income elasticity method
Answer:
(d) Income elasticity method

Choose the incorrect pair

Question 8.

Answer:
(a) Point (i) Upper segment/Lower segment.

Question 9.

Answer:
(b) Unptary elastic demand (i) e_p= 0.

Question 10.

Answer:
(c) e_p < 1 (iii) Rectangular hyperbola

Analyze the reason for the following.

Question 11.
Assertion (A): Savings and demand are inversely related.
Reason (R): Increased savings leads to a decrease in consumption.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but, (R) is false.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are false.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 12.
Assertion (A): When the price of inferior goods falls, the poor will buy less.
Reason (R): Poor consume less amount of inferior goods.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true
(b) Both (A) and (R) are false
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
Answer:
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.

Choose the incorrect statement

Question 13.
(a) The exceptional demand curve slopes upwards,
(b) The good salt is price inelastic
(c) Elasticity is unity when total outlay is constant
(d) Demand is more elastic in the short run than is long run
Answer:
(a) The exceptional demand curve slopes upwards

Question 14.
(a) The law of DMU is based on the characteristics of human wants.
(b) The law of consumer surplus is based on the law of DMU
(c) The indifference curve approach is based on the scale of preference.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(d) None of the above.

Fill in the blanks with the suitable option given below

Question 15.
Diamond – water paradox was given by
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Marshall
(c) Robbins
(d) Samuelson
Answer:
(a) Adam Smith

Question 16.
_________ law is helpful in attaining social justice.
(a) Law of demand
(b) Law of diminishing marginal utility
(c) Law of Equi-marginal utility
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Law of diminishing marginal utility

Question 17.
_________ is the basis of all the laws of consumption.
(a) Law of demand
(b) Law of consumerism
(c) Law of elasticity
(d) Law of diminishing marginal utility
Answer:
(d) Law of diminishing marginal utility

Choose the best option

Question 18.
_________ is the major determinant of demand.
(a) Consumption
(b) Price
(c) Supply
(d) All the above
Answer:
(b) Price

Question 19.
If the total utility is maximum then marginal utility is _________
(a) Zero
(b) Negative
(c) Positive
(d) Maximum
Answer:
(a) Zero

Question 20.
Mathematically consumer’s surplus is
(a) TU – TU_n-1
(b) TR – (P×Q)
(c) TU – (P×Q)
(d) TC – (Q×P)
Answer:
(c) TU-(P×Q)

Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Define “Consumption”?
Answer:
Consumption plays an important role in Economics. “ Consumption is the sole end and object of economic activity” – J.M. Keynes. Consumption is the beginning of economic science. In the absence of consumption, there can be no production; exchange, or distribution. Consumption is also an end of production. Producers produce goods to satisfy the wants of the people.

Question 2.
What is the law of demand?
Answer:
“The quantity demanded increases with a fall in price and diminishes with a rise in price” – Marshall.

Question 3.
Write the characteristics of demand?
Answer:
Characteristics of demand:

1. Price: Demand is always related to price.
2. Time: Demand always means demand per unit of time, per day, per week, per month on per year.
3. Market: Demand is always related to the market, buyer, and sellers.
4. Amount: Demand is always a specific quantity that a consumer is willing to purchase.

Question 4.
What is marginal utility?
Answer:
Marginal utility is the utility derived from the last or marginal unit of consumption.

Question 5.
What is demand?
Answer:
Demand is the desire backed by the ability to pay and the willingness to buy it.

Question 6.
What is the elasticity of demand?
Answer:
The elasticity of demand is the degree of responsiveness of the quantity demand for a commodity to a change in its price.

Question 7.
What are the determinants of elasticity of demand?
Answer:

1. Availability of substitutes
2. The proportion of consumer’s income
3. Number of uses of the commodity
4. Complementarity between goods.

Part – C

Answer the following questions in One Paragraph

Question 1.
What is an indifference map?
Answer:
An indifference map is a family or collection or set of indifference curves corresponding to different levels of satisfaction. In the diagram, the indifference curves IC₁, IC_2, and IC₃ represent the indifference map, upper IC representing a higher level of satisfaction compared to lower IC.

Question 2.
Write the importance of the law of diminishing marginal utility?
Answer:

1. This law of DMU is one of the fundamental laws of consumption. It has applications in several fields of study.
2. The law of DMU is the basis for other consumption laws such as the law of Demand, Elasticity of Demand, Consumer Surplus, and the Law of Substitution, etc.
3. The law emphasizes the equitable distribution of wealth. The MU of money to the more -moneyed is low. Hence redistribution of income from rich to poor is justified.

Question 3.
What are the determinants of demand?
Answer:

1. Changes in tastes and fashions
2. Change in weather
3. Taxation and subsidy
4. Change in expectations
5. Changes in savings
6. State of trade activity
7. Advertisement
8. Change in income
9. Change in population.

Question 4.
What is a scale of preference?
Answer:

1. A rational consumer usually prefers the combination of goods which gives him a maximum level of satisfaction.
2. Thus the consumer can arrange goods and their combination in order of their satisfaction.
3. Such an arrangement of a combination of goods in the order of level of satisfaction is called the “Scale of preference”.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Idioms, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Idioms

Choose the suitable meaning of the idiom found in the following sentences:

Question 1.
His limited monthly income is a drop in the ocean.
(a) large
(b) plenty
(c) extreme
(d) meagre
Answers
(d) meagre

Question 2.
The post office is just a stone’s throw.
(a) far
(b) very near
(c) lazy
(d) brisk
Answers
(b) very near

Question 3.
Sugar is in short supply.
(a) inadequate
(b) adequate
(c) surplus
(d) superfluous
Answers
(a) inadequate

Question 4.
I wish someone could bring about a reconciliation among the warring factions of the same political party.
(a) cause to happen
(b) fetched
(c) supplied
(d) withdrew
Answers
(a) cause to happen

Question 5.
I want to achieve in all walks of life.
(a) have a change
(b) various areas of activity in life
(c) to disagree strongly
(d) perfectly healthy
Answers
(b) various areas of activity in life

Question 6.
Orders for the new product are coming in thick and fast.
(a) large numbers
(b) small volumes
(c) limited quantity
(d) appropriate level
Answers
(a) large numbers

Question 7.
Punjab Government had taken a very hard line against Ram Rahim, the Godman.
(a) a firm stand
(b) infirm stand
(c) ticklish
(d) fickle
Answers
(a) a fIrm stand

Question 8.
Don’t add insult to injury by insulting the boy who lost distinction by just two marks.
(a) brighten up
(b) worsen the situation
(c) lighten the situation
(d) mitigate the situation
Answers
(b) worsen the situation

Question 9.
All the workers rose against their employer.
(a) not involved in
(b) tolerated
(c) due to
(d) revolted
Answers
(d) revolted

Question 10.
A good salesman must be able to think on his feet to close the deal.
(a) adjust quickly to changes
(b) delete important material
(c) walk fast
(d) start a new adventure
Answers
(a) adjust quickly to changes

Question 11.
When the team was undergoing a major restructuring, recruitment executives were the first to get the axe.
(a) receive a gift
(b) find a place
(c) lose the job
(d) be seated
Answers
(c) lose the job

Question 12.
I go to visit my grandfather once in a blue moon; he lives in a remote farmhouse.
(a) once a year
(b) quite often
(c) every day
(d) very rarely
Answers
(d) very rarely

Question 13.
Taking care of a newborn is no bed of roses.
(a) easy option
(b) tough task
(c) long route
(d) bunch of flowers
Answers
(a) easy option

Question 14.
Every kid in the world is the apple of their parents’ eye(s).
(a) easy option
(b) tough task
(c) long route
(d) bunch of flowers
Answers
(a) someone very dear

Question 15.
His behaviour compelled me to give him a piece of my mind.
(a) scold him
(b) pardon him
(c) be a friend
(d) ignore him
Answers
(a) scold him

Question 16.
He gave an evocative rendering to his recent poems.
(a) thrilling
(b) enchanting
(c) emotional
(d) incantatory
Answers
(c) emotional

Question 17.
David’s promotion is on the cards.
(a) due
(b) evident
(c) certain
(d) probable
Answers
(c) certain

Question 18.
Professor Christopher asked the students to buckle down this semester.
(a) work seriously
(b) take it easy
(c) drop a subject
(d) take leave
Answers
(a) work seriously

Question 19.
Rita is not cut out for this kind of work.
(a) trained
(b) suitable
(c) recommended
(d) considered
Answers
(b) suitable

Question 20.
The director hesitated to assign the job to the newcomer as he was wet behind the ears.
(a) stupid and slow-witted
(b) young and inexperienced
(c) deaf
(d) lethargic
Answers
(b) young and inexperienced

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Homophones, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Homophones

Homophones are one of the group of words pronounced alike but differ in meaning and spelling or both. (e.g.) carat, carrot; week, weak and hear, here.

Rewrite the following sentences by using the correct homophones for the underlined words:

Question 1.
The story “Beauty and the Beast” is interesting.
Answer:
The story “Beauty and the Beast” is interesting.

Question 2.
Mom gave good advice to her son.
Answer:
Mom gave good advice to her son.

Question 3.
Ice cream was served as dessert.
Answer:
Ice cream was served as dessert.

Question 4.
Cease time by the foreclock.
Answer:
Seize time by the foreclock?

Question 5.
Mothers do not have time for bedtime tails any more.
Answer:
Mothers do not have time for bedtime tales any more

Question 6.
Never pause unhealthy comments.
Answer:
Never pass unhealthy comments.

Question 7.
Trump wood be pleased to continue the military aid to Pakistan.
Answer:
Trump would be pleased to continue the military aid to Pakistan.

Question 8.
The Nellore bound train met with an accident an our ago.
Answer:
The Nellore bound train met with an accident an hour ago.

Question 9.
The grapes on the wine are beautiful.
Answer:
The grapes on the vine are beautiful.

Question 10.
Orthodoxical Hindus never eat meet.
Answer:
Orthodox Hindus never eat meat.

Question 11.
Getting gold medals thrice for running 200 metre dash continuously is a great feet.
Answer:
Getting gold medals thrice for running 200 metre dash continuously is a great feat.

Question 12.
Time may heel some wounds.
Answer:
Time may heal some wounds.

Question 13.
Mom advised me to prey regularly.
Answer:
Mom advised me to pray regularly.

Question 14.
Don’t loose your temper.
Answer:
Don’t lose your temper.

Question 15.
Some believe, “Mite is right”.
Answer:
Some believe, “Might is right”.

Question 16.
She new the way to the supermarket.
Answer:
She knew the way to the supermarket.

Question 17.
King Solomon was always faring in his judgment.
Answer:
King Solomon was always fair in his judgment.

Question 18.
Marina beech is the longest in Asia.
Answer:
Marina beach is the longest in Asia.

Question 19.
An engineer was arrested who had hordes of 2000 rupee notes.
Answer:
An engineer was arrested who had hoards of 2000 rupee notes.

Question 20.
The due seated on the top of a grass sparkled like a diamond.
Answer:
The dew seated on the top of a grass sparkled like a diamond.