Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Tissue Level of Organisation Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Choose the correct answer:
Question 1.
The main function of the cuboidal epithelium is –
(a) Protection
(b) Secretion
(c) Absorption
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(d) Both (b) and (c)

Question 2.
The ciliated epithelium lines the –
(a) Skin
(b) Digestive tract
(c) Gall bladder
(d) Trachea
Answer:
(d) Trachea

Question 3.
What type of fibres are found in connective tissue matrix?
(a) Collagen
(b) Areolar
(c) Cartilage
(d) Tubular
Answer:
(a) Collagen

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 4.
Prevention of substances from leaking across the tissue is provided by –
(a) Tight junction
(b) Adhering junction
(c) Gap junction
(d) Elastic junction
Answer:
(a) Tight junction

Question 5.
Non-shivering thermogenesis in neonates produces heat through –
(a) White fat
(b) Brown fat
(c) Yellow fat
(d) Colourless fat
Answer:
(b) Brown fat

Question 6.
Some epithelia are pseudostratified. What does this mean?
Answer:
These cells are columnar but unequal in size. Though the epithelium is single-layered it appears to be multi-layered because the nuclei lie at different levels in different cells.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 7.
Differentiate white adipose tissue from brown adipose tissue.
Answer:
Adipose tissue:

  • Adipose tissue is the group of fat cells.
  • It stores fats.
  • It releases energy while fasting.

Brown Adipose Tissue:

  • Adipose tissue which contains abundant mitochondria are called brown adipose tissue.
  • It is used to warm the bloodstream to warm the body.
  • It produces heat by non-shivering thermogenesis.

Question 8.
Why blood is considered a typical connective tissue?
Answer:
Blood is the fluid connective tissue. Containing plasma red blood cells white blood cells and platelets. It functions as the transport medium for the cardiovascular system carrying nutrients wastes respiratory gases throughout the body.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 9.
Differentiate between elastic fibres and elastic connective tissue.
Answer:
Elastic fibres:

  • It contains elastin and other proteins and glycoproteins.
  • It attaches muscles and bones and one bone to another bone.
  • It withstands tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction or in many directions.

Elastic connective tissue:

  • It contains high proportion of elastic fibres.
  • It is found in the walls of large arteries, ligaments associated with vertebral column and within the walls of the bronchial tubes.
  • It allows recoil of tissues after stretching.

Question 10.
Name any four important functions of epithelial tissue and provide at least one example of a tissue that exemplifies each function.
Answer:
1. Secretion and absorption: Cuboidal epithelium in kidney tubules, ducts. Columnar epithelium found in the digestive tract.

2. Filtration: Squamous epithelium found in the glomerulus of kidney.

3. Ciliated epithelium: Found in the bronchi, uterine tubes propels the materials due to ciliary actions.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 11.
Write the classification of connective tissue and its functions.
Answer:
There are four main classes of connective tissues.

  • Connective tissue proper
  • Cartilage
  • Bones
  • Blood

The major functions of connective tissues are binding and support, protection, insulation and transportation of substances.

Question 12.
What is an epithelium? Enumerate the characteristic features of different epithelia.
Answer:
Epithelial tissue is sheet of cells that covers the body surface or lines the body cavity.

  • Simple epithelium is single-layered.
  • Squamous epithelium is made of flattened cells with irregular boundaries.
  • Columnar epithelium is made of column-like cells with round to oval nuclei at the base.
  • Ciliated epithelium has cilia at the free end.
  • Compound epithelium is made of multi-layered cells.

In-Text Questions Solved

Question 1.
Stratified epithelia are “built” for protection or to resist abrasion. What are the simple epithelia better at?
Answer:
The simple epithelia are better at absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances.

Question 2.
What type of connective tissue is damaged when one get cut on his index finger accidentally?
Answer:
The Areolar connective tissue is damaged when finger gets cut.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 3.
The stored lipids are in the form of adipose tissue. Are they coloured? Why?
Answer:
The white adipose tissue is called white fat. The adipose that has abundant mitochondria is called Brown fat.

Question 4.
You are looking at a slide of a tissue through the compound microscope and you see striped branching cells that connect with one another. What type of muscle are you viewing?
Answer:
I am viewing the skeletal muscle.

Question 5.
A player has sustained a severe injury during football practice and was told that he has a torn knee cartilage. Can he expect a quick uneventful recovery? Explain your response.
Answer:
The knee cartilage is an important connective tissue. Since the knee moves during locomotion, a quick, uneventful recovery cannot take place. Complete rest to the knee joint is necessary.

Question 6.
An overweight high school student is overheard telling her friend that she is going to research how she can transform some of her white fat into brown fat. What is her rationale here (assuming it is possible)?
Answer:
The white fat stores nutrients while the brown fat warms the body. The student feels that she may bring down her weight by converting brown fat to white fat.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Textbook Activities Solved

Question 1.
Students are asked to identify the unlabelled slides of tissues and to classify them. Similar exercise can also be accomplished by projecting unlabelled histological images on a screen. They can identify the slides of different tissues through microscope.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
The preparation of smear of stratified squamous epithelia from the inner lining of cheek allows the students to make their own slides using biological stain. They will have the experience of examining their cheek cells.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Entrance Examination Questions Solved

Question 1.
Transitional epithelium occurs in ………… (MHTCET 2008)
(a) Blood vessels
(b) Trachea
(c) Kidney
(d) Ureter/urinary bladder
Answer:
(d) Ureter/urinary bladder

Question 2.
The study of tissues is known as …………….. (MPPMT 2010)
(a) Physiology
(b) Ecology
(c) Histology
(d) Anatomy
Answer:
(c) Histology

Question 3.
Find out the wrong match :
(a) Eosinophils Allergic response
(b) Basophils Secrete histamine and serotonin
(c) Monocytes Secrete heparin
(d) Lymphocytes Immune response
Answer:
(c) Monocytes Secrete heparin

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 4.
The outer covering of cartilage is called (WB 2010)
(a) Peritoneum
(b) Periosteum
(c) Endosteum
(d) Perichondrium
Answer:
(d) Perichondrium

Question 5.
Skin is …………… (CPMT2010)
(a) Cuboidal epithelium
(b) Stratified epithelium
(c) Columnar epithelium
(d) Pseudostratified epithelium
Answer:
(b) Stratified epithelium

Question 6.
Match the animals listed in column – I to blood listed in column – II. (KCET 2010)

Column -I

Column – II

(i) Plasma and cells are colourless

(P) Man

(ii) Plasma colourless and nucleated RBC

(Q) Earth worm

(ii) Plasma colourless and enucleated RBC

(R) Cockroach

(iv) Plasma red and nucleated colourless RBC

(S) Frog

(v) Plasma and RBS have haemoglobin

(a) (P – iii), (Q – iv), (R – i), (S – ii)
(b) (P – iv), (Q – v), (R – iii), (S – ii)
(c) (P – i), (Q – iv), (R – ii), (S – iii)
(d) (P – v), (Q – iii), (R – i), (S – iv)
Answer:
(a) (P – iii), (Q – iv), (R – i), (S – ii)

Question 7.
Matrix of bone and cartilage can be distinguished by the presence of –
(a) Lacunae
(b) Chromatophores
(c) Haversian canals
(d) Adipose cells
Answer:
(c) Haversian canals

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 8.
Which type of tissue forms glands? (MPPMT- 2010)
(a) Epithelial
(b) Muscular
(c) Nervous
(d) Connective
Answer:
(a) Epithelial

Question 9.
Which of the following blood cells help in blood coagulation?
(a) RBCs
(b) Lymphocytes
(c) Thrombocytes
(d) Basophils
Answer:
(c) Thrombocytes

Question 10.
Fibroblasts macrophages and mast cells are present in –
(a) Cartilage tissue
(b) Areolar tissue
(c) Adipose tissue
(d) Glandular epithelium
Answer:
(b) Areolar tissue

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 11.
Which type of epithelium is involved in a function to move particles or mucus in specific direction? (HPPMT 2010)
(a) Squamous epithelium
(b) Cuboidal epithelium
(c) Columnar epithelium
(d) Ciliated epithelium
Answer:
(d) Ciliated epithelium

Question 12.
Which of these is not found in connective tissue? (MPPMT2010)
(a) Collagen fibres
(b) Basement membrane
(c) Hyaluronic acid
(d) Fluid
Answer:
(b) Basement membrane

Question 13.
Multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm are characteristics of which of the WBCs?
(a) Neutrophils
(b) Monocytes
(c) Lymphocytes
(d) Eosinophils
Answer:
(a) Neutrophils

Question 14.
Which one of the following plasma proteins is involved in the coagulation of blood? (2011)
(a) globulin
(b) Fibrinogen
(c) albumin
(d) Serum amylase
Answer:
(b) Fibrinogen

Question 15.
Which of the following is not a connective tissue? (CPMT – 2010)
(a) Blood
(b) bone
(c) Lymph
(d) Nerve
Answer:
(d) Nerve

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 16.
The ciliated columnar epithelial cells in humans are known to occur in –
(a) Bile duct and oesophagus
(b) Fallopian tubes and urethra
(c) Eustachian tube and stomach lining
(d) Bronchioles and fallopian tubes
Answer:
(d) Bronchioles and fallopian tubes

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Tissue Level of Organisation Additional Questions & Answers

 Multiple Choice Questions
Choose the correct answer
Question 1.
Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common function are called –
(a) tissues
(b) organs
(c) cells
(d) organ systems
Answer:
(a) tissues

Question 2.
Which of the following have flattened cells?
(a) cuboidal epithelium
(b) columnar epithelium
(c) squamous epithelium
(d) ciliated epithelium
Answer:
(c) squamous epithelium

Question 3.
Microvilli and Goblet cells are the modifications of –
(a) cuboidal epithelium
(b) columnar epithelium
(c) squamous epithelium
(d) ciliated epithelium
Answer:
(b) Columnar epithelium

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 4.
Which of the following is not exocrine gland?
(a) Sweat glands
(b) Sebaceous glands
(c) Mammary glands
(d) Thyroid gland
Answer:
(d) Thyroid gland

Question 5.
The pancreas is the example of glands-
(a) Merocrine
(b) Holocrine
(c) Apocrine
(d) Epithelial
Answer:
(a) Merocrine

Question 6.
Which is the site of production of blood cells?
(a) Cartilage
(b) Blood
(c) PLasma
(d) Bone marrow
Answer:
(d) Bone marrow

Question 7.
Biceps and Triceps are the examples of-
(a) Smooth muscle
(b) Cardiac muscle
(c) Striped muscle
(d) Involuntary muscle
Answer:
(c) Striped muscle

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 8.
The walls of internal organs are made up of –
(a) Smooth muscle
(b) involuntary muscle
(c) Skeletal muscle
(d) Cardiac muscle
Answer:
(a) Smooth muscle

Question 9.
Bone cells are called as-
(a) Neurons
(b) Epithelial cells
(c) Osteoblasts
(d) Chondrocytes
Answer:
(c) Osteoblasts

Question 10.
Cartilage is the –
(a) Lose connective tissue
(b) Dense connective tissue
(c) Areolar connective tissue
(d) Specialized connective tissue
Answer:
(d) Specialized connective tissue

Question 11.
Salivary gland is –
(a) Unicellular, glandular cells
(b) Multicellular, glandular cells
(c) Unicellular, sensory cells
(d) Multicellular, sensory cells
Answer:
(c) Unicellular, sensory cells

Question 12.
lines gall bladder.
(a) ciliated epithelium
(b) columnar epithelium
(c) non – ciliated epithelium
(d) pseudostratified epithel lurn
Answer:
(c) non – ciliated epithelium

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 13.
Dry epidermis of the skin is formed as –
(a) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(b) non – keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
(c) stratified cuboidal epithelium
(d) stratified columnar epithelium
Answer:
(a) keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14.
The walls of the Bronchial tubes have –
(a) Dense irregular connective tissues
(b) Reticular connective tissue
(c) elastic connective tissue
(d) Adipose tissue
Answer:
(c) elastic connective tissue

Question 15.
Bones have –
(a) Osteocytes
(b) Fibroblasts
(c) Adipocytes
(d) Myofibrils
Answer:
(c) Adipocytes

II. Answer the following Questions

Question 1.
Why are tissues known as the structural organisation of the body?
Answer:
With a particular ratio and shape, the tissues united to form an organ system. Hence tissues are known as the structural organisation of the body. (Eg.) Heart, Stomach, Kidneys.

Question 2.
What is the study of tissues called?
Answer:
Histology.

Question 3.
Differentiate Simple epithelium and compound epithelium.
Answer:
Epithelial tissue – Outer covering
Connective tissue – Support
Muscle tissue – Movement
Nervous tissue – Control

Question 4.
What are junctions? What are its types? What are its uses?
Answer:
All cells of the epithelium are held together with little intercellular material. These are called junctions.
Types:
1. Tight junctions: It helps to stop substances from leaking across a tissue.

2. Adhering junctions: It helps in cementing to keep neighboring cells together.

3. Gap junctions: It facilitates the cells to communicate with each other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells for rapid transfer of ions and small molecules.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 5.
Distinguish between exocrine glands and endocrine glands.
Answer:
Exocrine glands:

  • These glands release their products through ducts.
  • These secrete mucous, saliva, ear wax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes, etc. e.g., salivary glands

Endocrine glands:

  • These are ductless gland and their secretions are released directly into the blood.
  • These secrete hormones, e.g., the Pituitary gland

Question 6.
Classify multicellular exocrine glands based on their structure.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 7.
Classify exocrine glands based on mode of secretion.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 8.
Give short notes on nerve tissue.
Answer:

  • The neuron is the unit of the nervous system. It is composed of 2 parts cell body and axon. There are excitable cells and neuroglial cells.
  • The neuroglial cells protect and support the neurons. Neuroglia makes up more than one-half of the volume of neural tissue in our body.

Question 9.
Classify compound epithelium.
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 10.
Write a short note on specialized junctions of epithelia.
Answer:
All cells of epithelia are held together with little intercellular material forming specialized junctions. These provide structural and functional links between the cells. Three types of cell junctions, tight, adhering and gap junctions are found in animal tissues.

Tight junctions help to stop substances from leaking across the tissue. Adhering junctions cement the neighbouring cells together. Gap junctions facilitate the transfer of ions, small and big molecules between the adjoining cells by connecting the cytoplasm of these cells.

Question 11.
Write a short note on connective tissue.
Answer:
Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm. Proper, cartilage, bones and blood are the four main classes of connective tissues. Binding, support, protection, insulation and transportation of substances are the major functions of connective tissue.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 12.
What are the types of proper connective tissues?
Answer:
Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissues.

Question 13.
Write a short note on loose connective tissues.
Answer:
In this tissue, the cells and fibres are loosely arranged in semifluid ground substances, e.g., fibroblasts, macrophages, fat cells and mast cells. Areolar connective tissue present beneath the skin acts as a support framework for epithelium. It acts as a reservoir of water and salts for the surrounding body tissues. Hence, these are called tissue fluids.

Adipose tissue is similar to areolar tissue in structure and function. It is located beneath the skin, surrounding the kidneys, eyeball, heart, etc. Adipocytes store fat. It is called white fat. The adipose tissue which contains a lot of mitochondria is called brown fat or brown adipose tissue. Reticular connective tissue is filled with fibroblasts called reticular cells. These cells store fats and excess nutrients.

Question 14.
Distinguish between tendons and ligaments.
Answer:
Tendons:
Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones

Ligaments:
Ligaments attach one bone to another.

Question 15.
Explain specialized connective tissues.
Answer:
Cartilage: The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable and resists compression. Cells of cartilage (chondrocytes) are enclosed in small cavities within the matrix secreted by them. Cartilage is present in the tip of nose, outer ear joints, ear pinna, between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs, and hands-on adults.

Bones: Bones have a hard and non-pliable ground substance rich in calcium salts and collagen fibres. Bones support and protect softer tissues and organs. Osteoblasts are present in the spaces called lacunae.

Blood: It is the fluid connective tissue. It contains RBCs, WBCs, and platelets. It functions as a transport medium for nutrients, wastes, and respiratory gases.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation

Question 16.
What is meant by loose connective tissue? What are its types and uses?
Answer:
In this tissue, the cells and fibers are loosely arranged in semi-fluid ground substances.

Types:

  1. Areolar connective tissue: It acts as a support framework for epithelium and acts as a reservoir of water and salts for the surrounding body tissues.
  2. Composition: Fibroblasts macrophages mast cells.
  3. Adipose tissue: It is called fat cells. It is composed of an adipocyte.

Uses:

  • They store fats and stored in tissues. Reticular connective tissue:
  • It resembles areolar connective tissue. It is filled with fibroblasts.
  • It forms an internal framework that supports the blood cells in the lymph nodes spleen and bone marrow.

Question 17.
Write a note on neural tissue.
Answer:

  • Neurons are units of the neural system. The neuroglial cells protect and support the neurons.
  • Neurons transmit sensations as electric impulses.

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