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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Social Science Civics Solutions Chapter 3 Human Rights
Human Rights Textual Exercise
I. Choose the correct answer.
Question 1.
‘Apartheid’ was followed by
(a) South Sudan
(b) South Africa
(c) Nigeria
(d) Egypt
Answer:
(b) South Africa
Question 2.
…….. right exercises in the formation and administration of a government.
(a) Social
(b) Economic
(c) Political
(d) Cultural
Answer:
(c) Political
Question 3.
A 10 year old boy is working in a shop. Which right can you use to recover him?
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right against child labour exploitation
(d) Right to freedom of Religion
Answer:
(c) Right against child labour exploitation
Question 4.
Which one of the following rights has increased the influence of the people over bureaucracy?
(a) Right to equality
(b) Right to information
(c) Right to education
(d) Right to freedom
Answer:
(b) Right to information
Question 5.
What is the time limit to get the information from RTI Act 2005?
(a) 20 days
(b) 25 days
(c) 30 days
(d) 35 days
Answer:
(c) 30 days
Question 6.
…….. right was removed from the fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment.
(a) Right to own (or) sell property
(b) Right to freedom of religion
(c) Child labour and right against exploitation
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Child labour and right against exploitation
Question 7.
Which of the following statements are true?
(i) The state Human Rights commission was established in 1993.
(ii) It has the power of a civil count.
(iii) It’s power extend beyond the state.
(iv) It can also recommend compensation to victims.
(a) (i) and (ii) are true
(b) (i) and (iii) are true
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are true
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are true
Answer:
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are true
Question 8.
Consider the following statements.
Assertions (A): Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin.
Reason (R): We have a right to freedom of religions. We have to promote harmony and the spirit of the people of other religions.
(a) both A and R are correct and R explains A
(b) both A and R are correct but R does not explain A
(c) A is correct but R is false
(d) A is false but R is correct
Answer:
(a) both A and R are correct and R explains A
Question 9.
According to the UNO a child is a person who has not completed the age of …….. years.
(a) 12
(b) 14
(c) 16
(d) 18
Answer:
(d) 18
Question 10.
Kailash Satyarthi and Malala have been awarded Nobel Prize for
(a) Literature
(b) Peace
(c) Physics
(d) Economics
Answer:
(b) Peace
II. Fill in the blanks.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted on ……….
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Contains …….. articles.
- The Fundamental Duties were incorporated in the Constitution by ……… Amendment Act.
- The National Human Rights Commission was established on ………..
- ……… act came into effect on 1st April 2010.
- Indian state to implement women ancestral property Act in 1989 was ………..
- The Civil Rights movement in the United State was initiated by ……….
Answers:
- 10th December 1948
- 30
- 42nd
- 12th October 1993
- Right to Education
- Hindu Succession Act
- Rosa Parks
III. Match the following:
Answers:
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (d)
IV. Give short answers.
Question 1.
What is Human Right?
Answer:
The U.N.O defines Human rights as “The right inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Everyone is entitled to these rights without discrimination.”
Question 2.
What are the fundamental rights?
Answer:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights for minorities
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
Question 3.
What are the Child Rights define by the UNO?
Answer:
The UNO adopted the Rights of the child on 20th November 1989. They are
- Right to life
- Right to the family environment
- Right to Education
- Right to benefit from Social security
- Right against sexual exploitation
- Right against sale or trafficking
- Right against other forms of exploitation like Child labour.
Question 4.
Write a short note on the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are guaranteed by the Constitution. By this right, a person can adopt Constitutional means and approach a court if he is denied the Fundamental Rights. The court then issues orders which are called ‘Writs’ to the government to restore the rights to the citizen. The Constitutional Remedies put to right anything which may be wrong in terms of the Constitution. This right, therefore, protects and safeguards all other rights.
Question 5.
Define: POCSO
Answer:
- POCSO is the Right against sexual exploitation.
- The state should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse when they are forced or persuaded to take part in Sexual activities physically or mentally.
- POCSO Act – Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act was passed in 2012.
- It regards the best interest of the child as being of paramount importance at every stage.
Question 6.
Why do children need special attention?
Answer:
- Children are considered to be future citizens and an asset to a nation.
- They should be brought up with warmth and by nurturing their interest.
- The children when loved and appreciated, realizes their value.
- This makes the child feel secured and develops self-esteem.
- Eventually, the child is ready to face challenges in life with a positive attitude.
Question 7.
What are the contributions to labourers by B.R. Ambedkar?
Answer:
Dr.B.R. Ambedkar’s contribution to labourers.
- Reduction in Factory Working Hours (8 hours a day)
- Compulsory Recognition of Trade Unions
- Employment Exchange in India
- Employees State Insurance (ESI)
- Minimum Wages
- Coal and Mica Mines Provident Fund
Question 8.
‘All are equal before the law’. But we have enacted a separate law for women – Justify.
Answer:
- The National Commission for Women (NCW) is constituted in India to review the Constitutional and legal safeguards for women.
- Recommends remedial measures.
- Advises the government on all matters of policy affecting the welfare and development of women in the country.
- Women’s rights under the Constitution of India mainly include equality, dignity, and freedom from discrimination.
Question 9.
Write about the Right against exploitation.
Answer:
(a) Right against exploitation is a fundamental right for every citizen.
(b) It is against the law to employ children below 14 years of age in mines, factories or other occupations. Neither contractor nor an employer can force a worker to do a job against their will.
(c) Children are subjected to sale or trafficking for various reasons – economic exploitation, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, drug trafficking, and child labour.
(d) The state should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse when they are forced or persuaded to take part in sexual activities physically or mentally.
Question 10.
Differentiate Fundamental Rights and Human Rights.
Answer:
Fundamental Rights | Human Rights |
The elemental rights of the citizens of a country, which are listed in the constitution and enforceable under the law is known as fundamental rights. | The rights that a human being deserves to survive with respect and freedoms. |
Fundamental rights include only those rights which are basic to a normal life. | Human rights include those rights which are basic to real life and are absolute, i.e. it cannot be taken away. |
Fundamental rights are guaranteed under the constitution of the country. | Human rights are recognised at the international level. |
V. Answer in Detail.
Question 1.
Write a paragraph about UDHR.
Answer:
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a milestone document in the history of human rights.
- The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 1 Oth December 1948.
- This is the first time it sets out the fundamental human rights to be universally protected and the UDHR has been translated into many languages.
- There are 30 articles in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- It guarantees freedom of expression as well as civil, political, social, economic, and cultural rights.
- These rights apply to all people, irrespective of their race, gender, and nationality, as all people are born free and equal.
Question 2.
What are the fundamental duties? How would you follow these in your school premises?
Answer:
These were incorporated in the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976. The
Constitution states eleven Fundamental Duties as given below:
- Respect for the Constitution and its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
- To follow and cherish the noble ideals which inspired our National Struggle for freedom.
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
- To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- To promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic, regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
- To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
- To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and have compassion for living creatures.
- To develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- To safeguard public property and to abjure from violence.
- To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievements.
- To provide opportunities for education by the parent and guardian to their child or ward upto the age of 14 years.
Question 3.
How does the National Human Rights Commission protect our rights?
Answer:
The National Human Rights Commission is an autonomous body constituted in 1993. It consists of a chairman and few other members. The National Human Rights Commission protects our rights in the following ways.
- To inquire into the violation of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant
- To intervene in court proceedings relating to human rights
- To undertake and promote research in the field of human rights
- To engage in human rights education among various sections of society
- To encourage the effects of NGOs and institutions working in the field of human rights.
Question 4.
What are the benefits for workers provided by labour law?
Answer:
- Reduction in Factory Working Hours (8 hours a day)
- Compulsory Recognition of Trade Unions
- Employment Exchange in India
- Employees State Insurance (ESI)
- Minimum Wages
- Coal and Mica Mines Provident Fund
Women Labourers’ Welfare and Ambedkar Dr. B.R. Ambedkar framed many laws for women workers in India such as the ‘Mines Maternity Benefit Act’, ‘Women Labour Welfare Fund’, ‘Women and Child Labour Protection Act’, ‘Maternity Benefit for Women Labour’, and ‘Restoration of Ban on Employment of Women on Underground Work in Coal Mines’.
Question 5.
How do you enjoy the fundamental rights in your life?
Answer:
- Right to Equality assures equality before law and equal protection of law. Prohibition or discrimination on the grounds of religion, caste, races, gender or place of birth is offensive.
- Right to Freedom assures Freedom of speech and expression, Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms, Freedom to form associations and unions, Freedom to reside and settle in any part of India, Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India and Freedom to practice any profession and carry on any occupation, trade or business.
- Right against Exploitation protects the child below 14 years of age from getting employed in mines, factories or other occupations.
- Right to Freedom of Conscience and Religion gives us the freedom to follow and practice a religion of our choice.
- Through Cultural and Educational Rights the Constitution gives us the right to preserve,
protect and promote culture. We have the right to open schools, associations and societies to preserve and promote our tradition and culture. - Right to Constitutional Remedies protects and safeguards all other rights.
VI. Project and Activity
Question 1.
How do you protect yourself from child abuse/sexual exploitation and trafficking?
Answer:
You can do this activity under the guidance of your teacher.
Question 2.
Write an article titled “My country, My Rights”.
Answer:
You can do this activity under the guidance of your teacher.
Human Rights Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct answer.
Question 1.
UDHR has played a crucial role in promoting
(a) Individual Rights
(b) Human Rights
(c) Fundamental Rights
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Human Rights
Question 2.
NCW was constituted to safeguard
(a) Students
(b) Women
(c) Labourers
(d) Children
Answer:
(b) Women
Question 3.
Fundamental duties were incorporated in the Indian Constitution in the year
(a) 1976
(b) 1980
(c) 1975
(d) 1950
Answer:
(a) 1976
Question 4.
Which of the following statements are true?
Answer:
(i) The general explanations of Human Rights by UDHR is not a legally binding document.
(ii) UDHR has a political and moral importance.
(a) (i) is correct (ii) is wrong
(b) (i) is wrong (ii) is correct
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) are wrong
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
Answer:
(d) Both (i) and (ii) are correct
II. Fill in the blanks.
- In 1994 ……… became the President of South Africa.
- UNO was established in the year ……
- Political rights are given to the citizens by ……….
- Protection and promotion of human rights is India in the responsibility of ……….
- The written order from the court or other legal authority is called a ………..
Answers:
- Nelson Mandela
- 1945
- Law
- NHRC
- Writ
III. Match the following
Answers:
1. (b)
2. (e)
3. (a)
4. (b)
IV. Give short answers.
Question 1.
What are Extended rights?
Answer:
The Child rights, SC and ST rights, Women rights, Right to Information Act (RTI), and Labour laws come under Extended rights.
Question 2.
Which incident changed the course of Gandhi’s life?
Answer:
- M.K. Gandhi was evicted from a first-class compartment on the night of 7th June 1893.
- This incident changed the course of his life.
- He took up the fight against racial oppression.
- His active non-violence started from that date.
Question 3.
Write a note on Nelson Mandela.
Answer:
Nelson Mandela raised his voice against Apartheid. When he organised defiant campaigns against the government, he was imprisoned. He was released in 1990 by President F. W. de Klerk: The efforts taken by Mandela and de Klerk put an end to apartheid. In 1994, a general election was held and Nelson Mandela, the leader of the African National Congress, became President.
Question 4.
What does the term Civil rights refer to?
Answer:
The term ‘ Civil rights’ refers to the basic rights afforded by laws of the government.
It is guaranteed to every person regardless of race, nationality, colour, gender, age, religion etc.
Question 5.
What is NHRC?
Answer:
The National Human Right Commission (NHRC) is an autonomous body constituted on 12th October 1993 under the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It consists of a chairman and few other members. NHRC is responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in India. The Act defines the right relating to life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the international covenants.
V. Answer in detail.
Question 1.
What are the functions of SHRC?
Answer:
The functions of SHRC are,
- The SHRC shall enquire into violation of human rights in respect of matters specified in the state and concurrent lists.
- Its objectives and duties are the same as NHRC but confined only to the state. It has a chairman and two members.
- It has the power of a civil court, and can take cognizance of cases if received.
- It can also recommend compensation to victims.
Question 2.
Explain Child Rights.
Answer:
Child Rights are,
(a) Right to life:
- A child has the right to survive even before its birth.
- The right to survival also includes the right to be born, the right to basic needs of food, shelter and clothing and a dignified living.
(b) Right to Family Environment:
- A child has the right to live a normal childhood in a family environment.
- Children who have been left destitute, abandoned or orphaned also have the right to live.
- These children can be given for adoption to caring families.
(c) Right to Education:
Right to Education Act is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted in 2009 for free and compulsory education for children from 6 to 14 years of age as under Article 21 A of the Constitution.
(d) Right against sale or trafficking:
- Children should be treated as individuals with fundamental human rights.
- Children are subj eCted to sale or trafficking for various reasons like economic exploitation, sexual exploitation, sexual abuse, drug trafficking and child labour.
(e) Right against sexual exploitation:
- The state should protect children from sexual exploitation and abuse.
- POCSO Act- Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act in 2012.