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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 23 Economic Biology
Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Economic Biology Textbook Exercises
I. Choose the correct answer.
Question 1.
The production and management of fish is called ……………..
(a) Pisciculture
(b) Sericulture
(c) Aquaculture
(d) Monoculture
Answer:
(a) Pisciculture
Question 2.
Which one of the following is not an exotic breed of cow?
(a) Jersey
(b) Holstein-Friesan
(c) Sahiwal
(d) Brown Swiss
Answer:
(c) Sahiwal
Question 3.
Which one of the following is an Italian species of honey bee?
(a) Apis mellifera
(b) Apis dorsata
(c) Apis florae
(d) Apis Cerana
Answer:
(a) Apis mellifera
Question 4.
Which one of the following is not an Indian major carp?
(a) Rohu
(b) Catla
(c) Mrigal
(d) Singhara
Answer:
(d) Singhara
Question 5.
Drones in the honey bee colony are formed from
(a) unfertilized egg
(b) fertilized egg
(c) parthenogenesis
(d) both b and c
Answer:
(b) fertilized egg
Question 6.
Which of the following is an high milk yielding variety of cow?
(a) Holstein- Friesan
(b) Dorset
(c) Sahiwal
(d) Red Sindhi
Answer:
(a) Holstein- Friesan
Question 7.
Which Indian variety of honey bee is commonly used for apiculture?
(a) Apis dorsata
(b) Apis florea
(c) Apis mellifera
(d) Apis indica
Answer:
(d) Apis indica
Question 8.
………………. is the method of growing plants without soil.
(a) Horticulture
(b) Hydroponics
(c) Pomology
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Hydroponics
Question 9.
The symbiotic association of fungi and vascular plants is …………………….
(a) Lichen
(b) Rhizobium
(c) Mycorhizae
(d) Azotobacter
Answer:
(c) Mycorhizae
Question 10.
The plant body of mushroom is …………………….
(a) Spawn
(b) Mycelium
(c) Leaf
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Leaf
II. Fill in the blanks.
Question 11.
Quinine drug is obtained from ……………….
Answer:
Cinchona officinalis
Question 12.
Carica papaya leaf can cure …………….. disease.
Answer:
Apiculture
Question 13.
Vermicompost is a type of soil made by ………………. and microorganisms.
Answer:
earthworms
Question 14
……………….. refers to the culture of prawns, pearl and edible oysters.
Answer:
Aquaculture
Question 15.
The largest member in a honey bee haive is the …………………..
Answer:
F
Question 16
……………… is a preservative in honey.
Answer:
Formic acid
Question 17
…………………. is the method of culturing different variety of fish in a water body.
Answer:
Polyculture
III. State whether true or false, If false, correct the given statement.
- Mycorrhiza is an algae – False.
Correct Statement: Mycorrhiza is a fungi - Milch animals are used in agriculture and transport – False.
Correct Statement: Milch animals are domesticated for obtaining only milk. - Apisflorea is a rock bee – False.
Correct Statement: Apis Florea is a little bee - Ongole is an exotic breed of cattle – False.
Correct Statement: Ongole is a dual-purpose breed of cattle - Sheep manure contains high nutrients than farmyard manure – True.
IV. Differentiate the following
Question 1.
Exotic breed and Indigenous breed.
Answer:
Exotic breed | Indigenous breed |
Exotic breeds are imported from foreign countries | Indigenous breed are native to India |
These foreign breeds are selected for long lactation periods. | These local breed show excellent resistance to diseases. |
Example: Jersey, Brown Swiss and Holstein-Friesian | Example: Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Deoni and Gir. |
Question 2.
Pollen and Nectar
Answer:
Pollen | Nectar |
Pollen is a fine to a coarse powdery substance comprising pollen grains which are male microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce male gametes | It is a sweet viscous secretion secreted by the flower of plants. |
Question 3.
Shrimp and Prawn
Answer:
Shrimp | Prawn |
Shrimp has lamellar gills. | Prawns have branching gills. |
Shrimp have claws on two of their five pairs of legs. | Prawns have claws on three of their five pairs of legs. |
Question 4.
Farmyard manure and Sheep manure
Answer:
Farmyard manure | Sheep manure |
Well decomposed farmyard manure contains 0.5% Nitrogen, 0.2% available phosphate and 0.5% available potash. | It contains 3% Nitrogen, 1% phosphorus pentoxide and 2% potassium oxide. |
V. Match the following.
Column A | . Column B | |
1. | Lobsters | (a) Marine fish |
2. | Catla | (.b) Pearl |
3. | Sea bass | (c) Shellfish |
4. | Oysters | (d) Paddy |
5 | Pokkali | (.e) Finfish |
6 | Pleurotus sps | (J) Psoriasis |
7 | Sarpagandha | (g) Oyster mushroom |
8 | Olericulture | (h) Reserpine |
9 | Wrightatinctoria | (0 Vegetable farming |
Answer:
- (c) Shellfish
- (e) Finfish
- (a) Marine fish
- (b) Pearl
- (d) Paddy
- (g) Oyster mushroom
- (h) Reserpine
- (i) Vegetable farming
- (f) Psoriasis
VI. Answer in brief.
Question 1.
What are the secondary metabolites?
Answer:
Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by bacteria, fungi, (or) plants which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of the organism.
Question 2.
What are the types of the vegetable gardens?
Answer:
Vegetable farming can be classified into:
- Kitchen or Nutrition gardening,
- Commercial gardening,
- Vegetable forcing.
Question 3.
Mention any two mushroom preservation methods.
Answer:
We can preserve mushrooms in any of the following methods:
- Freezing
- Drying
- Canning
- Vacuum Cooling
- Gamma radiation and storing at 15°C.
Question 4.
Enumerate the advantages of vermicompost over chemical fertiliser.
Answer:
- It is a rich source of nutrients essential for plant growth. It makes the soil fertile.
- It improves soil structure, texture, aeration and water holding capacity and helps to prevent soil erosion.
- It contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and growth regulator substances for increasing the growth, vigour and yield of plants.
- It enhances the decomposition of organic matter in soil.
- Vermicompost is free from pathogens and toxic elements.
- Vermicompost is rich in beneficial microflora.
Question 5.
What are the species of earthworm used for vermiculture?
Answer:
Earthworms for vermicompost:
- Indian blue worm (Perionyx excavatus)
- Redworms (Eisenia fetida)
- African nightcrawler (Eudfilus eugeniae)
Question 6.
List the medicinal importance of honey.
Answer:
Uses of Honey
- Honey has an antiseptic and antibacterial property. It is a blood purifier.
- It helps in building up of haemoglobin content in the blood.
- It is used in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines.
- It prevents cough, cold, fever and relieves sore throat.
- It is a remedy for ulcers of tongue, stomach and intestine.
- It enhances digestion and appetite.
VII. Answer in detail.
Question 1.
Enumerate the advantage of hydroponics.
Answer:
Hydroponics is the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in water.
The Advantages of Hydroponics:
- Conservation of water and nutrients.
- Controlled plant growth.
- In deserts and Arctic regions, hydroponics can be an effective alternative method.
Question 2.
Define Mushroom culture. Explain the mushroom cultivation methods.
Answer:
Mushroom cultivation: It is a technology of growing mushrooms using plant, animal, and industrial waste.
Major stages of Mushroom cultivation :
(1) Composting:
Preparation:
- Mix paddy straw with cow dung and inorganic fertilizers.
- Keep at 50°C for one week.
(2) Spawning: Spawn is the mushroom seed
Preparation: Growing fungal mycelium in grains under sterile conditions. Spawn is sown on the compost.
(3) Casing:
Compost is covered with a thin layer of soil to support the growth of mushrooms through humidity and helps with temperature regulation.
(4) Pinning:
- Mycelium starts to form little buds (pins)
- These little white buds develop into mushrooms.
(5) Harvesting:
- Temperature: 15°C – 23°C.
- The mushroom grows 3cm in a week.
- After 3 weeks, they can “be harvested.
Question 3.
What are the sources of organic resources for vermicomposting?
Answer:
Materials required for vermicomposting
Biologically degradable organic wastes are used as potential organic resources for vermicomposting. They are:
- Agricultural wastes (crop residue, vegetable waste, sugarcane trash)
- Crop residues (rice straw, tea wastes, cereal and pulse residues, rice husk, tobacco wastes, coir wastes)
- Leaf litter
- Fruit and vegetable wastes
- Animal wastes (cattle dung, poultry droppings, pig slurry, goat and sheep droppings)
- Biogas slurry
Question 4.
Give an account of different types of fish ponds used for rearing fishes.
Answer:
Different types of Ponds
1. Breeding ponds: Healthy and sexually mature male and female fishes are collected and introduced in the pond for breeding.
2. Hatchling ponds: The fertilized eggs are transferred from breeding ponds to hatchling pits for hatching.
Two types of pits:
- Hatcheries
- Hatching hapas.
3. Nursery ponds: Hatchings are transferred from hatching pits after 2 to 7days. The hatchlings grow into fry and are cultured for about 60 days with proper feeding till they reach 2 – 2.5cm in length.
4. Rearing ponds: The fish fry is transferred from nursery pond to rearing ponds and are maintained for about three months till they reach 10 to 15 cm in length.
5. Stocking pond (or Culture pond or Production pond): These ponds are used to rear fingerlings upto marketable size. A pond is manured with organic manure and inorganic fertilizers.
Question 5.
Classify the different breeds of cattle with suitable examples.
Answer:
Cattle breeds
The Indian cattle include cows and buffaloes. They are domesticated for milk, meat, leather and transportation. They belong to two different species, Bos indicus (Indian cows and bulls) and Bos bubalis (buffaloes). These cattle animals are reared for milk and farm labour. They are classified into three types:
- Dairy breeds,
- Draught (or) Draft breeds,
- Dual-purpose breeds
Dairy breeds:
Dairy animals are domesticated for obtaining milk. The cows (milk producing females) are high milk yielders (milch animals). The dairy breeds may be indigenous breeds (or) exotic breeds.
- Indigenous breeds are native of India. They include Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Deoni and Gir. These cattle are well built with strong limbs, prominent hump and loose skin. These local breed animals show excellent resistant to diseases.
- The exotic breeds (Bos taurus) are imported from foreign countries. They include Jersey, Brown Swiss and Holstein-Friesian etc. These foreign breeds are selected for long lactation periods. The Indian (local) breeds and foreign breeds can be cross bred to produce animals with both desired qualities.
Draught (or) Draft breeds:
They are used for agricultural work, such as tilling, irrigation and carting. These include Amritmahal, Kangayam, Umblachery, Malvi, Siri and Hallikar breeds. Bullocks are good draft animals while the cows are poor milk yielders.
Dual-purpose breeds:
These breeds provide milk and they are useful for farm work. In India these breeds are favoured by farmers as the cows are fairly good milk yielders and bullocks are good for draught work. They includes Haryana, Ongole, Kankrej and Tharparkar.
Buffalo breeds:
In India, buffaloes are domesticated in great number. They are the main milk producers. The milk production of buffaloes is more than that of cows. Murrah, Mehsana and Surti are indigenous buffalo breeds which are good milk yielders.
VIII. Higher Order Thinking Skills.
Question 1.
Biomanuring plays an important role in agriculture. Justify
Answer:
Biomanure also known as organic manures, are predominantly derived from plant debris, animal faeces and microbes. They make the soil fertile by adding nutrients like nitrogen. They are eco-friendly. Biomanure is easy to generate and very economical. Some examples of bio manure are Animal manure, Vermicompost, and Green Manure.
Question 2.
Each beehive consists of hexagonal cells. Name the material in which the cell is formed and mention the significance of the hexagonal cells.
Answer:
The cell is formed in a sheet of wax. The hexagonal shape allows to hold the queen bee’s eggs and store the pollen and honey the worker bees bring to the hive.
Activity
Question 1.
Discuss in your classroom the importance of crop insurance to farmers.
Answer:
In agriculture, there are risks beyond one’s control. Hence precautionary measures are to be considered to control the damage faced by farmers. Farmers who take crop insurance protect their crops and families from unforeseen setbacks.
The advantages of crop insurance are
- Stability in Income
- Minimal Debts
- Farmers can safely invest in new technological advancements to improve their crop production.
- Protection against loss of crops
- Provides Awareness on natural calamities and the preventive measures to be taken
Question 2.
Collect at least five medicinal plants from your locality. Identify the plant and try to find out its medicinal value.
Answer:
Students can perform this activity under the guidance of the class teacher.
Question 3.
Visit a fish farm during the breeding season near your locality and collect information.
Answer:
Students can perform this activity under the guidance of the class teacher.
Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Economic Biology Additional Questions
I. Choose the correct answer.
Question 1.
………………. is a branch of agriculture that deals with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables and
ornamental plants.
(a) Floriculture
(b) Horticulture
(c) Olericulture
(d) Mariculture
Answer:
(b) Horticulture
Question 2.
……………….. is growing of vegetables in small scale in households.
(a) Vegetable farming
(b) Flower farming
(c) Kitchen gardening
(d) Vegetable forcing
Answer:
(c) Kitchen gardening
Question 3.
Which one of the following is an African species of a Honey bee?
(a) Apis florae
(b) Apis indica
(c) Apis mellifera
(d) Apis adamsoni
Answer:
(d) Apis adamsoni
Question 4.
Which one of the following is not an indigenous a cow?
(a) Sahiwal
(b) Jersey
(c) Red Sindhi
(d) Deoni
Answer:
(b) Jersey
Question 5.
……………… involves raising of cattle for milk production.
(a) Dairy farming
(b) Drying
(c) Freezing
(d) Canning
Answer:
(a) Dairy farming
Question 6.
………………. are low in fibre and contain high level of carbohydrates, protein and other nutrients.
(a) Cattle feed
(b) Roughage
(c) Concentrates
(d) Feed management
Answer:
(c) Concentrates
Question 7.
The ………………. contain the young stages of the honey bees and they are built in the center
and lower part of the comb.
(a) brood cells
(b) storage cells
(c) drone chamber
(d) queen chamber
Answer:
(a) brood cells
Question 8.
………………….. feeds on organic wastes.
(a) Bees
(b) Earthworms
(c) Prawns
(d) Cattle
Answer:
(b) Earthworms
II. Fill in the blanks.
- ………………. is the science of growing vegetables.
- Compost is a ……………….. as well as a fertilizer which is rich in nutrients.
- …………….. is a small bacterium that colonize the roots of leguminous plants to form root nodules.
- Application of ……………… has been found to increase the yield of wheat, rice, maize, and sorghum.
- Mycelium starts to form little bud which develops into a ……………..
- Compost for mushroom cultivation is prepared by mixing ………………… with a number of organic materials like cow dung and inorganic fertilizers.
Answer:
- Olericulture
- soil conditioner
- Rhizobium
- Azotobacter
- mushroom
- paddy straw
III. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, write the correct statement.
- Vermicomposting is the rearing of earthworms for the production of vermicompost – True
- Pasturage is the production of fruits – False.
Correct Statement: Pasturage is the availability of flowers to bees for nectar and pollen collection. - Binomial name of Nilavembu is Leucas aspera – False.
Correct Statement: Binomial name of Nilavembu is Andrographis paniculata. - Mariculture is the culture of fishes and another aquatic organism in marine water near the sea coast – True
- Operation flood programme is based on dairy commodity to increase milk supply in urban areas – True.
IV. Match column A with column B.
S.No. | Column A | Column C | |
1. | Tulsi | a. | Wrightia tinctoria |
2. | Nannari | b | Cathyranthus roseus |
3. | Vepalai | c | Eucalyptus globulus |
4 | Cinjona maram | d | Hemidesmus indicus |
5 | Nithya kalyani | e | Cinchona officinalis |
6 | Thaila maram | f | Ocimum sanctum |
Answer:
S.No. | Column A | Column C | |
1. | Tulsi | a. | Ocimum sanctum |
2. | Nannari | b | Hemidesmus indicus |
3. | Vepalai | c | Wrightia tinctoria |
4 | Cinjona maram | d | Cinchona officinalis |
5 | Nithya kalyani | e | Cathyranthus roseus |
6 | Thaila maram | f | Eucalyptus globulus |
V. Differentiate the following.
Question 1.
Marine water prawn culture and Freshwater prawn culture
Answer:
Marine water prawn culture | Freshwater prawn culture |
The rearing of marine penaeid prawn is called marine prawn culture or shrimp culture. | The rearing of freshwater prawn is called freshwater prawn culture. |
Question 2.
Extensive fish culture and Intensive fish culture
Answer:
Extensive fish culture | Intensive fish culture |
Culture of fishes in large areas with low stocking density and natural feeding. | Culture of fishes in small areas with high stocking density and providing artificial feed to increase production. |
Question 3.
Storage cells and Brood cells
Answer:
Storage cells | Brood cells |
The storage cells contain honey and pollen. | The brood cells contain the young stages of the honey bees. |
They are built in the margin and at the top of the comb. | They are built in the centre and the lower part of the comb. |
VI. Answer in brief.
Question 1.
Who is the Father of Indian medicines?
Answer:
Ayurveda | Charaka Samhita |
Yoga | Patanjali |
Unani | Hippocrates |
Siddha | Agasthya |
Homeopathy | Samuel Hahnemann |
Question 2.
What is Landscape gardening?
Answer:
Landscape horticulture is the study of designing and constructing landscapes in homes, v business firms, and public areas.
Question 3.
What are the types of aquaculture?
Answer:
Aquaculture is classified into
- Freshwater aquaculture
- Brackish water aquaculture
- Marine water aquaculture (Mariculture)
Question 4.
What is aquaponics?
Answer:
Aquaponics is a system of a combination of conventional aquaculture with hydroponics in a symbiotic environment in which plants are fed with the aquatic animal’s excreta or wastes.
Question 5.
List the important points about prawns.
Answer:
- Prawn is an important shellfish, a resource of India.
- Prawns are crustaceans inhibiting fresh marine and shallow waters.
- They are a cherished delicacy due to their great taste.
Question 6.
Write a note on the nutritional value of fishes.
Answer:
Cultivable freshwater and marine food fishes are highly nutritious, rich sources of animal proteins and are easily digestible. They are rich in essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine, minerals like calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Fat-soluble vitamins A, D and water-soluble B-complex vitamins like pyridoxine, cyanocobalamine and niacin ate found in fishes. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which are helpful in the regulation of cholesterol are present in plenty in fishes and thus promote cardiac health.
VII. Answer in detail.
Question 1.
Explain hydroponics and give its importance.
Answer:
Hydroponics is the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in water. The containers are made of glass, metal or plastic. They range in size from small pots for individual plants to huge tank for large scale growing. It was demonstrated by a German Botanist Julius Von Sachs in 1980. Hydroponics is successfully employed for the commercial production of seedless cucumber and tomato.
Plants are suspended with their roots submerged in water that contain plant nutrients. The roots absorb water and nutrients but do not perform the anchoring function. Therefore, the plants must be mechanically supported from above.
Importance of hydroponics
- Conservation of water and nutrients.
- Controlled plant growth.
- In deserts and Arctic regions hydroponics can be an effective alternative method.
Question 2.
What is aquaculture? Mention the types of aquaculture with its prospects.
Answer:
Aquaculture:
Aquaculture is the rearing .of economically important aquatic organisms like fishes, prawns, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, edible oysters, pearl oysters and seaweeds under con¬trolled and confined environmental conditions using advanced technology.
Type of Aquaculture:
Aquaculture is classified into
- Freshwater aquaculture
- Marine water aquaculture.
Prospects of Aquaculture:
- Aquaculture has become the fastest-growing food-producing sector.
- It is a major source of export after foreign exchange earnings.
- It generates employment through fish farming in rural and underdeveloped areas.
- It increases the food supply and enhances the nutritional status of people.
Question 3.
Explain the methods used for vermicomposting.
Answer:
Vermicomposting methods can range from a wormbin in the kitchen for household scraps to large mechanized systems, which can be able to accommodate tons of organic material. In general, these methods are of the following types:
- Bin (or) Container method
- Vermicomposting of organic wastes in field pits
- Vermicomposting of organic wastes on ground heaps
Bin method:
Vermicomposting by bin method is the rearing of earthworms in a container or bin. The container is half filled with bedding materials such as shredded cardboard, leaves, paddy husk, chopped straw, saw dust and manure. Small quantity of soil and sand is added to provide necessary grit for the worms. The bedding material should be moistened by adding water that enables free movements of the worms. The worms are gently placed and spread evenly on the bedding.
Organic wastes (kitchen wastes, vegetable and fruit wastes) are added which are fed by the earthworms. The bin is covered with coconut leaves or gunny bags to conserve moisture, provide darkness and keep out of pests. After a period of 60 days the wastes are completely transformed into nutrient-rich materials that are excreted by earthworms known as worm castings. These castings are harvested and used as organic manure.
Question 4.
What are concentrates? Why should they be given to cattle?
Answer:
Concentrates are low in fibre and contain high level of carbohydrates, protein and other nutrients. A variety of raw materials such as cholam (jowar), kambu (pearl millet), ragi (finger millet), rice bran, wheat bran, cotton seed cake, mustard cake, linseed cake, groundnut cake, mango seed, neem cake and yellu (sesame) cake can be used to make concentrate feed. The concentrates are fed at the time of milking. This helps in ‘let down’ of milk.
The daily average feed ratio of a milking cow is:
- 15-25 kg of roughage (dry grass and green fodder)
- 4-5 kg of grain mixture
- 100-150 litres of water
For a cow that gives above 2.5 kg milk yield per day, 1 kg of concentrate feed should be given for every additional milk yield.