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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Grammar Preposition
Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front of gerund verbs).
There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is looking them up in a dictionary, reading a lot in English and learning useful phrases by heart.
The following table contains rules for some of the most frequently used prepositions in English:
Prepositions – Place Position And Direction
English | Usage | Example |
in | room, building, street, town, country book, paper car, taxi picture, world | in the kitchen, in Chennai in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world |
into | enter a room / a building | go into the kitchen / the house |
at | meaning next to, by an object for a table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work) | at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work |
on | attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio | the picture on the wall Taj lies on the Yamuna, on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on the plane on TV, on radio |
by, next to, beside | left or right of somebody or something | Jayan is standing by / next to/beside the car. |
under | on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else | the bag is under the table |
below | lower than something else but above ground | the fish are below the surface |
over | covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle | put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall |
above | higher than something else, but not directly over it | a path above the lake |
across | getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side | walk across the bridge swim across the lake |
through | something with limits on top, bottom and the sides | drive through the tunnel |
to | the movement to a person or building movement to a place or country for bed | go to the cinema go to Madurai go to bed |
towards | movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it) | go 5 steps towards the house |
onto | a movement to the top of something | jump onto the table |
from | in the sense of where from | a flower from the garden |
Other Important Prepositions
English | Usage | Example |
from | who gave it | a present from John |
of | who/what does it belong to what does it show | a page of the book the picture of a palace |
by | who made it | a book by Mark Twain |
on | walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle | on foot, on horseback get on the bus |
in | entering a car / Taxi | get in the car |
off | leaving a public transport vehicle | get off the train |
out of | leaving a car / Taxi | get out of the taxi |
by | rise or fall of something traveling (other than walking or horseriding) | prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus |
at | for age | she learned Russian at 15 |
about | for topics, meaning what about | we were talking about you |
on | days of the week | on Monday |
in | months/seasons period of the day year after a certain period of time (when?) | in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour |
at | for night for a weekend a certain point of time (when?) | at night at the weekend at half-past nine |
since | the starting point of time (past till now) | since 1980 |
for | total period/duration of time (past till now) | for 2 years |
ago | a certain time in the past | 2 years ago |
before | earlier than a certain point of time | before 2004 |
to | telling the time | ten to six (5:50) |
past | telling the time | ten past six (6:10) |
to / till / until | marking the beginning and end of a period of time | from Monday to/till Friday |
till /until | in the sense of how long something is going to last | He is on holiday until Friday. |
by | in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time | I will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o’clock, I had read five pages. |
List Of Prepositions
While there are only about 150 prepositions in the English language, these words are among the most important. Without them, the sentences we speak, read, and write would be difficult to understand. The following list of prepositions is not a complete one, however, it is among the most comprehensive lists of prepositions available anywhere.
aboard | before | except | on | towards |
about | behind | excepting | onto | under |
above | below | excluding | opposite | underneath |
absent | beneath | failing | outside | unlike |
across | beside | following | over | until |
after | besides | for | past | up |
against | between | from | per | upon |
along | beyond | given | plus | versus |
alongside | but | in | regarding | via |
amid | by | inside | round | with |
among | circa | into | since | within |
amongst | concerning | like | than | without |
anti | considering | minus | through | worth |
around | despite | near | to | |
as | down | of | toward | |
at | during | off |
1. | in | Place | Chennai is in India. |
Time | He will go in June. | ||
2. | on | Place | The telephone is on the table. |
Time | He will pay the fee on Monday. | ||
3. | at | Place | It is cold at Ooty. |
Time | I get up at 6 a.m. | ||
4. | for | Time | He has been reading for 3 hours. |
with noun | My uncle works for a foreigner. | ||
5. | by | Time | They will finish the work by noon. |
Place | The resort is by the sea coast. | ||
with norm | The order was given by the manager. | ||
6. | from | Time | The clinic works from 9 a.m. |
Place | Mr John is from England. | ||
with noun | We import goods from many lands. | ||
7. | to | Time | You can meet him from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. |
Place | We go to Courtallam in August. | ||
with noun | He sent the request to the Principal. |
Exercises
(i) Fill the gap with the correct prepositions.
1. We live Chennai.
Answer:
in
2. Would you like to go the library?
Answer:
to
3. No, thanks. I was the library yesterday.
Answer:
at
4. We are going a holiday next week.
Answer:
on
5. There is a bridge the river.
Answer:
across
6. The train Chennai Madurai is the station.
Answer:
from, to, in
7. my wall, there are many picture postcards.
Answer:
on
8. Who is the person in this picture?
Answer:
in
9. Come the hall, we shall watch TV.
Answer:
into
10. Elgin lies 530 meters sea level.
Answer:
above
11. The bone was the dog.
Answer:
for
12. We are going on vacation August.
Answer:
on, in
13. Please put the vase the table.
Answer:
on
14. received a present Janaki.
Answer:
from
15. School begins Monday.
Answer:
on
(ii) Complete the exercise with appropriate prepositions.
1. Compare your answers your partner.
Answer:
with
2. This key holder is very special me.
Answer:
for
3. Apples and oranges are the same box.
Answer:
in
4. Write me soon.
Answer:
to
5. Have you got a piece paper?
Answer:
of
6. What’s the calculator for? It is my exam.
Answer:
for
7. I’m tall black hair and brown eyes.
Answer:
with
8. We have a house a big backyard.
9. I come a big family.
Answer:
with
10. Match the pictures the names.
Answer:
from
11. Is your house the country?
Answer:
with
12. Guess what I have my hand?
Answer:
in
13. I have to color pens. what you?
Answer:
about
(iii) Fill in the prepositions.
1. The cat hid the door.
(a) behind (b) under (c) on
Answer:
(a) behind
2. Mv uncle will visit me May.
(a) at (b) in (c) on
Answer:
(b) in
3. Wait there I come.
(a) behind (b) until (c) near
Answer:
(b) until
4. Hang the charts the wall.
(a) in (b) on (c) by
Answer:
(b) on
5. I have been practicing morning.
(a) by (b) for (c) since
Answer:
(c) since
6. The baby has been sleeping for a long time.
(a) for (b) since (c) at
Answer:
(a) for
7. The work will be over this evening.
(a) on (b) by (c) in
Answer:
(b) by
8. We could not get help anyone.
(a) from (b) till (c) in
Answer:
(a) from
9. The ladder is placed the wall.
(a) on (b) upon (c) against
Answer:
(c) against
10. The people stood the road to watch the procession go by.
(a) across (b) along (c) on
Answer:
(b) along