Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 The Post-Mauryan India

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science History Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 The Post-Mauryan India

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science The Post-Mauryan India Textual Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The last Mauryan emperor was killed by
(a) Pushyamitra
(b) Agnimitra
(c) Vasudeva
(d) Narayana
Answer:
(a) Pushyamitra

Question 2.
…………… was the founder of Satavahana dynasty.
(a) Simuka
(b) Satakarani
(c) Kanha
(d) Sivasvati
Answer:
(a) Simuka

Question 3.
was the greatest of all the Kushana emperors.
(a) Kanishka
(c) Kadphises II
(b) Kadphises I
(d) Pan-Chiang
Answer:
(a) Kanishka

Question 4.
The Kantara School of Sanskrit flourished in the …………… during 2nd century BC.
(a) Deccan
(b) north-west India
(c) Punjab
(d) Gangetic Valley
Answer:
(b) north-west India

Question 5.
Sakas ruled over Gandhara region
(a) Sirkap
(b) Taxila
(c) Mathura
(d) Purushpura
Answer:
(a) Sirkap

II. Match the statement with the reason and tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Colonies of Indo-Greeks and Indo-Parthians were established along the north-western part of India.
Reason (R) : The Bactrian and Parthian settlers gradually intermarried anti intermixed with the indigenous population.
a. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is correct but R is not correct.
d. A is not correct but R is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Statement I: Indo-Greek rulers introduced a dying system and produced coins with inscriptions and symbols, engraving figures on them.
Statement II: Indo-Greek rule was ended by the Kushanas.
a. Statement I is wrong, but statement II is correct.
b.Statement II is wrong, but the statement I is correct.
c. Both statements are correct.
d. Both statements are wrong.
Answer:
(b) Statement II is wrong, but statement I is correct

Question 3.
Circle the odd one
Pushyamitra, Vasudeva, Simuka, Kanishka
Reason:

1. All of the three generals assassinated their kings.
2. Kanishka followed Buddhism, whereas the other three rulers were not followers of Buddhism.

Question 4.
Answer the following in a word

1. Who was the last Sunga ruler?
2. Who was the most important and famous king of Sakas?
3. Who established the Kanva dynasty in Magadha?
4. Who converted Gondophemes into Christianity?

Answer:

1. Devabhtu
2. Vasudeva
3. Vasudeva
4. St.Thomas

III. Fill in the blanks :

1. was the founder of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom.
2. In the South, Satavahanas became independent after death.
3. Hala is famous as the author of
4. was the last ruler of the Kanva dynasty
5. Kushana’s later capital was

Answer:

1. Gonduphres
2. Asoka’s
3. Sattasai
4. Susarma
5. Peshawar or Purushpura

IV. State whether True or False

1. Magadha continued to be a great centre of Buddhist culture even after the fall of the Mauryan Empire.
2. We get much information about Kharavela from the Hathigumba inscription.
3. Simuka waged a successful war against Magadha.
4. Buddhacharita was written by Asvaghosha.

Answer:

1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True

V. Match the following :

1. Patanjali -1.Kalinga
2. Agnimitra – 2. Indo-Greek
3. King Kharavela – 3.Indo-Parthians
4. Demetrius – 4. Second grammarian
5. Gondophemes – 5. Malavikagnimitra

Answer:

1. 4
2. 5
3. 1
4. 2
5. 3

VI. Find out the wrong statement from the following

1. The Kushanas formed a section of the yueh-chi tribes who inhabited north-western China.
2. Kanishka made Jainism the state religion and built many monasteries.
3. The Great Stupa of Sanchi and the railings which enclose it belong to the Sunga period.
4. Pan-Chiang was the Chinese general defeated by Kanishka.

Answer:

2. Kanishka made Jainism the state religion and built many monasteries.

VII. Answer in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
What happened to the last Mauryan emperor?
Answer:

1. The last Mauryan emperor, Brihadratha, was assassinated by his own general, Pushyamitra Sunga.
2. He established his Sunga dynasty in Magadha.

Question 2.
Write a note on Kalidasa’s Malavikagnimitra.
Answer:
Agnimitra is said to be the hero of Kalidasa’s Malavikagnimitra (Agnimitra was the son of Pushyamitra)

Question 3.
Name the ruler of the Kanva dynasty.
Answer:

1. The Kanva dynasty produced four kings and their rule lasted only for 45 years.
2. The Kanvas rulers were
   • Vasudeva
   • Bhumi Mitra
   • Narayana
   • Susarman

Question 4.
Highlight the literary achievements of Satavahanas.
Answer:

1. The Satavahana king Hala was himself a great scholar of Sanskrit.
2. Hala is famous as the author of Sattasai (Saptasati) 700 stanzas in Prakrit.

Question 5.
Name the places where Satavahana’s monuments are situated.
Answer:

1. Gandhara, Mathura, Amaravati, Bodha Gaya, Sanchi and Bharhut were known for splendid monuments and art.
2. The Mathura School of Sculpture produced images and life-size statues of the Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain deities.

Question 6.
Give an account of the achievements of Kadphises I.
Answer:

1. Kadphises I was the first military and political leader of the Kushanas.
2. He overthrew the Indo-Greek and Indo-Parthian rulers.
3. He established himself as a sovereign ruler of Bactria.
4. He extended his power in Kabul, Gandhara and upto Indus.

Question 7.
Name the Buddhist saints and scholars who adorned the court of Kanishka.
Answer:

1. Kanishka was an ardent Buddhist.
2. His court was adorned with a number of Buddhist saints and scholars, like Asvaghosha, Vasumitra and Nagarjuna.

VIII. Answer the following :

Question 1.
Who invaded India after the decline of the Mauryan empire?
Answer:

1. After the decline of the Maryan empire resulted.
2. In the invasions of Sakas, Scythians, Parthians, Indo – Greeks or Bactrian Greeks and Kushanas from the north-west.
3. In the south, Satavahanas became independent after Asoka’s death.
4. There were Sungas and Kanvas in the north before the emergence of the Gupta dynasty.
5. Chedis (Kalinga) declared their independence.

Question 2.
Give an account of the conquests of Pushyamitra Sunga.
Answer:

1. Pushyamitra Sunga established his Sunga dynasty in Magadha.
2. He extended his kingdom westward to include Ujjain and Vidisha.
3. He successfully repulsed the invasion of Bactria king.
4. He thwarted an attack from the Kalinga king, Kharavela.
5. He also conquered Vidarbha.

Question 3.
Write a note on GautamiputraSatakarni.
Answer:

1. Gautamiputra Satakami was the greatest ruler of the family.
2. He is described as the destroyer of Sakes, Yavanas (Greeks), and Pahlavis (Parthians) in the Nasik Prashasti published by his mother.
3. The extent of the empire included Maharashtra, north Konkan, Berar, Gujarat, Kathiawar, and Malwa.
4. His ship coins are suggestive of Andhra’s skill in seafaring and their naval power.

Question 4.
What do you know of the Gondopharid dynasty?
Answer:

1. Indo – Parthian kingdom or Gondopharid dynasty was founded by Gondophernes.
2. The domain of Indo-Parthians comprised Kabul and Gandhara.
3. The name of Gondophernes is associated with the Christian apostle St. Thomas.
4. According to Christian tradition, St.Thomas visited the court of Gondophernes
5. St. Thomas converted Gondophernes to Christianity.

Question 5.
Who was considered the best known Indo-Greek King. Why?
Answer:
Menander was considered the best known Indo – Greek king.

Because:

1. He is said to have ruled a large kingdom in the north-west of the country.
2. His coins were found over an extensive area ranging from Kabul valley and Indus river to western Uttar Pradesh.
3. Milinda Panha, a Buddhist text is a discourse between king Milinda and Buddhist scholar Nagasena.
4. (Milinda = Menander)
5. He became Buddhist and promoted Buddhism.

Question 6.
Who was Sakas?
Answer:

1. Sakas as nomads came in huge number and spread all over northern and western India.
2. They were against the tribe of Turki normads.
3. They were Scthians, nomadic ancient Iranians.
4. They were known as Sakas in Sanskrit.
5. The Indo – Greek rule in India was ended by them.

Question 7.
Give an account of the religious policy of Kanishka.
Answer:

1. Kanishka was an ardent Buddhist and his empire was a Buddhist empire.
2. He adopted Buddhism under the influence of Asvaghosha (a monk from Pataliputra)
3. Though a great warrior and a champion of Mahayanism.
4. Asa state religion he built many stupas and monasteries (in Mathura, Taxila, and many other parts of the kingdom)
5. He sent missionaries to propagate Buddha’s gospel.
6. He organised the fourth Buddhist council at Kundalavana (near Srinagar)

IX. HOTS:

Question 1.
The importance of the Gandhara School of Art.
Answer:

1. The Gandhara School of Art had developed in the first century A.D along with Mathura School during the reign of Kushana emperor Kanishka.
2. Both Sakas and Kushanas were patrons of Gandhara school which is known for the first sculpture representations of the Buddha in human form.
3. The art of the Gandhara school was primarily Mahayana.
4. The Gandhara school of Indian Art is heavily indebted to Greek influence.
5. The Greeks were good cave builders. The Mahayana Buddhists learned the art of carving out caves from them and became skilled in rock-cut architecture.

Question 2.
Provide an account of trade and commerce during the post – Mauryan period in South India.
Answer:

1. Satavahanas also referred to as the Andhras were an ancient dynasty based in the Deccan region.
2. They flourished in South India for about 450 years
3. They participated in economic expansion through the intensification of agriculture and trade within and beyond the Indian subcontinent.
4. The exploitation of sites with mineral resources facilitated commerce and crafts (such as ceramic ware).
5. The increased craft production is evident from archaeological discoveries at sites such as Kotalingala as well as epigraphic references to artisans and guilds.
6. They controlled the Indian sea coast and as a result, they dominated the growing Indian trade with the Roman Empire.
7. The Periplus of the Erythrean sea mentions two important Satavahana trade centers: Prathishthana and Tagara.
8. Other important urban centres included Kondapur, Banavasi, and Madhavpur.
9. Nanaghat was the site of an important pass that linked the Satavahana capital Pratishthana to the sea.

X. Activity :

Question 1.
Prepare an album with centres of archaeological monuments of Satavahanas and Kushanas.
Answer:
Satavahanas :

1. Several metal figurines and unique bronze objects were found from Bramhapuri.
2. A bronze statue of the standing Buddha discovered in Oc-Eo (an archaeological site in Vietnam) resembles the Amaravati
3. The later Satavahana kings issued lead or bronze coins depicting ships with two masts.
4. A stone seal discovered in NakhonPattom in Thailand has the same design.
5. Gandhara, Madhura, Amaravati, Bodh Gaya, Sanchi and Bharhut were known for splendid monuments and art.
6. The Mathura School of Sculputre produced images and life-size statues of the Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain deities.

Kushanas :

1. Kanishka’s coins portray images of Indian, Greek, Iranians divinities.
2. He encouraged Gandhara school of art as well as Mathura school of art.
3. His greatest contribution to Buddhist architecture was the Kanishka stupa at Peshawar, Pakistan.
4. Several Buddhist statues are directly connected to the reign of Kanishka like Bodhisattra statues.

Question 2.
Arrange a debate in the classroom on the cultural contribution of Indo-Greeks Sakas and Kushanas
Answer:
Indo-Greeks:

1. Indo-Greek rulers introduced a die system and produced properly shaped coins with inscriptions, symbols and engraved figures on Indo-greeks.
2. Indians learnt this art from Indo-greeks.
3. The Gandhara school of Indian art is heavily indebted to Greek influence.
4. The Greeks were good cave builders. The Mahayana Buddhists learned the art of carving out caves from them and became skilled in rock-cut architecture.

Sakas:

1. Rudradaman’s Junagadh/Gimar inscription was the first inscription in chaste Sanskrit.
2. In India, the Sakas were assimilated into Indian society.
3. They began to adopt Indian names and practice Indian religious beliefs.

Kushanas :

1. Kanishka was a great patron of art and literature. His court was adorned with a number of Buddhist saints and scholars, like Asvaghosha, Vasumitra and Nagarjuna.
2. He founded the town of Kanishkapura in Kashmir and furnished the capital of Puiushapura with magnificent public buildings.
3. The Gandhara school of art flourished during this time.
4. The most favourable subject of the Gandhara artists was the carving of sculptures of Buddha.
5. Buddhist learning and culture were taken to China and Mongolia from Takshashila.
6. The great Asiatic culture mingled with Indian Buddhist culture during the Kushana time.

XI. Answer Grid

Who wrote Brihastkatha? Ans: Gunadhya	Name the Satavahana ruler who performed two Asvamedha sacrifices. Ans: Satakami
How many years did the Satavahanas rule the Deccan? Ans: About 450 years.	Who laid the foundation of the Saka era? Ans: Kanishka
What was the favourite subject of Gandhara artists? Ans: Carving of Sculptures of Buddha	Where did Kanishka organize the fourth Buddhist Council? Ans: Kundalavana near Srinagar

Samacheer Kalvi 6th Social Science Mauryan India Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
In India, Satavahanas became independent after Asoka’s death.
(a) North
(b) South
(c) East
(d) West
Answer:
(b) South

Question 2.
Pushyamitra made ……………. as his capital.
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Peshavar
(c) Kundalavana
(d) Bharhut
Answer:
(a) Pataliputra

Question 3.
Simuka, the founder of the Satavahana dynasty ruled for
(a) 20 yrs
(c) 22 yrs
(b) 21 yrs
(d) 23 yrs
Answer:
(d) 23 yrs

Question 4.
The world-famous life-size statue of Buddha was at ……………. Valley.
(a) Bamyan
(b) Gangetic
(c) Kashmir
(d) Kenyan
Answer:
(a) Bamyan

Question 5.
Hala belonged to the dynasty.
(a) Indogreek
(b) Kushana
(c) Sunga
(d) Satavahana
Answer:
(d) Satavahana

II. Match the statement with reason and tick the appropriate answer :

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Gautamiputra Satakarni was the greatest ruler of the family.
Reason (R): He is described as the destroyer of the Sakas, Yavanas, and Pahlavis.
a. A is correct but R is not correct.
b. A is not correct but R is correct.
c. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
d. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
(d) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Statement I: Hiuen Tsang, the Chinese Buddhist monk, and traveller are one of the sources of the Post Mauryan period.
Statement II: Saka rule was founded by Maos or Mogain in the Gandhara region.
a. Both the statements are correct.
b. Both the statements are wrong.
c. Statement I is wrong but statement II is correct.
d. Statement II is wrong but statement I is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both the statements are correct

Question 3.
Circle the odd one.
Bhumi Mitra, Nagaijuna, Susarman, Krishna.
Answer:
Krishna
Reason: Krishna was a ruler from the Satavahana dynasty. The other three were from Kanva dynasty.

Question 4.

1. Answer the following in one word.
2. Mention the other term of Satavahanas.
3. Name the second grammarian in Sanskrit.
4. Name the Sunga ruler who performed two AsvamedhaYagnas.
5. Whose work was Sattasai?

Answer:

1. Andhra
2. Patanjali
3. Pushyamitra
4. Hala

III. Fill in the blanks:

1. The author of Harshacharita was _______
2. Patanjali wrote _______
3. Nagarjuna’s work was _______
4. Agnimitra’s son was _______
5. Pushyamitra’s capital was _______
6. Under the Sungas _______ became the court language.
7. The great stupa of Sanchi and railings belong to the _______ period.
8. The Sakas appointed _______ as provincial governor
9. Initially, the Kushana capital was _______
10. Kanishka defeated the Chinese general _______

Answer:

1. Banabhatte
2. Mahabhasya
3. Madhyamikasutra
4. Vasumitra
5. Pataiiputra
6. Sanskrit
7. Sunga
8. Kshatrapas / Satraps
9. Kabul
10. Pan-Chiang

IV. True or False :

1. Agminitra is said to be the hero of Kalidasa’s Malavikagnimitra.
2. The Satavahanas played an important role in defending the Gangetic valley.
3. The last Kanva ruler was Satakami.
4. Bactria became independent under Diodotus I.
5. Menander promoted Jainism.

Answer:

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

V. Match

1. Sungas – i. Narayana
2. Kanvas – ii. Sirkap
3. Satavahanas – iii. Pahlavas
4. Sakas – iv. Vasumitra
5. Indo Parthians – v. Simuka

Answer:

1. – iv
2. – i
3. – v
4. – ii
5. – iii

VI. Find out the wrong statement from the following :

1. The Sunga dynasty lasted for about one hundred years.
2.  The Sungas promoted Shaivism.
3. The Kanva dynasty produced four Kings.
4. Yavanas were Greeks.

Answer:
2. The Sungas promoted Shaivism

VII. Answer in one or two sentences

Question 1.
Mention the importance of the Sunga period.
Answer:

1. The Sungas played an important role in defending the Gangetic Valley from the encroachments of the Bactrian Greeks.
2. Pushyamitra, and then his successors, revived Vedic religious practices and promoted Vaishnavism.
3. Sanskrit gradually gained ascendancy and became the court language.

Question 2.
Name the domain of Satavahanas.
Answer:

1. Maharashtra
2. North Konkan
3. Berar
4. Gujarat
5. Kathiawar
6. Malda.

Question 3.
Who published Nasik Prashasti?
Answer:
Nasik Prashasti was published by Gautami Balasri, mother of Gautamiputra Satakami.

Question 4.
Where was Buddhist learning and culture taken to?
Answer:
Buddhist learning and culture were taken to China and Mongolia from Takshashila.

Question 5.
What facilitated the establishment of Indo-Greek and Indo-Parthian colonies along the northwestern part of India?
Answer:

1. The Bactrian and Parthian settlers gradually inter-married and intermixed with the indigenous population.
2. This facilitated the establishment of Indo-Greek and Indo-Parthian colonies along the northwestern part of India.

Question 6.
What was the change brought in by the Sunga period in the railings and gateways of the Buddhist Stupas?
Answer:
During the Sunga period, the stone was replaced by wood in the railings and the gateways of the Buddhist stupas as seen in Bharhut and Sanchi.

Question 7.
Who was Kaharavela?
Answer:

1. King Kharavela of Kalinga was a contemporary of the Sungas.
2. We get information about Kharavela from the Hathigumba inscription.

Question 8.
Write about the Buddhist Statue at Bamyan Valley.
Answer:

1. The world-famous life-size statue of Buddha at Bamyan valley on the mountains is located in the northwestern frontiers of ancient India.
2. They were carved out of the solid rocks by the dedicated artists of the Gandhara School of Art during the Post-Mauryan period.

Question 9.
Write a note on Kadphises
Answer:

1. Kadphises II maintained a friendly relationship with the emperors of China and Rome.
2. He encouraged trade and commerce with foreign countries.
3. Some of his coins contained the inscribed figures of Lord Siva and his imperial titles were inscribed in the Kharosthi language.

VIII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Mention the archaeological sources and literary sources of the Post-Mauryan Period.
Archaeological Sources of the Post-Mauryan period:
Answer:

1. Ayodhya Inscription of Dana Deva
2. Persepolis, Nakshi Rustam Inscriptions
3. Moga (Taxila copper plate)
4. Junagadh/Gimar Inscription
5. Nasik Prasasti
6. Inscription of Darius I
7. Coins of Satavahanas
8. Coins of Kadphises II
9. Roman Coins

Literary Sources:

1. Puranas
2. Gargi Samhita
3. Harshacharita of Banabhatta
4. Mahabhasyaof Patanjali
5. Brihastkatha of Gunadhya
6. Madhyamika Sutra of Nagarjuna
7. Buddhacharita of Asvaghosha
8. Malavikagnimitra of Kalidasa

Question 2.
Write a note on Demetrius
Answer:

1. Demetrius was the son of Greco-Bactrian ruler Euthydemus.
2. He was king of Macedonia from 294 to 288 BC.
3. Numismatic evidence proves that Demetrius issued bi-lingual square coins with Greek on the obverse and Kharosthi on the reverse.
4. Scholars are not able to decide which of the three, named Demetrius, was the initiator of the Yavana era, commencing in the second century BC in India.

Question 3.
Who was Kushanas?
Answer:

1. The Kushanas formed a section of the Yueh-chi tribes, who inhabited northwestern China in the remote past.
2. In the first century BC, the Yueh-chi tribes were composed of five major sections of which the Kushanas attained political ascendancy over others.
3. By the beginning of the Christian era, all the Yueh-chi tribes had acknowledged the supremacy of the Kushanas.
4. They settled down in the Bactrian and Parthian lands.
5. The Kushanas gradually overran Bactria and Parthia and established themselves in northern India.
6. Their concentration was mostly in the Punjab, Rajputana, and Kathiawar.
7. Kushana rulers were Buddhists.
8. Takshashila and Mathura continued to be great centers of Buddhist learning, attracting students from China and western Asia.

Question 4.
Write about the Conquests of Kanishka.
Answer:

1. Kanishka conquered and annexed Kashmir.
2. He waged a successful war against Magadha.
3. To maintain safety and integrity in his vast empire he also waged a war against a ruler of Parthia.
4. He defeated the Chinese general Pan – Chiang and safeguarded from Chinese intrusion.
5. His empire extended from Kashmir down Benaras and the Vindhya mountain in the south.
6. The empire included Kashgar, Yarkhand touching the borders of Persia and Parthia.