Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Theoretical Concepts of Operating System Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Operating system is a:
(a) application software
(b) hardware
(c) system software
(d) component
Answer:
(c) system software

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Identify the usage of operating systems:
(a) easy interaction between the human and computer
(b) controlling input & output Devices
(c) managing use of main memory
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
Which of the following is not a function of an Operating System?
(a) Process Management
(b) Memory Management
(c) Security management
(d) Complier Environment
Answer:
(d) Complier Environment

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 4.
Which of the following OS is a Commercially licensed Operating system?
(a) Windows
(b) UBUNTU
(c) FEDORA
(d) REDHAT
Answer:
(a) Windows

Question 5.
Which of the following Operating systems support Mobile Devices?
(a) Windows 7
(b) Linux
(c) BOSS
(d) iOS
Answer:
(d) iOS

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 6.
File Management manages:
(a) files
(b) folders
(c) directory systems
(d) All the Above
Answer:
(d) All the Above

Question 7.
Interactive Operating System provides:
(a) Graphics User Interface (GUI)
(b) Data Distribution
(c) Security Management
(d) Real Time Processing
Answer:
(a) Graphics User Interface (GUI)

Question 8.
Android is a:
(a) Mobile Operating
(b) Open Source
(c) Developed by Google
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 9.
Which of the following refers to Android operating system’s version?
(a) JELLY BEAN
(b) UBUNTU
(c) OS/2
(d) MITTIKA
Answer:
(a) JELLY BEAN

II. Short Answers

Question 1.
What are the advantages of memory management in Operating System?
Answer:
Memory Management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer’s main memory and assigning memory block (space) to various running programs to optimize overall computer performance. The Memory management involves the allocation of specific memory blocks to individual programs based on user demands. At the application level, memory management ensures the availability of adequate memory for each running program at all times.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
What is the multi-user Operating system?
Answer:
Multi-user operating system is used in computers and laptops that allow same data and applications to be accessed by multiple users at the same time. The users can also communicate with each other. Eg: Windows, Linux and UNIX.

Question 3.
What is a GUI?
Answer:
The Graphical User Interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Question 4.
List out different distributions of Linux operating system?
Answer:
Different distributions of Linux are Linux Mint, Fedora, Ubuntu, BOSS, RedHat.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 5.
What are the security management features available ip Operating System?
Answer:
The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the user end. They are

  1. File access level
  2. System level
  3. Network level.

Question 6.
What is multi-processing?
Answer:
This is a one of the features of Operating System. It has two or more processors for a single running process (job). Processing takes place in parallel is known as parallel processing. Each processor works on different parts of the same task or on two or more different tasks.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 7.
What are the different Operating Systems used in computer?
Answer:
Some of the popular Operating Systems used in personal computers and laptops are Windows, UNIX and Linux. The mobile devices mostly use Android and iOS as mobile OS.

III. Explain In Brief.

Question 1.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Time-sharing features?
Answer:
Advantages:

  1. Provides the advantage of quick response.
  2. Avoids duplication of software
  3. Reduces CPU idle time.

Disadvantages:

  1. Problem of data communication and security.
  2. Problem of reliability.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Explain and List out examples of mobile operating system?
Answer:
Mobile devices such as phones, tablets and MP3 players are different from desktop and laptop computers and hence they need special Operating Systems. Examples of mobile Operating Systems are Apple iOS and Google Android. Operating systems for mobile devices generally are not as fully featured as those made for desktop and laptop computers and they are not able to run all software.

Android:
It is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on Linux and designed primarily for touch screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets. Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized PCs and other electronic gadgets.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 3.
What are the differences between Windows and Linux Operating system?
Answer:
Windows:

  1. Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating system.
  2. It is a user interface.
  3. Windows can only be modified by the company that owns it.

Linux:

  1. Linux is a family of open-source operating system.
  2. It is a command line access.
  3. It can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 4.
Explain the process manangement algorithms in Operating System?
Answer:
The following algorithms are mainly used to allocate the job (process) to the processor.

  1. FIFO
  2. SJF
  3. Round Robin
  4. Based on Priority.

1. FIFO (First In First Out) Scheduling:
This algorithm is based on queuing technique. Assume that a student is standing in a queue (Row) to get grade sheet from his/her teacher. The other student who stands first in the queue gets his/her grade sheet first and leaves from the queue (Row). Followed by the next student in the-queue gets it corrected and so on.

This is the basic logic of the FIFO algorithm.
Technically, the process that enters the queue first is executed first by the CPU, followed by the next and so on. The processes are executed in the order of the queue (row).

2. SJF (Shortest Job First) Scheduling:
This algorithm works based on the size of the job being executed by the CPU.
Consider two jobs A and B.
(a) A = 6 kilo bytes
(b) B = 9 kilo bytes
First the job “A” will be assigned and then job “B” gets its turn.

3. Round Robin Scheduling:
The Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. Jobs (processes) are assigned and processor time in a circular method. For example take three jobs A, B, C. First the job A is assigned to CPU then job B and job C and then again A, B and C and so on.

4. Based On Priority:
The given job (process) is assigned based on a Priority. The/job which has higher priority is more important than other jobs. Take two jobs A and B. Let the priority of A be 5 and priority B be 7.
Job B is assigned to the processor before job A.

IV. Explain in detail.

Question 1.
Explain the concept of a Distributed Operating System?
Answer:
This feature takes care of the data and application that are stored and processed on multiple physical locations across the world over the digital network (internet/intranet).

The Distributed Operating System is used to access shared data and files that reside in any machine around the world. The user can handle the data from different locations. The users can access as if it is available on their own computer. The advantages of distributed Operating System are as follows:

  1. A user at one location can make use of all the resources available at another location over the network.
  2. Many computer resources can be added easily in the network
  3. Improves the interaction with the customers and clients.
  4. Reduces the load on the host computer.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Explain the main purpose of an operating system?
Answer:
In earlier day’s user had to design the application to die internal structure of the hardware. Operating system was needed to enable the user to design the application without the knowledge of the computer’s internal structure and hardware system.
Nowadays, user needs an interface to interact with the computer and controls the execution of all kinds of programs without knowing the intemals-of the hardware.
Usage of Operating system:

  1. Easy interaction between the human and computer.
  2. Starting computer operation automatically when power is turned on.
  3. Loading and scheduling users program.
  4. Controlling input and output devices.
  5. Managing use of main memory.
  6. Providing security to users program.

Question 3.
Explain advantages and disadvantages of open source operating systems?
Answer:
Advantages:

  1. It’s cheaper.
  2. It is high quality.
  3. Open source operating system is very reliable.
  4. Help us become more flexible.
  5. Creativity.

Disadvantages:

  1. Vulnerable to malicious users.
  2. It is not always user-friendly.
  3. Personalized support is rarely available.
  4. institutional and organizational procurement process affecting the decision making process.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Theoretical Concepts of Operating System Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
…………………….. is set of instructions that perform specific test.
(a) Software
(b) Hardware
(c) Instruction
(d) Data
Answer:
(a) Software

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
There are types of software.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 6
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 3.
…………………… is a set of programs to perform specific task.
(a) Software
(b) System software
(c) Application software
(d) Hardware
Answer:
(c) Application software

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 4.
………………….. is an application software.
(a) Linux
(b) Unix
(c) MS-Word
(d) Windows
Answer:
(c) MS-Word

Question 5.
………………….. is an system software:
(a) Windows
(b) MS-Word
(c) MS-Excell
(d) Lotus
Answer:
(a) Windows

Question 6.
An operating system allows only a single user to perform a task at a time is called as a:
(a) single user operating system
(b) multi-user operating system
(c) time sharing
(d) distributed operating system
Answer:
(a) single user operating system

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 7.
The operating system provides ……………………… levels of securities to the end user.
(a) four
(b) five
(c) six
(d) three
Answer:
(d) three

Question 8.
The expansion of FIFO is ……………………….
(a) First In First Out
(b) Fast in Fast Out
(c) Fast In First Out
(d) First in Fast Out
Answer:
(a) First In First Out

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 9.
The expansion of SJF is ……………………..
(a) Slower Job First
(b) Slower Job Front
(c) Shortest Job First
(d) Shortest Job Front
Answer:
(a) Slower Job First

Question 10.
………………… Security is offered by the password in a multi-user environment:
(a) System level
(b) File level
(c) Network level
(d) Software level
Answer:
(a) System level

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 11.
The Linux operating system was originated in the year:
(a) 1991
(b) 1997
(c) 1980
(d) 1993
Answer:
(a) 1991

Question 12.
………………….. is an example for a single user operating system:
(a) Windows
(b) Linux
(c) Unix
(d) MS-Dos
Answer:
(d) MS-Dos

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 13.
………………….. management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer’s main memory:
(a) Memory
(b) Process
(c) Security
(d) Fault tolerance
Answer:
(a) Memory

Question 14.
The …………………… operating system is used to access shared data and files that residue in any machine around the world:
(a) multi user
(b) single user
(c) distributed
(d) time sharing
Answer:
(c) distributed

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 15.
The scheduling algorithm is desinged especially for time sharing system:
(a) FIFO
(b) SJF
(c) Round Robin
(d) Based on priority
Answer:
(c) Round Robin

Question 16.
iOS was created and developed by:
(a) Apple Inc
(b) IBM
(c) Apple iOS
(d) Microsoft
Answer:
(a) Apple Inc

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 17.
…………………. is a computer related mistake:
(a) Data
(b) Program
(c) File
(d) Error
Answer:
(d) Error

II. Short Answers

Question 1.
What is a software?
Answer:
A software is set of instructions that perform specific task. It interacts basically with the hardware to generate the desired output.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Mention the types of software?
Answer:
Software is classified into two types:

  1. Application Software
  2. System Software.

Question 3.
Define application software?
Answer:
Application software is a set of programs to perform specific task. For example MS-Word is an application software to create text document and VLC player is familiar application software to play audio, video files and many more.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 4.
Define system software?
Answer:
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run the computer’s hardware and application programs. For example Operating System and Language Processor.

Question 5.
Define OS?
Answer:
An Operating System (OS) is a system software which serves as an interface between a user and a computer.

Question 6.
Write the key features of the operating system?
Answer:
The key features of the operating system are:

  1. User Interface
  2. Memory Management
  3. Process Management
  4. Security Management
  5. Fault Tolerance
  6. File Management.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 7.
What is the main objective of memory management?
Answer:
The objective of Memory Management process is to improve both the utilization of the CPU and the speed of the computer’s response to its users via main memory. For these reasons the computers must keep several programs in main memory that associates with many different Memory Management schemes.

Question 8.
What is Garbage collection?
Answer:
Allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks as needed by the program in main memory is called Garbage collection.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 9.
How the processes are classified?
Answer:
A computer consists of a collection of processes, they are classified as two categories:

  1. Operating System processes which is executed by system code
  2. User Processes which is execute by user code

Question 10.
Write the resources of a process?
Answer:
A process needs certain resources including CPU time, memory, files and I/O devices to finish its task.

II. Short Answers

Question 1.
What is a software?
Answer:
A software is set of instructions that perform specific task. It interacts basically with the hardware to generate the desired output.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Mention the types of software?
Answer:
Software is classified into two types:

  1. Application Software
  2. System Software.

Question 3.
Define application software?
Answer:
Application software is a set of programs to perform specific task. For example MS-Word is an application software to create text document and VLC player is familiar application software to play audio, video files and many more.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 4.
Define system software?
Answer:
System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run the computer’s hardware and application programs. For example Operating System and Language Processor.

Question 5.
Define OS?
Answer:
An Operating System (OS) is a system software which serves as an interface between a user and a computer.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 6.
Write the key features of the operating system?
Answer:
The key features of the operating system are:

  1. User Interface
  2. Memory Management
  3. Process Management
  4. Security Management
  5. Fault Tolerance
  6. File Management.

Question 7.
What is the main objective of memory management?
Answer:
The objective of Memory Management process is to improve both the utilization of the CPU and the speed of the computer’s response to its users via main memory. For these reasons the computers must keep several programs in main memory that associates with many different Memory Management schemes.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 8.
What is Garbage collection?
Answer:
Allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks as needed by the program in main memory is called Garbage collection.

Question 9.
How the processes are classified?
Answer:
A computer consists of a collection of processes, they are classified as two categories:

  1. Operating System processes which is executed by system code
  2. User Processes which is execute by user code

Question 10.
Write the resources of a process?
Answer:
A process needs certain resources including CPU time, memory, files and I/O devices to finish its task.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 11.
What is Round Robin Scheduling?
Answer:
The Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. Jobs (processes) are assigned and processor time in a circular method. For example take three jobs A, B, C. First the job A is assigned to CPU then job B and job C and then again A, B and C and so on.

Question 12.
What is meant by fault tolerance?
Answer:
The Operating Systems should be robust. When there is a fault, the Operating System should not crash, instead the Operating System have fault tolerance capabilities and retain the existing state of system.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 13.
List the prominent operating system/
Answer:
Prominent OS are as follows:

  1. UNIX
  2. Microsoft Windows
  3. Linux
  4. iOS
  5. Android

Question 14.
What is Unix?
Answer:
UNIX is a family of multitasking, multi-user operating systems that derive originally from AT&T Bell Labs, where the development began in the 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 15.
What is iOS?
Answer:
iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile Operating System created and developed by Apple Inc., exclusively for its hardware. It is the Operating System that presently powers many of the company’s mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. It is the second most popular mobile Operating System globally after Android.

Question 16.
What is meant by Error Log File?
Answer:
The user interface should reduce number of errors committed by the user with little practice the user should be in a position to avoid errors (Error Log File).

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 17.
What is process?
Answer:
A process is the unit of work (program) in a computer. A word-processing program being run by an individual user on a computer is a process. A system task, such as sending output to a printer or screen, can also be called as a Process.

Question 18.
Expand the following FAT and NTFS?
Answer:
FAT – File Allocation Table.
NTFS – NeXT generation File System.

III. Explain in Brief.

Question 1.
Write the uses of operating system?
Answer:
The main use of Operating System is –

  1. To ensure that a computer can be used do to exact if what the user wants it do.
  2. Easy interaction between the users and computers.
  3. Starting computer operation automatically when power is turned on (Booting).
  4. Controlling Input and Output Devices.
  5. Manage the utilization of main memory.
  6. Providing security to user programs.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Mention the types of operating system?
Answer:

  1. Single user operating system
  2. Multi-user operating system
  3. Multi processing operating system
  4. Time sharing operating system
  5. Real time operating system
  6. Distributed operating system
  7. Interactive operating system.

Question 3.
How the operating system provides securities to the end user?
The Operating System provides three levels of securities to the user end.
They are

  1. File access level
  2. System level
  3. Network level.

(i) In order to access the files created by other people, you should have the access permission. Permissions can either be granted by the creator of the file or bythe administrator of the system.

(ii) System level security is offered by the password in a multi-user environment.
Both windows and Linux offer the password facility.

(iii) Network security is an indefinable one. So people from all over the world try to provide such a security.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 4.
Write short notes on time-sharing?
Answer:
This is a one of the features of Operating Systems. It allows execution of multiple tasks or processes concurrently. For each task a fixed time is allocated. This division of time is called Time- sharing. The processor switches rapidly between various processes after a time is elapsed or the process is completed.

For example assume that there are three processes called PI, P2, P3 and time allocated for each process 30, 40, 50 minutes respectively. If the process PI completes within 20 minutes then processor takes the next process P2 for the execution. If the process P2 could not complete within 40 minutes, then the current process P2 will be paused and switch over to the next process P3.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 5.
Write the responsibilities of operating system in connection with memory management?
Answer:
The Operating System is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:

  1. Keeping track of which portion of memory are currently being used and who is using them.
  2. Determining which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move in and out of memory.
  3. Allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks as needed by the program in main memory. (Garbage Collection)

Question 6.
Write the responsibilities of operating system associated with the process management?
Answer:
The Operating System is responsible for the following activities associated with the process management:

  1. Scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs.
  2. Creating and deleting both user and system processes.
  3. Suspending and resuming processes.
  4. Providing mechanisms for process synchronization.
  5. Providing mechanisms for process communication.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 7.
Write short note on file management?
Answer:
File management is an important function of OS which handles the data storage techniques. The operating System manages the files, folders and directory systems on a computer. Any type of data in a computer is stored in the form of files and directories/folders through File Allocation Table (FAT). The FAT stores general information about files like filename, type (text or binary), size, starting address and access mode (sequential/indexed/indexed-sequential/direct/relative).

The file manager of the operating system helps to create, edit, copy, allocate memory to the files and also updates the FAT. The OS also takes care of the files that are opened with proper access rights to read or edit them. There are few other file management techniques available like Next Generation File System (NTFS) and ext2 (Linux).

Question 8.
What are the advantages of distributed operating system?
Answer:
The advantages of distributed Operatirfg System are as follows:

  1. A user at one location can make use of all the resources available at another location over the network.
  2. Many computer resources can be added easily in the network
  3. Improves the interaction with the customers and clients.
  4. Reduces the load on the host computer.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 9.
Write short note on Linux?
Answer:
Linux is a family of open-source operating systems. It can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it. The main advantage of Linux operating system is that it is open source. There are many versions and their updates. Most of the servers run on Linux because it is easy to customize.

There are a few different distributions of Linux, like Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora, RedHat, Debian, Google’s Android, Chrome OS, and Chromium OS which are popular among users.

The Linux operating system was originated in 1991, as a project of “Linus Torvalds” from a university student of Finland. He posted information about his project on a news group for computer students and programmers. He received support and assistance from a large pool of volunteers who succeeded in creating a complete and functional Operating System. Linux is similar to the UNIX operating system.

Linux distributions:
Linux mint, Fedora, Ubuntu, BOSS, Redhat.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 10.
Write in detail about memory management?
Answer:
Memory Management is the process of controlling and coordinating computer’s main memory and assigning memory block (space) to various running programs to optimize overall computer performance. The Memory management involves the allocation of specific memory blocks to individual programs based on user demands. At the application level, memory management ensures the availability of adequate memory for each running program at all times.

The objective of Memory Management process is to improve both the utilization of the CPU and the speed of the computer’s response to its users via main memory. For these reasons the computers must keep several programs in main memory that associates with many different Memory Management schemes.
The Operating System is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:

  • Keeping track of which portion of memory are currently being used and who is using them.
  • Determining which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move in and out of memory.
  • Allocation and de-allocation of memory blocks as needed by the program in main memory. (Garbage Collection)

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 11.
How will you classify the operating system?
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

IV. Explain in detail.

Question 1.
What is a software? Explain the types of software?
Answer:
A software is set of instructions that perform specific task. It interacts basically with the hardware to generate the desired output.

Types of Software:
Software is classified into two types:
(i) Application Software
(ii) System Software.
Application software is a set of programs to perform specific task. For example MS-word is an application software to create text document and VLC player is familiar application software to play audio, video files and many more. System software is a type of computer program that is designed to run the computer’s hardware and application programs. For example Operating System and Language Processor.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 2.
Explain in detail the User Interface (Ul) in operating system?
Answer:
User interface is one of the significant feature in Operating System. The only way that user can make interaction with a computer. If the computer interface is not user-friendly, the user slowly reduces the computer usage from their normal life. This is a main reason for key success of GUI (Graphical User Interface) based Operating System. The GUI is a window based system with a pointing device to direct I/O, choose from menus, make selections and a keyboard to enter text.Its vibrant colours attract the user very easily. Beginners are impressed by the help and pop up window message boxes. Icons are playing vital role of the particular application.

Now Linux distribution is also available as GUI based Operating System. The following points are considered when User Interface is designed for an application.

  1. The user interface should enable the user to retain this expertise for a longer time.
  2. The user interface should also satisfy the customer based on their needs.
  3. The user interface should save user’s precious time. Create graphical elements like Menus,Window,Tabs, Icons and reduce typing work will be an added advantage of the Operating System.
  4. The ultimate aim of any product is to satisfy the customer. The User Interface is also to satisfy the customer.
  5. The user interface should reduce number of errors committed by the user with little practice the user should be in a position to avoid errors (Error Log File).

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 4 Theoretical Concepts of Operating System

Question 3.
Explain the process management?
Answer:
Process management is function that includes creating and deleting processes and providing mechanisms for processes to communicate and synchronize with each other.
A process is the unit of work (program) in a computer. A word-processing program being run by an individual user on a computer is a process. A system task, such as sending output to a printer or screen, can also be called as a Process.
A computer consists of a collection of processes, they are classified as two categories:

  1. Operating System processes which is executed by system code
  2. User Processes which is execute by user code

All these processes can potentially execute concurrently on a single CPU.
A process needs certain resources including CPU time, memory, files and I/O devices to finish its task.
The Operating System is responsible for the following activities associated with the process management:

  1. Scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs
  2. Creating and deleting both user and system processes
  3. Suspending and resuming processes
  4. Providing mechanisms for process synchronization
  5. Providing mechanisms for process communication.

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