Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Economics Solutions Chapter 3 Food Security and Nutrition

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Economics Solutions Chapter 3 Food Security and Nutrition

Food Security and Nutrition Textual Exercise

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
………….. of food is physical availability of food stocks in desired quantities, which is a function of domestic production, changes in stocks and imports.
(a) Availability of food
(b) Access to food
(c) Absorption of food
(d) none
Answer:
(a) Availability of food

Question 2.
Buffer stock is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice, procured by the government through the:
(a) FCI
(b) Consumer Cooperatives
(c) ICICI
(d) IFCI
Answer:
(a) FCI

Question 3.
Which is correct?
(i) HYV-High Yielding Varieties
(ii) MSP-Minimum Support Price
(iii) PDS-Public Distribution System
(iv) FCI-Food Corporation of India
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(d) all are correct
Answer:
(d) all are correct

Question 4.
……………….. extended assistance through its Public Law 480.
(a) United States of America
(b) India
(c) Singapore
(d) UK
Answer:
(a) United States of America

Question 5.
………….. revolution was bom in India paving way for self sufficiency in food grain production.
(a) Blue Revolution
(b) White Revolution
(c) Green Revolution
(d) Grey Revolution
Answer:
(c) Green Revolution

Question 6.
……………….. is the only state in India to adopt universal PDS.
(a) Kerala
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(c) Tamil Nadu

Question 7.
…………. is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
(a) Health
(b) Nutrition
(c) Sanitation
(d) Security
Answer:
(b) Nutrition

Question 8.
Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme was started in:
(a) 1980
(b) 1975
(c) 1955
(d) 1985
Answer:
(a) 1980

Question 9.
………….. status is one of the indicators of the overall well-being of population and human resources development.
(a) Health
(b) Nutritional
(c) Economic
(d) Wealth

Question 10.
Tamil Nadu Health System Projects has launched ……………….. service at free of cost.
(a) 106 Ambulance
(b) 108 Ambulance
(c) 107 Ambulance
(d) 105 Ambulance
Answer:
(b) 108 Ambulance

II. Fill in the blanks.

1. ………….. foundation from USA introduced HYV in India.
2. ………… is an important indicator of nutrition deficiency.
3. In the year …………… National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.
4. ………….. play an important role in the supply of quality goods at responsible rates to common people.
5. …………. is the value of currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods and services that one unit of money can buy.
Answers:
1. FORD
2. Underweight
3. 2013
4. Consumer co-operatives
5. Purchasing power

III. Match the following.

Answers:
1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (e)
4. (b)
5. (c)

IV. Assertion and Reason.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Purchasing power increases, price decreases and vice versa.
Reason (R): The production of goods decline, the price of goods increases and then the purchasing power is affected.
(a) A is correct, R is false
(b) Both A and R are false statements
(c) A is correct but R is not a correct explanation
(d) A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A
Answer:
A is not correct and R is correct

V. Answer in Short.

Question 1.
Define food security according to FAO.
Answer:
“Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access of sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” FAO – 2009.

Question 2.
What are the basic components of food and nutrition security?
Answer:

• Availability of food
• Access to food
• Absorption of food

Question 3.
Explain ‘ship to mouth’ phenomenon.
Answer:
After India’s Independence, during early 1960’s India experienced severe drought that forced her to plead for food grains from richer countries at concessional rates. USA extended help through its Public Law 480 (PL480). This situation was popularly known as ship to mouth phenomenon.

Question 4.
What is the role of FCI in Green Revolution?
Answer:
Minimum support price (MSP) for the crops were announced at the beginning of the season and the state procured the harvested grains through the Food Corporation of India (FCI). The FCI had built huge storage godowns and built buffer stocks of food grain during the harvest season to be distributed all through the year.

Question 5.
What are the effects of Green Revolution?
Answer:

1. Country became self-sufficient in food production.
2. Increase in the yield of major cereal crops and area under cultivation.
3. Cheaper farm credit was given to farmers through co-operative banks.

Question 6.
Write a note on Differential Universal PDS and Targeted PDS.
Answer:
While Tamil Nadu has adopted an ‘Universal’ PDS, the rest of the states in India had a ‘Targeted’ PDS. Under universal PDS all the family ration card holders are entitled to the supplies from PDS. In the targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are identified based on certain criteria and given their entitlements, leaving out the rest. Both the Union and the State governments subsidised the supplies distributed through PDS. The level and quantum of subsidy also varied across states.

Question 7.
Write a short note on purchasing power.
Answer:
The financial power to purchase goods is called purchasing power. It is Indirectly related to price. It is the value of a currency expressed interms of the amount of goods and services that one unit of money can buy.

Question 8.
What are the main reasons for the New Agricultural Policy?
Answer:
The main reason is to give an assurance that organic or processed agricultural products will not be under any export restrictions such as export duty, export bans and quota restriction. Agricultural policy of a country is mostly designed by the Government for raising agricultural production and productivity and also for raising the level of income and standard of living of farmers within a definite time frame. This policy is formulated for all round and comprehensive development of the agricultural sector.

Question 9.
Write short note on multi-dimensional nature of poverty.
Answer:

1. Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was launched by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the oxford poverty Human Development Initiative in 2010.
2. It constitute factors like health, education, living standards, Income, dis-empowerment, quality of work, non-violence etc.
3. India has reduced poverty drastically from 55% to 28% in 10 years from 2005 -06 to 2015 – 16.

Question 10.
Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

• Purachi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutrition Meal Programme
• National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education
• General ICDS Projects and World Bank Assisted Integrated Child Development Services
• Pradhan Manthri Gramodaya Yojana Scheme (PMGYS)
• Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme
• Mid-Day Meal Programme

VI. Answer in detail.

Question 1.
Elucidate why the Green Revolution was born.
Answer:
The Green Revolution was bom in the country paving way for self-sufficiency in food grain production. Increased food grain production was made possible by an increase area cultivated with HYV of rice and wheat as also an increase in the yield of these major cereal crops. Area under food grains was a little more than 98 million hectares during early 1950s. The country was producing just 54 million tonnes of food grains then with an average yield of food grains of 547 kg per hectare.

The food situation has steadily improved over a period of 65 years. Area under food grain cultivation has grown to 122 million hectares, with an increase of five-fold increase in food grain production. Yield of food grains has increased four-fold between the time of independence and at present.

Question 2.
Explain Minimum Support Price.
Answer:

1. Minimum support price is the price announced by the Government to support the farmers with a better price for particular crops.
2. The MSP is much helpful for the farmer’s because they are certain / sure about the price they would get at the crop season.
3. After announcing the MSP, the state will open procurement centres in places where these crops are widely grown.
4. Farmers get an assured price by selling their produce to Food Corporation of India (FCI) after the harvest.
5. But, if the farmers find open market price is lower than the minimum support price, then they are free to sell in the open market.
6. Thus, the farmers gain a kind of protection against any price crash during the harvest season.

Question 3.
Elaborate the Public Distribution System.
Answer:
The increase in food grain production need not result in increase in access to food for all. Given the unequal distribution of income and the level of poverty that persists in Indian economy, the government took steps to distribute food grains at subsidised rates through the Public Distribution System (PDS). The nature, scope and functioning of PDS varies from state to state. While Tamil Nadu has adopted an ‘Universal’ PDS, the rest of the states in India had a ‘Targeted’ PDS.

Under universal PDS all the family ration card holders are entitled to the supplies from PDS. In the targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are identified based on certain criteria and given their entitlements, leaving out the rest. Both the Union and the State governments subsidised the supplies distributed through PDS. The level and quantum of subsidy also varied across states.

Question 4.
What are the factors affecting the purchasing power and explain them.
Answer:
Purchasing power is the value of a currency expressed interms of the amount of goods and services that one unit of money can buy.

The factors affecting purchasing power are:

1. Over Population: Large population leads to increasing demand. But supply was not equal to the demand. So, the normal price level will go higher.
2. Increasing price of essential goods: The continuous rise in the prices of essential goods erodes the purchasing power and adversely affect the poor people.
3. Demand for goods: When demand for goods increases, the prices of goods increases, then the purchasing power is affected.
4. Price of goods affect the value of currency: When prices increases, the purchasing power decreases and finally the value of the currency decreases and vice versa.
5. Production and supply of goods: When the production and the supply of goods decreases, the price of the goods increases, then the purchasing power is affected.
6. Poverty and Inequality: In general, purchasing power is affected by poverty and unequal distribution of Income and wealth.

Question 5.
Write briefly some of the important objectives of India’s agricultural policy.
Answer:
• Raising the productivity of inputs: One of the important objectives of India’s agricultural policy is to improve the productivity of inputs so purchased like, HYV seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, irrigation projects etc.

• Raising value-added per hectare: Agricultural policy is to increase per hectare value-added rather than raising physical output by raising the productivity of agriculture in general and productivity of small and marginal holding in particular.

• Protecting the interests of poor farmers: Agricultural policy is proposed to protect the interests of poor and marginal farmers by abolishing intermediaries through land reforms, expanding institutional credit support to poor farmers etc.

• Modernizing agricultural sector: Here the policy support includes the introduction of modem technology in agricultural operations and application of improved agricultural inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers etc.

• Environmental degradation: Agricultural policy of India has set another objective to check environmental degradation of natural base of Indian agriculture.

• Removing bureaucratic obstacles: The policy has set another objective to remove bureaucratic obstacles on the farmer’s co-operative societies and self-help institutions so that they can work independently.

Question 6.
Discuss the Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index India and Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
A multi-Dimensional poverty index is a measure to reveal who is poor, how they are poor and the ranges of disadvantages they experience.

Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index of India:

1. Poverty rate reduced from 55% in 2005 – 06 to 28% in 2015 – 16.
2. The number of poor people reduced from 635 million people 2005 – 06 to 364 million poor people in 2015 – 16.
3. Of these 364 million poor people, 156 million were children which was (292 million in 2005-06).
4. From the people belonging to ST category 80% were poor in 2005 – 06 which reduced to 50% in 2015 -16.
5. In 2015 – 16, Bihar is stated as the poorest state with more than half of its population in poor condition.
6. Multi-Dimensional poverty index is reduced to the maximum in Kerala by around 92% claiming to be the least poor region in 2006.
7. The four poorest states of India are Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttarpradesh and Madhyapradesh where 196 million MPI poor people live which is half of MPI of India.

Multi – Dimensional Poverty Index of Tamil Nadu:

1. The state of Tamil Nadu has a smaller share of India’s poor relative to its population.
2. Tamil Nadu leads in the poverty alleviation programmes during 2014-17.
3. The districts in Tamil Nadu are classified into three categories namely high – poverty districts (> 40%) moderately poor districts (30% to 40%) low – level poverty districts (< 30%).
4. Government of India is implementing many polices and programmes to eradicated poverty.
5. In future, Tamil Nadu can become a model Of development in India.

Question 7.
Briefly explain the nutritional and health status of Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Status of Nutrition:
We noted earlier that food security includes nutrition security too. Though our country has reached self-sufficiency in food production, the nutrition status of the population has not seen corresponding levels of improvement. In 2015-16, 27% of the rural women and 16% of the urban women (in the age group of 15-49 years) were counted as undernourished or chronically energy deficient by the National Family Health Survey.

More than half of the women in the reproductive age group (15 – 49 years) in both rural and urban India were anaemic in 2015-16. As regards children, about 60% of the rural and 56% of the urban children (in the age group of 6-59 months) are counted to be anemic, in 2015-16. About 41% of the rural and 31% of urban children are stunted, that is, they are not ‘ of the required height in correspondence to their age. Another indicator of nutrition deficiency among children is “underweight”, which is weight in relation to age. In India, in 2015-16, about 20% of children(in the age group of 6-59 months) in rural and urban India are estimated to be underweight.

VII. Project and activity

Question 1.
Visit nearby “Uzhavar Sandhai” and collect the information about the functions of market.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Collect information about health centre functioning nearby your location.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Food Security and Nutrition Additional Questions

I. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
………….. in the ability to biologically utilise the food consumed.
(a) Absorption of food
(b) Access to food
(c) Availability of food
Answer:
(a) Absorption of food

Question 2.
The rapid increase in food grain production was accompanied by the ……………… sector also.
(a) Dairy
(b) Poultry
(c) Fisheries
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 3.
………… plays a crucial role in human health and well-being.
(a) Health
(b) Security
(c) Nutrition
Answer:
(c) Nutrition

Question 4.
There are ……………… structure of consumer co-operative societies in India.
(a) Two-tier
(b) Three-tier
(c) Five-tier
(d) Seven-tier
Answer:
(b) Three-tier

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. ………… scheme is playing an important role in food security in India.
2. ……….. is the stock of food grains, namely wheat and rice, procured by the government through the FCI.
3. Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme was started in ……………
4. Govt, of India is implementing many policies and programmes to eradicate ……………..
5. The NFSA covers …………. of urban household.
Answers:
1. Consumer Cooperations
2. Buffer Stock
3. 1980
4. poverty
5. 50%

III. Match the following.

1.	ICDS	(a)	National Rural Health Mission
2.	RCH	(b)	Meal Programme
3.	NRHM	(c)	Emergency Ambulance Service
4.	TNHSP	(d)	Reproductive and Child Health Programme
5.	PTMGRNMP	(e)	Integrated Child Development Service

Answers:
1. (e)
2. (d)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (b)

IV. Short Answer:

Question 1.
Define Food.
Answer:
Food is defined as any substance that people eat and drink to maintain life.

Question 2.
Write the role of Consumer Cooperatives in Food Security.
Answer:
• Consumer Cooperatives play an important role in-the supply of quality goods of at responsible rates to common people.

• There is a three-tier structure of Consumer Cooperative Societies in India. They are primary consumer cooperative societies. Central consumer cooperative stores and state level consumer federations. There are many benefits to consumer cooperatives such as health care, insurance, housing etc.

• This scheme is playing an important role in food security in India. For ex. out of all fair price shops running in Tamil Nadu around 94% are being run by cooperatives.

Question 3.
What is meant by Absorption of food?
Answer:
Absorption of food is the ability to biologically utilise the food consumed.

Question 4.
Describe HYV:
Answer:
HYV means High Yielding Variety. It refers to hybrid or cultivars which are purposefully developed for high yielding. This motto of developing HYV started in the 1965 famine which also leads to the green revolution to feed the population of India.

Question 5.
Write a note on SMART family cards.
Answer:
The Government of Tamil Nadu has declared that Bio-metric SMART family cards will be issued in the place of family cards. The advantage is that since it is based on unique identity, the data duplication of members and bogus cards can be eliminated.

VIII. Answer the following in detail.

Question 1.
Write about the basic components of food and nutrition security.
Answer:
The term was broadened to include the three basic components of food and nutrition security. They are availability, access and absorption.
(i) Availability of food:
Availability of food is physical availability of food stocks in desired quantities, which is a function of domestic production, changes in stocks and imports.

(ii) Access to food:
Access to food is primarily a matter, of purchasing power and is therefore closely linked with the capabilities and employment opportunities to earn. Capabilities and opportunities in turn are related to one’s access to assets and education.

(iii) Absorption of food:
Absorption of food is the ability to biologically at line the food consumed. Several factors such as nutrition, knowledge and practices, safe and hygienic, environmental conditions allow for effective biological absorption of food and health status.

Question 2.
Explain Buffer stock scheme.
Answer:

1. Buffer stock is the stock of food grains namely wheat and rice, which are stored in granaries.
2. It is procured by the Government through the FCI food corporation of India from the States of surplus production.
3. The farmers are paid a pre-announced price for their crops which is called as Minimum Support Price.
4. The minimum support price is announced by the Government every year before the sowing season.
5. This is to provide incentives to farmers for raising the production of these crops.
6. The Buffer stock is done to distribute food grains in the deficit areas among the poor people in the society.
7. Since the price is lower than the market price, it is also called as the Issue Price.
8. The stored food helps to resolve the problem of shortage of food during adverse weather conditions or during the periods of calamity.