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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Solutions Chapter 12 Trends in Economic Zoology
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Trends in Economic Zoology Text Book Back Questions and Answers
Textbook Evaluation Solved
Choose The Correct Answer
Question 1.
Which one of the following is not related to vermiculture?
(i) Maintains soil fertility
(ii) Breakdown of inorganic matter
(iii) Gives porosity, aeration and moisture holding capacity
(iv) Degradation of non biodegradable solid waste
(a) (i) and (ii) is correct
(b) (iii) and (iv) is correct
(c) (ii) and (iv) is not correct
(d) (i) and (iii) is not correct
Answer:
(c) (ii) and (iv) is not correct
Question 2.
Which one of the following is not an endemic species of earthworm?
(a) Perionyx
(b) Lampito
(c) Eudrillus
(d) Octochaetona
Answer:
(c) Eudrillus
Question 3.
Match the following
(1) Bombyx mori – a) Champa – (1) Muga
(2) Antheraea assamensis – b) Mulberry – (II) Eri
(3) Antheraea mylitta – c) Arjun – (III)Tassar
(4) Attacus ricini – d) Castor – (IV) Mulberry Select the correct one.
(a) 1 – b – IV
(b) 2 – a – I
(c) 3 – c – III
(d) 4 – d – II
Answer:
(c) 3 – c – III
Question 4.
Silk is obtained from
(a) Laccifer lacca
(b) Nosema bombycis
(c) Attacus ricini
(d) Attacus mylitta
Answer:
(c) Attacus ricini
Question 5.
Assertion: Nuptial flight is a unique flight taken by the queen bee followed by several drones.
Reason: The queen bee produces a chemical substance called pheromone. The drones in that area are attracted to the pheromone and then mating takes place.
(a) Assertion and reason is correct but not related
(b) Assertion and reason is incorrect but related
(c) Assertion and reason is correct but related
(d) Assertion and reason is incorrect but not related
Answer:
(c) Assertion and reason is correct but related
Question 6.
Rearing of honey bee is called …………………..
(a) Sericulture
(b) Lac culture
(c) Vermiculture
(d) Apiculture
Answer:
(d) Apiculture
Question 7.
Which of the statement regarding Lac insect is TRUE?
(a) A microscopic, resinous crawling scale insect
(b) Inserts its proboscis into plant tissue suck juices and grows
(c) Secretes lac from the hind end of body
(d) The male lac insect is responsible for large scale production of lac
Answer:
(c) Secretes lac from the hind end of body
Question 8.
Aquaponics is a technique which is ……………….
(a) A combination of aquaculture and fish culture
(b) A combination of aquaculture and hydroponics
(c) A combination of vermiculture and hydroponics
(d) A combination of aquaculture and prawn culture
Answer:
(b) A combination of aquaculture and hydroponics
Question 9.
Prawn belongs to the class …………………
(a) Crustacea
(b) Annelida
(c) Coelenterata
(d) Echinodermata
Answer:
(a) Crustacea
Question 10.
Pearl oyster belongs to the Class …………………
(a) Gastropoda
(b) Cephalopoda
(c) Scaphapoda
(d) Pelecypoda
Answer:
(d) Pelecypoda
Question 11.
Inland fisheries are ………………..
(a) Deep sea fishing
(b) Capturing fishes from sea coast
(c) Raising and capturing fishes in fresh water
(d) Oil extraction from fish
Answer:
(c) Raising and capturing fishes in fresh water
Question 12.
Induced breeding technique is used in …………………
(a) Marine fishery
(b) Capture fishery
(c) Culture fishery
(d) Inland fishery
Answer:
(b) Capture fishery
Question 13.
Isinglass is used in …………………..
(a) Preparation
(b) Clearing of wines
(c) Distillation of wines
(d) Preservation of wines
Answer:
(b) Clearing of wines
Question 14.
Animal husbandry is the science of rearing, feeding and caring, breeding and disease control of animals. It ensures supply of proper nutrition to our growing population through activities like increased production and improvement of animal products like milk, eggs, meat, honey, etc.
(a) Poultry production depends upon the photoperiod. Discuss.
(b) Polyculture of fishes is of great importance.
Answer:
(a) Light is an important aspect in the poultry production. Light stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH. The wavelength between 400 and 700 nm is required. The decrease in the photoperiod will affect the egg production.
(b) A few selected fishes belonging to different species are stocked together in proper proportion in a pond. This mixed forming is termed as composite fish farming or polyculture. It is of great importance because
- All available riches are fully utilized
- Compatible species do not harm each other
- There is no competition among different species
Question 15.
Assertion: The best quality of pearl is known as lingha pearl and obtained from marine oysters.
Reason: Nacre is secreted continuously by the epithelial layer of the mantle and deposited around the foreign particle.
(a) Assertion is true, Reason is false
(b) Assertion and Reason are false
(c) Assertion is false But Reason is true
(d) Assertion and Reason are true
Answer:
(c) Assertion is false But Reason is true
Question 16.
Choose the correctly matched pair.
(a) Egg layers – Brahma
(b) Broiler types – Leghorn
(c) Dual purpose – White Plymouth rock
(d) Ornamental breeds – Silkie
Answer:
(d) Ornamental breeds – Silkie
Question 17.
Write the advantages of vermicomposting?
Answer:
- Vermicompost is rich in essential plant nutrients.
- It improves soil structure texture aeration and water holding capacity and prevents soil erosion.
- Vermicompost is rich in nutrients.
- Used as manure for terrace gardening.
- It enhances seed germination and ensures good plant growth.
Question 18.
Name the three castes in a honey bee colony?
Answer:
The Queen, Drones and Workers.
Question 19.
Name the following?
- The largest bee in the colony:
- The kind of flight which the new virgin queen takes along with the drones out of the hive:
Answer:
- The queen.
- Nuptial flight.
Question 20.
What are the main duties of a worker bee?
Answer:
- Secretion of royal jelly
- Prepares bee – bread to feed the larvae
- Feeds the queen
- Takes care of the queen and drones.
- Secretes bee wax
- Builds combs
- Cleans the combs.
- Guards the beehive
- Searches and gathers the pollen nectar and propolis and water.
Question 21.
What happens to the drones after mating flight?
Answer:
They die after copulation.
Question 22.
Give the economic importance of Silkworm?
Answer:
- Silk fibres are utilized in preparing silk clothes.
- Silk fibres are combined with natural or synthetic fibres to produce teri – silk, cot – silk.
- Silk is used in industries and for military purposes.
- It is used in the manufacturing of fishing fibres, parachutes, cartridge bags insulation coils for telephone wireless receivers
- It is used to manufacture tyres of racing cars, filter fibres, in medical dressing and as suture materials.
Question 23.
What are the Nutritive values of fishes?
Answer:
Economic importance of fish:-
Fishes form a rich source of protein food and provide a good staple food to tide over the nutritional needs of man. Fish species such as sardines, mackerel, tuna, herrings have high amino acids concentration particularly histidine which is responsible for the meaty flavor of the flesh. It is rich in fat such as omega 3 fatty acids. Minerals such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, manganese, iodine and copper.
Some of the fish by-products are: Fish oil is the most important fish by-product. It is derived from fish liver and from the fish body.
Fish liver oil is derived from the liver which is rich in vitamin A and D, whereas fish body oil has high content of iodine, not suitable for human consumption, but is used in the manufacture of laundry soaps, paints and cosmetics. Fish meal is prepared from fish waste after extracting oil from the fish.
The dried wastes are used to prepare food for pig, poultry and cattle. The wastes obtained during the preparation of fish meal are widely used as manure.
Isinglass is a high-grade collagen produced from dried air bladder or swim bladder of certain fishes viz. catfish and carps. The processed bladder which is dissolved in hot water forms a gelatin having adhesive property. It is primarily used for clarification of wine, beer and vinegar.
Question 24.
Give the economic importance of prawn fishery?
Answer:
- Prawn are widely cultured
- They are highly palatable.
- They are rich in glycogen protein with low-fat content.
- Commercially they provide good profit.
Question 25.
Give the economic importance of lac insect?
Answer:
Economic importance of Lac:-
- Lac is largely used as a sealing wax and adhesive for optical instruments.
- It is used in electric industry, as it is a good insulator.
- It is used in preparations of shoe and leather polishes and as a protective coating of wood.
- It is used in laminating paper board, photographs, engraved materials and plastic moulded articles.
- Used as a filling material for gold ornaments.
Question 26.
List any three common uses of shellac?
Answer:
- It is used in the preparation of shoes.
- Leather polishes.
- Used as a protective coating of wood.
Question 27.
Name any two trees on which lac insect grows?
Answer:
Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica.
Question 28.
What is seed lac?
Answer:
Lac cut from the host plant is called ‘stick lac’. The lac present on the twig is scraped and collected. After grinding, the unnecessary materials like dusts and fine particles are removed. The resultant lac is called ‘seed lac’.
Question 29.
Define cross breeding?
Answer:
Breeding between a superior male of one breed with a superior female of another breed. The cross-breed progeny have superior traits.
Question 30.
What are the advantages of artificial insemination?
Answer:
Advantages of artificial insemination:
- It increases the rate of conception
- It avoids genital diseases
- Semen can be collected from injured bulls which have desirable traits
- Superior animals located apart can be bred successfully
Question 31.
Discuss the various techniques adopted in cattle breeding?
Answer:
- Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology is a method of propagation of animals with desirable traits.
- This method is applied when the success rate of crossing is low even after insemination.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone is administered to cows for inducing follicular maturation and superovulation.
- 6-8 eggs can be produced by this technology.
- The eggs are taken from a genetic mother and fertilized artificially.
- The embryo at the 8 – 32 celled stage is transferred to a surrogate mother.
- For another round of ovulation, the same genetic mother is utilized.
- It is used in high milk-yielding females and high-quality meat production.
Question 32.
Mention the advantages of MOET?
Answer:
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology (MOET) is a method of propagation of animals with desirable traits. This technology is used to produce high milk yielding females and high quality meat yielding bulls in a short time.
Question 33.
Write the peculiar characters of duck?
Answer:
The peculiarity of Ducks:
- The body is fully covered with oily feathers.
- They have a layer of fat under their skin which prevents it from getting wet.
- They lay eggs at night or in the morning.
- The ducks feed on rice bran kitchen wastes waste fish and snails.
In – Questions Solved
Question 1.
My vennicompost manufacturing unit is plagued by a number of red ants. Are there any bio-friendly measures to tackle the menace as I do not want to use any chemicals?
Answer:
There are few bio-friendly measures to tackle the menace. For eg. Sprinkling of cinnamon powder or cloves can repel ants.
Question 2.
India has the distinction of producing all the four types of silk i.e.
(a) Mulberry silk (9-1.7%)
(b) Tasar silk (1.4%)
(c) Eri silk (6.4%) and
(d) Muga silk (0.5%) which are produced by different species of silkworms. Name the species that produces large amount and least amount of silk in India?
Answer:
Bombyx mori produces large amount of silk in India and Antheraea assamensis produces least amount of silk in India.
Question 3.
(a) Growing fish or other aquatic animals and plants together in an integrated system. The fish wastes provides nutrients for the plants and the plants filter the water. Additionally bacteria break down by-products such as ammonia?
(b) Growing plants in a nutrient solution instead of soil. Fish kept in the water provide the required nutrients. Write the appropriate scientific terms for above (a) and (b) and differentiate between them?
Answer:
(a) Aquaponics
(b) Hydroponics
Aquaponics |
Hydroponics |
1. It is a technique of combination of growing fish (aquaculture) and growing plants in non-soil media and nutrient-laden water (hydroponics) | 1. It is the method of growing plants in non-soil media and nutrient-laden water. |
2. It prevents toxic water run off. | 2. It provides fresh nutrients to the plants. |
3. It also maintains ecosystem balance by recycling the waste and excretory products by the fish. | 3. It provides scope for alternate method of plant cultivation. |
Question 4.
Why are fish so efficient at converting feed to flesh?
Answer:
Fish is more efficient in converting a greater proportion of feed they receive into flesh because as fish live in water they expend less energy to maintain internal body temperature and also by excreting a more simple form of urine (ammonia).
Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Zoology Trends in Economic Zoology Additional Questions & Answers
I. Choose The Correct Answer
Question 1.
During the process of vermiculture which of the following does not happen?
(a) Decomposition of organic food waste
(b) Supplying nutrients to the soil
(c) Use of earthworms in the process
(d) Synthesis of organic substances
Answer:
(d) Synthesis of organic substances
Question 2.
The breakdown of organic matter by the activity of the earthworms and its elimination from its body is called …………….
(a) Vermitech
(b) Vermicast
(c) Vermicompost
(d) Vermiculture
Answer:
(b) Vermicast
Question 3.
The technology of composting and bioremediation of soils and other activities by application of earthworm is called? …………………
(a) Vermitech
(b) Vermicast
(c) Vermicompost
(d) Vermiculture
Answer:
(a) Vermitech
Question 4.
Which is not related to humus formers?
(a) They are darker in colour
(b) They feed on organic matter
(c) They make the soil porous
(d) They are surface dwellers
Answer:
(c) They make the soil porous
Question 5.
Which of the following is the exotic species used for vermicomposting?
(a) Eudrilus eugeniae
(b) Lampito mauritii
(c) Periyonyx excavatus
(d) Octochaetona serrata
Answer:
(a) Eudrilus eugeniae
Question 6.
Antheraea mylitta feeds on ……………
(a) Mulberry
(b) Arjun
(c) Castor
(d) Champa
Answer:
(b) Arjun
Question 7.
Attacus ricini produces ……………. silk?
(a) Muga
(b) Tassar
(c) Mulberry
(d) Eri
Answer:
(d) Eri
Question 8.
The process of killing the cocoons is called ……………..
(a) Reeling
(b) Stifling
(c) Rearing
(d) Culturing
Answer:
(b) Stifling
Question 9.
Febrine is a dangerous disease to silkworms caused by ………………
(a) Streptococceus
(b) Nosema bombycis
(c) BmNPV
(d) Beauveria bassiana
Answer:
(b) Nosema bombycis
Question 10.
Muscardine is a- disease of silkworms caused by a …………………..
(a) Bacterium
(b) Virus
(c) Protozoan
(d) Fungus
Answer:
(d) Fungus
Question 11.
Among the honey bees, workers are ………………..
(a) Fertile females
(b) Fertile males
(c) Sterile females
(d) Sterile males
Answer:
(c) Sterile females
Question 12.
Honey is used as ………………..
(1) An antiseptic
(2) A laxative
(3) A sedative
(4) A substitute for sugar
(a) 1, 2, 3 only
(b) 2, 3, 4 only
(c) 2,4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, & 4
Answer:
(d) 1, 2, 3, & 4
Question 13.
Lac is secreted by lac insect for ………………
(a) Growth
(b) Development
(c) Protection
(d) Moulting
Answer:
(c) Protection
Question 14.
Growing plants in non-soil media and nutrient-laden water is called ……………….
(a) Aquaponics
(b) Hydroponics
(c) Aquaculture
(d) Apiculture
Answer:
(b) Hydroponics
Question 15.
Raft based method of aquaponic gardening is known as ………………..
(a) Deep water culture
(b) Aqua vertica
(c) Media based method
(d) Nutrient film technique
Answer:
(a) Deep water culture
Question 16.
Culturing of animals in the water having salinity range 0.5-30 ppt are called as ………………
(a) Freshwater aquaculture
(b) Marine water aquaculture
(c) Brackish water aquaculture
(d) Metahaline culture
Answer:
(c) Brackish water aquaculture
Question 17.
Culturing of animals in the water salinity ranges from 30-35% is called ……………
(a) Brackish water aquaculture
(b) Mariculture
(c) Metahalive culture
(d) Fresh water aquaculture
Answer:
(b) Mariculture
Question 18.
Labeo and catla belong to ………………. fishes?
(a) Indigenous fresh water
(b) Salt water
(c) Exotic
(d) Brackish water
Answer:
(a) Indigenous fresh water
Question 19.
In composite fish farming …………………. are stocked together in proper proportion in a pond?
(a) Different species of fishes
(b) Fishes of the same species
(c) All animals
(d) All plants and animals
Answer:
(a) Different species of fishes
Question 20.
Fish liver oil is rich in vitamins ……………
(a) A & B
(b) A & C
(c) A & D
(d) A & E
Answer:
(c) A & D
Question 21.
The best quality of pearl is obtained from …………… oysters?
(a) Land
(b) Brackish water
(c) Fresh water
(d) Marine
Answer:
(d) Marine
Question 22.
Breeding between animals of the same breed for 4-6 generation is called ……………
(a) Outbreeding
(b) Inbreeding
(c) Cross breeding
(d) Outcrossing
Answer:
(A) Inbreeding
Question 23.
The breeding between unrelated animals is called ……………
(a) Inbreeding
(b) Cross breeding
(c) Outbreeding
(d) Outcrossing
Answer:
(c) Outbreeding
Question 24.
Breeding between a superior male of one breed with a superior female of another breed is called ……………
(a) Inbreeding
(b) Outbreeding
(c) Outcrossing
(d) Cross breeding
Answer:
(d) Cross breeding
Question 25.
Jersy is a breed?
(a) Milch
(b) Drought purpose
(c) Dual purpose
(d) Common
Answer:
(a) Milch
Question 26.
Leghorns are preferred in commercial farms because ……………
(a) They give good quality flesh
(b) They mature late
(c) They mature early and begin to lay eggs at the age of 5 months
(d) They look beautiful
Answer:
(c) They mature early and begin to lay eggs at the age of 5 months
Question 27.
…………… is a dual purpose chicken breed?
(a) Aseel
(b) Silkie
(c) Brahma
(d) White plymouth rock
Answer:
(c) Brahma
Question 28.
The incubation period of chick embryo development is …………… days?
(a) 10-12
(b) 21-22
(c) 25-30
(d) 15-17
Answer:
(b) 21-22
Question 29.
Ranikhet, Coccidiosis and Fowl pox are ……………
(a) Chicken breeds
(b) Types of poultry farming
(c) Poultry diseases
(d) Types of breeding methods
Answer:
(c) Poultry diseases
Question 30.
Which of the following is the native breed of duck?
(a) Pekin
(b) Campbell
(c) Muscori
(d) Syhlet meta
Answer:
(d) Syhlet meta
II. Fill in the Blanks.
Question 1.
…………… are called as ‘farmer’s friends’.
Answer:
(Earthworms)
Question 2.
The breakdown of organic matter by the activity of the earthworms and its elimination from its body is called ……………
Answer:
(Vermicast)
Question 3.
Humus feeders are …………… worms.
Answer:
(Burrowing)
Question 4.
…………… are the earthworms used for vermicomposting.
Answer:
(Humus feeders)
Question 5.
The exotic species of earthworms are ……………
Answer:
(Eisenia fetida/Eudrilus eugeniae)
Question 6.
…………… is a liquid collected after the passage of water through a column of vermibed.
Answer:
(Vermiwash)
Question 7.
Vermiwash is obtained from formed by earthworms.
Answer:
(Burrows/drilospheres)
Question 8.
Production of silk from the silkworm by rearing practices on a commercial scale is called ……………
Answer:
(Sericulture)
Question 9.
The eggs of silkworms after ten days of incubation hatch into larva called as ……………
Answer:
(Caterpillar)
Question 10.
The cultivation of mulberry is called as ……………
Answer:
(Moriculture)
Question 11.
The process of killing the cocoons is called ……………
Answer:
(Stifling)
Question 12.
The process of removing the threads of silk from the killed cocoon is called ……………
Answer:
(Reeling)
Question 13.
Nosema bombycis causes …………… to silkworms,
Answer:
(Pobrine)
Question 14.
…………… is the viral disease of Bombyx mori caused by BmNPV.
Answer:
(Grasserie)
Question 15.
White muscardine is caused by a fungus
Answer:
(Beauveria bassiana)
Question 16.
Apiculture is the care and management of on a commercial scale.
Answer:
(honeybees)
Question 17.
…………… is the Indian honey bee,
Answer:
(Apis indica)
Question 18.
…………… is the rock bee.
Answer:
(Apis dorsata)
Question 19.
…………… is the little bee.
Answer:
(Apisflorea)
Question 20.
Apis mellifera is the …………… bee.
Answer:
(European)
Question 21.
……………. is the functional female bee present in each bee hive.
Answer:
(Queen)
Question 22.
The Queen bee produces …………… to attract drones.
Answer:
(Pheromone)
Question 23.
Among the honey bees, are sterile females.
Answer:
(Workers)
Question 24.
………………. is the functional male member of the honey bee colony.
Answer:
(Drone)
Question 25.
A unique flight by the queen bee followed by several drones is called ……………
Answer:
(Nuptial flight)
Question 26.
The process of leaving the colony by the queen with a large group of worker bees to form a new colony is called ……………
Answer:
(Swarming)
Question 27.
Honey is used as an antiseptic, laxative and as a ……………
Answer:
(Sedative)
Question 28.
The resinous chemical substance present in the bee wax is called ……………
Answer:
(Propolis)
Question 29.
Lac is produced by the lac insect
Answer:
(Laccifer lacca/Tachardia lacca)
Question 30.
Karanagalli is the host plant for ……………
Answer:
(Lac insect)
Question 31.
The mass emergence of larvae from the eggs of lac in search of a host plant is called ……………
Answer:
(Swarming)
Question 32.
A condition in which a secondary parasite develops within a previously existing parasite is called ……………
Answer:
(Hyper-parasitism)
Question 33.
The collection of lac from the host plant is known as ……………
Answer:
(Harvesting)
Question 34.
Lac cut from the host plant is called ……………
Answer:
(Stick lac)
Question 35.
The seed lac is sundried and then melted to produce ……………
Answer:
(Shellac)
Question 36.
Growing fish is known as ……………
Answer:
(Aquaculture)
Question 37.
Chanos chanos are cultured in ……………
Answer:
(Brackish water)
Question 38.
Culturing of animals in the salinity ranges from 36-40% is called …………… culture.
Answer:
(Metahaline)
Question 39.
…………… is commonly known as the brine shrimp.
Answer:
(Artemia)
Question 40.
Catla, Labeo are fresh water fishes.
Answer:
(Native/indigenous)
Question 41.
Fish oil is derived from the …………… of fish.
Answer:
(Liver)
Question 42.
……………… is prepared from fish waste after extracting oil from the fish.
Answer:
(Fish meal)
Question 43.
………………. is a high-grade collagen produced from the dried air bladder of catfish.
Answer:
(Isinglass)
Question 44.
Prawn is rich in …………… protein with low-fat content.
Answer:
(Glycogen)
Question 45.
Most of the marine prawns caught along the Indian coast belongs to the family ……………
Answer:
(Penaeidae)
Question 46.
Metapenaeus dobsoni is a species of ……………
Answer:
(Prawn)
Question 47.
Freshwater bivalve …………… is used in artificial pearl culture.
Answer:
(Lamellidens)
Question 48.
The piece of tissue which is inserted inside the mantle of the oyster is called as …………… tissue.
Answer:
(Graft)
Question 49.
90% of pearl is ……………
Answer:
(Calcium carbonate)
Question 50.
The best quality of a pearl is obtained from …………… oysters.
Answer:
(Marine)
Question 51.
The practice of breeding and raising livestock is called as ……………
Answer:
(Animal husbandry)
Question 52.
……………… increases homozygosity and exposes harmful recessive genes.
Answer:
(Inbreeding)
Question 53.
…………… helps to produce new and favourable traits, new breeds, and hybrids-with superior qualities
Answer:
(Outbreeding)
Question 54.
……………….. is a technique in which the semen collected from the male is injected to the reproductive tract of the selected female.
Answer:
(Artificial insemination)
Question 55.
…………… is the production and marketing of milk and its products.
Answer:
(Dairying)
Question 56.
Sindhi, Gir, Jersy are …………… breeds.
Answer:
(Dairy/Milch)
Question 57.
…………… is the rearing and propagation of avian species.
Answer:
(Poultry)
Question 58.
…………… is the type of chicken breeds well known for fast growth and soft quality meat.
Answer:
(Broiler)
Question 59.
Caring and management of young chicks for 4-6 weeks immediately after hatching is called ……………
Answer:
(Brooding)
Question 60.
Ranikhet is a …………… disease.
Answer:
(Poultry)
Question 61.
Domesticated ducks have been derived from the wild duck named ……………
Answer:
(Anas Aoscav/Mallard)
Question 62.
Droppings of poultry can be used as in …………… fields.
Answer:
(Manure)
Question 63.
The droppings of poultry are rich in nitrogen, potash and ……………
Answer:
(Phosphates)
Question 64.
Eggs and poultry meat are the richest sources of …………… and vitamins.
Answer:
(Proteins)
III. Answer The Following Questions
Question 1.
What are the avenues the zoologists hired for?
Answer:
- Zoo
- wildlife services
- Botanical gardens
- Conservation organizations
- National park
- Nature reserves
- Universities
- Laboratories
- aquariums
- Veterinary hospitals
Question 2.
How are animals classified on the basis of economic importance?
Answer:
- Animals for food and food products
- Economically beneficial animals
- Animals of aesthetic importance
- Animals for scientific research
Question 3.
What is Vermiculture?
Answer:
Vermiculture is the process of using earthworms to decompose organic food waste, into a nutrient-rich material capable of supplying necessary nutrients which help to sustain plant growth.
Question 4.
What is Vermitech?
Answer:
Applications of earthworm in the technology of composting and bioremediation of soils and other activities is called Vermitech.
Question 5.
Name the pests of earthworms.
Answer:
Ants, springtails centipedes slugs mites birds rats, snakes toads, and other animals which feed on worms.
Question 6.
What is Vermicast?
Answer:
The breakdown of organic matter by the activity of the earthworms and its elimination from its body is called vermicast.
Question 7.
What are the different groups of earthworms?
Answer:
There are two major groups of earthworms. The humus formers dwell on the surface and feed on organic matter. They are generally darker in colour. They are used for vermicomposting. The humus feeders are burrowing worms that are useful in making the soil porous and mixing and distributing humus throughout the soil.
Question 8.
What are endemic species and exotic species of earthworms?
Answer:
The native species of earthworms cultured in India for vermicomposting such as Periyonyx excavatus, Lampito mauritii, Octochaetona Serrata are endemic species. Some earthworm species introduced from other countries such as Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae are exotic species.
Question 9.
What is Vermicompost?
Answer:
Vermicompost is. the compost produced by the action of earthworms in association with all other organisms in the compost unit.
Question 10.
Write a note on Vermiwash?
Answer:
Vermiwash is a liquid collected after the passage of water through a column of vermibed. It is useful as a foliar spray to enhance plant growth and yield. It is obtained from the burrows or drilospheres formed by earthworms. Nutrients, plant growth promoter substances, and some useful microorganisms are present in vermiwash.
Question 11.
Which is called friends of farmers? why is it called so?
Answer:
- The earthworm is called as farmer’s friends
- Hence they play a vital role in maintaining soil fertility.
Question 12.
What, are the internal parasites of earthworms?
Answer:
Protozoans, some nematodes and the larvae of certain flies.
Question 13.
What are the advantages of vermicompost?
Answer:
- Vermicompost is rich in essential plant nutrients.
- It improves soil structure texture, aeration, and water holding capacity and prevents soil erosion.
- Vermicompost is rich in nutrients and an eco-friendly amendment to soil for farming and terrace gardening.
- It enhances seed germination and ensures good plant growth.
Question 14.
Which is called a silk road?
Answer:
The 7000 miles lengthy road passing through Baghdad, Tashkent Damascus, and Istanbul is called as silk road which is used for silk transport.
Question 15.
What are the components of sericulture?
Answer:
- Cultivation of food plants for the silkworms,
- Rearing of silkworms, and
- Reeling and spinning of silk.
The first two are agricultural and the last one is an industrial component. Only felt species of silkworms are used in the sericulture industry.
Question 16.
Tabulate the different types of silkworm?
Answer:
Question 17.
What are the various races of Bombyx mori?
Answer:
On the basis of the moults they undergo in the larval stage, B. mori is divided into three races. They are:
- Tri moulters – 3 moults
- Tetra moulters – 4 moults
- Penta moulters – 5 moults
- On the basis of voltinism (the number of broods raised per year), three kinds of races are recognised. They are:
- Univoltines – one brood only
- Bivoltines – two broods only
- Multivoltines – more than two broods
Question 18.
What is Moriculture?
Answer:
The cultivation of mulberry is called Moriculture.
Question 19.
What are the improved mulberry varieties?
Answer:
Victory 1, S3 6, G2 and G4
Question 20.
What is the favourable season for cultivating mulberry plants?
Answer:
June, July, November, and December
Question 21.
What is stifling?
Answer:
The process of killing the cocoons is called stifling,
Question 22.
What is reeling?
Answer:
The process of removing the threads from the killed cocoon is called reeling.
Question 23.
What is meant by voltinism?
Answer:
It refers to the number of broods raised per year.
Univoltines- one brood only
Bivoltines- two broods only
Multivoltines- more than two broods.
Question 24.
What are the uses of honey wax?
Answer:
- It is used for making candles waterproofing materials.
- Polishes for floors furniture appliances leather and taps.
- These hives are found hanging vertically from the rocks, building or branches of trees.
- The young stages of honey bee accomodate the lower and central cells of the hive.
- In the rock bees hives there are separate cells for queens, worker and drones.
Question 25.
Write a note on the diseases and pests of silkworms? Diseases and Pests of Silkworm?
Answer:
The profitable silk industry is threatened by various diseases caused by the virus, fungal, bacterial and protozoan infections but also by insect predators, birds and other higher animals. Ants, crows, kites, rats, feed upon silkworms thereby causing a great loss to silk industry.
Pebrine, is a dangerous disease to silkworms and the causative organism is Nosema bombycis, a protozoan. This silkworm disease is transmitted through the egg of the mother silkworm and also through ingestion of contaminated food.
Flacherie generally occurs in the mature larvae and is caused mainly by bacteria like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Grasserie is a most dominant and serious viral disease.
It is caused by Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) a Baculovinis, which belongs to subgroup ‘A’ of the Baculoviridae. Among the fungal diseases, white muscardine is common. This disease is caused by the fungus Beauveria bassiana.
Question 26.
What is Apiculture?
Answer:
The care and management of honey bees on a commercial scale for the production of honey is called Apiculture or Beekeeping.
Question 27.
What are the types of bees?
Answer:
- Apis dorsata – Rock bee
- Apisflorea – Little bee
- Apisindica – Indian bee
- Apis mellifera – European bee
- Apis adamsoni – African bee
Question 28.
Comment on the social organization of honey bees?
Answer:
In honey bees, a highly organized division of labour is found. A well-developed honey bee colony consists of the Queen, Drones, and Workers. All the three types depend on each other for their existence. There is normally one queen, 10,000 to 30,000 workers and few hundred drones (male bees) in a colony.
Question 29.
Write a note on Queen, Worker, and Drones?
Answer:
Queen:
- It is a functional female present in each hive.
- It feeds on royal jelly.
- Its function is to lay eggs throughout its life span.
- It lays about 15 lakh eggs.
Workers:
- Workers are sterile females and the smallest of all the bees.
- Each worker bee secretes royal jelly, prepares bee-bread to feed the larvae, feeds the queen, takes care of the queen and drones, secretes bee wax, builds combs, cleans and fans the bee hive.
- It guards the bee hive, gathers pollen, nectar, propolis and water.
Drones:
- Drones are the fuctional male members of the colony.
- The sole duty of the drone is to fertilize the virgin queen and hence called ‘king of the colony’.
Question 30.
What is nuptial flight?
Answer:
During the breeding season in winter, a unique flight taken by the queen bee followed by , several drones is called nuptial flight.
Question 31.
What are the objectives of animal breeding?
Answer:
- To improve growth rate.
- Enhancing the production of milk meat egg etc.
- Increasing the quality of animal products.
- Improved resistance to diseases.
- Increased reproductive rate.
Question 32.
Explain the parts of the Langstroth beehive?
Answer:
The Langstroth beehive is made up of wood and consists of six parts.
(1) Stand is the basal part of the hive on which the hive is constructed. The stands are adjusted to make a slope for rain water to drain
(2) Bottom board is situated above the stand and forms the proper base for the hive. It has two gates, one gate functions as an entrance while the other acts as an exit.
(3) Brood chamber is the most important part of the hive. It is provided with 5 to 10 frames arranged one above the other through which the workers can easily pass. The frame is composed of wax sheet which is held in vertical position up by a couple of wires. Every sheet of wax is known as Comb Foundation. The comb foundation helps in obtaining a regular strong worker brood cell comb which can be used repeatedly.
(4) Super is also a chamber without cover and base. It is provided with many frames containing comb foundation to provide additional space for expansion of the hive. 5) Inner cover is a wooden piece used for covering the super with many holes for proper ventilation. 6) Top cover is meant for protecting the colonies from rains. It is covered with a sheet which is plain and sloping.
Question 33.
What is comb foundation?
Answer:
Comb foundation is a sheet of bee wax, on both sides of which the exact shape of different cells of the comb is made in advance.
Question 34.
What is the use of Bee gloves?
Answer:
Bee gloves are used by beekeepers for protecting their hands while inspecting the hives.
Question 35.
What is Bee veil?
Answer:
A bee veil is a device made of fine nettings to protect the bee-keeper from bee sting.
Question 36.
What is the use of Smoker?
Answer:
Smoker is used to scaring the bees during hive maintenance and honey collection by releasing smoke.
Question 37.
What is a hive tool?
Answer:
Hive Tool is a flat, narrow and long piece of iron which helps in scraping excess propolis or wax from hive parts.
Question 38.
What is the use of:
(a) Uncapping knife
(b) Bee brush
(c) Queen introducing cage
(d) Feeders
(e) Honey Extractor
(f) Hive Entrance Guard
Answer:
(a) Uncapping knife:
Uncapping knife is a long knife which helps in removing the cap from the combs as a first step in honey extraction.
(b) Bee Brush:
Bee brush is a large brush often employed to brush off bees from honeycombs particularly at the time of extraction.
(c) Queen introducing cage:
Queen introducing cage is a pipe made of wire nets used for keeping the queen for about 24 hours for acquaintance with the hive and worker bees.
(d) Feeder:
Feeder is a basin with sugar syrup covered by grass to feed the bees during the drought season. The grass prevents the bees from sinking into the syrup.
(e) Honey Extractor:
Honey Extractor is a stainless-steel device which spins the combs rapidly to extract honey.
(f) Hive Entrance Guard:
Hive Entrance Guard is a device similar to a queen excluder in front of the hive entrance which prevents the escape of queen during warming season.
Question 39.
What are the products of beekeeping?
Answer:
Products of bee keeping and their economic importance. The chief products of bee keeping industry are honey and bee wax. Honey is the healthier substitute for sugar.
The major constituents of honey are: levulose, dextrose, maltose, other sugars, enzymes, pigments, ash and water. It is an aromatic sweet material derived from nectar of plants. It is a natural food, the smell and taste depend upon the pollen taken by the honey bee. It is used as an antiseptic, laxative and as a sedative.
It is generally used in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine. It is also used in the preparation of cakes, bread and biscuits. Bee wax is secreted by the abdomen of the worker bees at the age of two weeks. The wax is masticated and mixed with the secretions of the cephalic glands to convert it into a plastic resinous substance.
The resinous chemical substance present in the wax is called propolis which is derived from pollen grains. The pure wax is white in colour and the yellow colour is due to the presence of carotenoid pigments. It is used for making candles, water proofing materials, polishes for floors, furniture, appliances, leather and taps. It is also used for the production of comb foundation sheets in bee keeping and used in pharmaceutical industries.
Question 40.
What is Lac culture?
Answer:
The culture of lac insect using techniques for the procurement of lac on large scale is known as Lac culture.
Question 41.
Name the insect that produces Lac?
Answer:
Tachardia lacca.
Question 42.
What is ‘swarming’?
Answer:
The mass emergence of larvae from the egg in search of a host plant is called ‘swarming’.
Question 43.
What is hyper-parasitism?
Answer:
Hyper-parasitism – A condition in which a secondary parasite develops within a previously existing parasite.
Question 44.
What is harvesting? Write on the types of lac?
Answer:
The collection of lac from the host plant is known as harvesting. Harvesting may be done before swarming (immature) or after swarming (mature). Immature harvesting produces ‘Ari lac’ whereas mature harvesting produces the mature lac. Lac cut from the host plant is called ‘Stick lac’.
The lac present on the twig is scraped and collected. After grinding, the unnecessary materials like dust and fine particles are removed. The resultant lac is called ‘seed lac’. The seedlac is sun-dried and then melted to produce ‘shellac’.
Question 45.
What is the economic importance of fishes?
Answer:
- Fish species such as sardines mackerel tuna have high amino acid concentrations.
- The amino acids histidine is responsible for the meaty flavor of the fish.
- It is rich in fat such as omega 3 fatty acids.
- Minerals such as calcium phosphorous potassium Iron and iodine are present in fishes.
Question 46.
What are the methods of aquaponic gardening?
Answer:
(i) Deep water culture is otherwise known as raft based method. In this method, a raft floats in water. Plants are kept in the holes of the raft and the roots float in water. This method is applicable for larger commercial-scale systems. By this, method fast-growing plants are cultivated.
(ii) Media based method involves growing plants in inert planting media like clay pellets or shales. This method is applicable for home and hobby scale systems. A larger number of fruiting plants, leafy green plants, herbs, and other varieties of plants can be cultivated.
(iii) Nutrient Film technique involves the passage of nutrient-rich water through a narrow trough or PVC pipe. Plants are kept in the holes of the pipe to allow the roots to be in free contact with in the water stream.
(iv) Aqua Vertica is otherwise known as vertical aquaponics. Plants are stacked on top of each other in tower systems. Water flows in through the top of the tower. This method is suitable for growing leafy greens, strawberries, and other crops that do not need supporting solid substratum to grow.
Question 47.
What are the advantages of Aquaponic gardening?
Answer:
Advantages of Aquaponic gardening.
Water conservation:
No need of water discharge and recharge as the water is maintained by the recycling process.
Soil:
Bottom soil may be loaded with freshwater. Microbes in water can convert the waste materials into usable forms like ammonia into nitrates which are used by the plants. Thus the soil fertility is maintained.
Pesticides:
In this system use of pesticides is avoided and hence it is eco-friendly.
Weeds:
Since the plants are cultured in confined conditions, the growth of weeds is completely absent. The utilization of nutrients by plants is high in this method.
Artificial food for fishes:
In this system plant waste and decays are utilized by fishes as food. So, the need for the use of supplementary feed can be minimized.
Fertilizer usage:
Artificial or chemical fertilizers is not required for this system since the plants in the aquaponics utilize the nutrients from the fish wastes dissolved in water.
Question 48.
What are the fauna and flora cultured, and cultivated in aquaponics?
Answer:
Cultivable fishes like tilapia, trout, koi, goldfish, bass, etc., are cultured in aquaponics. Common cultivable plants like tomato, pepper, lettuce, cucumber, and rose are co-cultivated in this method.
Question 49.
What is aquaculture?
Answer:
Aquaculture is a branch of science that deals with the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants.
Question 50.
Give notes on Quality for pearls?
Answer:
- The pearls obtained are of variable shapes and sizes.
- They may be white or cream red or pink-red in colour.
- The spherical pearls of rainbow colour are rarely found.
- Pearl obtained from freshwater bivalves is not as valuable as those obtained from marine oysters.
Question 51.
What is pisciculture?
Answer:
Culturing of fishes is called fish culture or pisciculture.
Question 52.
What should be the pH and salinity of freshwater used for aquaculture?
Answer:
the pH of the freshwater should be around neutral and salinity below 5ppt.
Question 53.
Write a short note on Brackish water fishes?
Answer:
Brackish water fishes spend most of their life in river mouths (estuaries) back waters, mangrove swamps, and coastal lagoons. Estuarine fish are more common in Bengal and Kerala. Culturing of animals in the water having salinity range 0.5 – 30 ppt are called brackish water culture. Fishes cultured in brackish water are Milkfish (Chanos Chanos), Sea bass (‘Koduva’), Grey mullet (‘Madavai’), Pearl spots (‘Kari’meen), etc.
Question 54.
What are the varieties of marine fisheries?
Answer:
Mackerels, sardines, sharks, catfish.
Question 55.
What are the types of chicken breeds?
Answer:
- They are egg layers
- Broiler types
- Dual type
- Games type
- Ornamental types
Question 56.
What is Metahaline culture?
Answer:
Culturing of animals in the water salinity ranges from 36 – 40% is called Metahaline culture. Eg, Brine shrimp (Artemia salina).
Question 57.
What is Artemia?
Answer:
Artemia is commonly known as brine shrimp. It is a crustacean and lives in high saline waters because of its high osmoregulatory capacity.
Question 58.
What are the characteristics of cultivable fishes?
Answer:
Characteristics of cultivable fishes.
The special characteristic features of cultivable fishes are:
- Fishes should have high growth rate in short period of culture.
- They should accept a supplementary diet.
- They should be hardy enough to resist some common diseases and infection of parasites.
- Fishes proposed for poly culture should be able to live together without interfering or attacking other fishes.
- They should have high conversion efficiency so that they can effectively utilize the food.
Question 59.
What are the types of cultivable fishes?
Answer:
Types of cultivable fish:
Cultivable fish are of 3 types:-
- Indigenous or native freshwater fishes (Major carps, Catla, Labeo, Clarias).
- Saltwater fishes acclimatized to freshwater (Chanos, Mullet).
- Exotic fishes are imported from other counties (Common carps).
Question 60.
Give an account of honey wax?
Answer:
- Bee wax is secreted by the abdomen of the worker bees at the age of two weeks.
- The wax is masticated and mixed with the secretion of the cephalic glands to convert it into a plastic resinous substance called propolis.
- The pure wax is white in colour.
- The yellow colour is due to the presence of carotenoid pigments
Question 61.
What are the external factors affecting fish culture?
Answer:
External factors affecting fish culture. The factors that affect fish culture are temperature, light rain, water, flood, water current, turbidity of water, pH hardness, salinity and dissolved O2. Light and temperature also play an important role in fish breeding.
Question 62.
What are the uses of honey?
Answer:
- Honey is the healthier substitute for sugar.
- The major constituents of honey are levulose dextrose maltose other sugars enzymes pigments ash and water.
- It is used as an antiseptic laxative and as a sedative.
- It is used in Ayurvedic and unani systems of medicine.
- It is also used in the preparation of cakes breads and biscuits.
Question 63.
What are the advantages of composite fish farming?
Answer:
The advantages include:-
- All available niches are fully utilized.
- Compatible species do not harm each other.
- No competition among different species is found.
- Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala (surface feeder) are the commonly used fish species for composite fish farming.
Question 64.
What are exotic fishes?
Answer:
Exotic fishes. The fishes imported into a country for fish culture are called exotic fishes and such fish culture is known as exotic fish culture. Examples of such exotic fishes introduced in India are Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis mossambicus.
Question 65.
What are the types of Prawn fishery?
Answer:
Types of prawn fishery
- Shallow water prawn fishery – located on the west coast restricted to shallow waters.
- Estuaries and back waters or saline lake prawn fishery – The area of production of prawns are the back waters seen along the Western coast, Ennur, Pulicat, Chilka lake and Estuaries of Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers.
- Freshwater prawn fishery – Prawns are caught from the rivers and lakes throughout India.
- Marine prawn fishery – Most of the marine prawns are caught along the Indian coast belonging to the .family Penaeidae.
Question 66.
What are species of Prawn distributed in water bodies?
Answer:
Species of prawn:
A number of species of prawn are distributed in water resources such as Penaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon, Metapenaeus dobsoni and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Question 67.
Name the genus that produces high quality pearls?
Answer:
Pinctada.
Question 68.
How is pearl formed?
Answer:
Pearl Formation:
When a foreign particle accidentally enters into the space between mantle and shell of the oyster, it adheres to the mantle. The mantle epithelium encloses it like a sac and starts to secrete concentric layers of nacre around it as a defensive mechanism.
Nacre is secreted continuously by the epithelial layer of the mantle and is deposited around the foreign particle and over a period time the formation of repeated layers of calcium carbonate makes the hard and glossy pearl. When the pearl enlarges the oyster dies. The shell is then carefully opened and the pearls are manually separated and graded.
Question 69.
What are the steps of insertion of nucleus into oyster?
Answer:
Following steps are taken for the insertion of nucleus:-
a. Fitness of oyster for operation:
The selected oysters for the insertion of nucleus should be healthy and strong enough to overcome the stress during operation.
b. Preparation of graft tissues:
The piece of tissue which is inserted inside the mantle is called as ‘GRAFT’ tissue. The outer edges of these graft squares must be known because nacre secreting cells are found only on the outer surface of the mantle so it is essential to keep the outer surface in contact with the inserted nucleus.
c. Preparation of the nucleus:
Any small particle may function as nucleus to initiate the pearl formation but it is reported that calcareous nucleus is the best because the deposition of nacre was found to be more on calcarious nucleus.
d. Insertion of nucleus:
For the insertion of nucleus, oysters are fixed in a desk clamp in the position of right valve facing upward. Mantle folds are smoothly touched to expose the foot and the main body mass, followed by an incision into the epithelium of the foot and a slender channel into the main mass one graft tissue which functions as a bed for the nucleus.
e. Post-operation care:
Nucleated oysters are placed into cages and suspended into sea water and attached with floating rafts to a depth of 2 to 3 metres for about 6 to 7 days to recover from the shocks due to operation. This period of 6 to 7 days is known as the ‘Recovery period’. About 3000 to 3600 nucleated oysters are kept in different cages suspended in seawater at 2 to 3 meters depth for 3 to 6 years and undisturbed except at the time of clearing and inspection.
f. Harvesting of pearl:
Pearls are harvested in the month of December to February which may slightly vary according to climatic conditions. After the completion of 3 years of the insertion of nucleus, pearl oysters are harvested from the sea and the pearls are taken out from the shell.
g. Clearing of pearls:
After taking out the pearls from the oyster’s shell they are washed properly, cleared with the soap solution.
Question 70.
What is the composition of pearl?
Answer:
Composition of pearl:
Pearl comprises water, organic matter, calcium carbonate, and residue.
- Water: 2-4%
- Organic matter: 3.5-5.9%
- Calcium carbonate: 90% and
- Residue: 0.1-0.8% carbonate: 90%
Question 71.
What is Animal husbandry?
Answer:
Animal husbandry is the practice of breeding and raising livestock cattles like cows, buffaloes, and goats and birds etc. that are useful to human beings.
Question 72.
What are the objectives of animal breeding?
Answer:
Objectives of Animal breeding
- To improve growth rate.
- Enhancing the production of milk, meat, eggs, etc.
- Increasing the quality of animal products.
- Improved resistance to diseases.
- Increased reproductive rate.
Question 73.
List the advantages of Aquaponic gardening.
Answer:
Water conservation – No need for water discharge and recharge as the water is maintained by the recycling process.
Soil – Microbes in water convert ammonia into nitration and thus maintained soil fertility.
Pesticides – In this system use of pesticides is avoided.
Weeds – Growth of weed is absent. Hence the utilization of nutrients by plants is high. Artificial food for fishes – In this plant waste is utilized by fishes as food hence no need for the use of supplementary feed.
Fertilization – Artificial fertilizers are not required for this system since the plants in the aquaponics utilize the nutrients from the fish wastes dissolved in water.
Question 74.
What is Outcrossing?
Answer:
Out crossing:
It is the breeding between unrelated animals of the same breed but having no common ancestry. The offspring of such a cross is called an outcross. This method is suitable for breeding animals below average in productivity.
Question 75.
What is Cross breeding?
Answer:
Crossbreeding:
Breeding between a superior male of one breed with a superior female of another breed. The cross-bred progeny has superior traits (hybrid vigour or heterosis).
Question 76.
What is Interspecific hybridization?
Answer:
Interspecific hybridization. In this method of breeding, mating is between males and females of two different species. The progeny obtained from such crosses are different from their parents, and may possess the desirable traits of the parents.
Question 77.
What is Artificial insemination?
Answer:
Artificial insemination. Artificial insemination is a technique in which the semen collected from the male is injected to the reproductive tract of the selected female.
Question 78.
Explain the Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET)?
Answer:
Multiple ovulation embryo transfer technology (MOET). It is another method of propagation of animals with desirable traits. This method is applied when the success rate of crossing is low even after artificial insemination. In this method Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is administered to cows for inducing follicular maturation and super ovulation. Instead of one egg per cycle, 6-8 eggs can be produced by this technology.
The eggs are carefully recovered non-surgically from the genetic mother and fertilized artificially. The embryos at 8-32 celled stages are recovered and transferred to a surrogate mother. For another round of ovulation, the same genetic mother is utilized. This technology can be applied to cattle, sheep, and buffaloes. The advantage of this technology is to produce high milk-yielding females and high-quality meat yielding bulls in a short time.
Question 79.
What is meant by outbreeding? What are its merits and demerits?
Answer:
The breeding between unrelated animals is called outbreeding.
Merits:
- Individuals produced do not have common ancestors for 4-6 generations.
- It will produce new and favorable traits to produce hybrids with superior quality to produce a new breed.
- New favourable genes can be introduced into a population.
Question 80.
What are the groups of cattle?
Answer:
(I) Dairy breeds or Milch breeds:
They are high milk yielders with an extended lactation.
Eg., Sindhi, Gir, Sahiwal, Jersy, Brown Swiss, Holstein cattle.
(II) Draught purpose breeds:
Bullocks are good for draught purposes.
Eg. Kangayam, Malvi.
(III) Dual Purpose breeds:
Cows are meant for yielding more milk and bullocks are used for better drought purposes.
Eg. Ongole, Hariana.
Question 81.
Distinguish between healthy cattle and ill cattle?
Answer:
S.No |
Healthy Cattle |
Ill Cattle |
1. | A healthy cattle eats, drinks, and sleeps well regularly. | An ill cattle do not eat, drink and sleep properly. |
2. | It appears bright, alert, and active in their movement with a shiny coat. | An ill cattle appear dull, has restless, and changes posture frequently with a drop in milk yield. |
Question 82.
Name the main diseases of dairy cattle?
Answer:
Rinderpest, foot and mouth disease, cowpox, hemorrhagic fever, anthrax.
Question 83.
Give an account of Duck forming?
Answer:
- The duck is an aquatic bird and forms 60% of our country’s poultry population.
- The native one includes Indian Runner Syhlet meta.
- The exotic breeds include Muscori Pekin Aylesbury and camp bell.
- Domesticated ducks have been derived from the wild duck named Mallard.
Peculiar features of Duck:
- The body is covered with oily feathers.
- They have a layer of fat under their skin which prevents it from getting wet.
- They lay eggs at night or in the morning.
- The ducks feed on rice bran kitchen waste fish and snails.
Types of the breed:
- They are meat-productive ducks.
- Egg productive duck breeds.
- Breeds for both meat and egg production
Question 84.
Write on the nutritive value of meat?
Answer:
Meat:
Meat is rich in protein and also contains many minerals like iron, zinc, vitamins and selenium. It also contains vitamins needed for human diet.
Question 85.
What is Poultry Farming?
Answer:
Poultry Farming refers to the rearing and propagation of avian species such as chicken, ducks, turkeys, geese, quail and guinea fowls.
Question 86.
Write on the chicken breeds of egg layers?
Answer:
Egg layers:
These are farmed mainly for the production of egg.
Leghorn:
This is the most popular commercial breed in India and originated from Italy. They are small, compact with a single comb and wattles with white, brown or black colour. They mature early and begin to lay eggs at the age of 5 or 6 months. Hence these are preferred in commercial farms. They can also thrive well in dry areas.
Chittagong:
It is the breed chiefly found in West Bengal. They are golden or light yellow coloured. The beak is long and yellow in colour. Ear lobes and wattles are small and red in colour. They are good egg layers and are delicious.
Question 87.
Write on the Broiler breed?
Answer:
Bioiler type:
These are well known for fast growth and soft quality meat.
White Plymouth rock:
They have white plumage throughout the body. It is commonly used in troiler production. This is an American breed. It is a fast-growing breed and well suitable for growing intensively in confined farms.
Question 88.
What are Dual purpose chicken breeds?
Answer:
Dual-purpose breeds:
These are for both meat and egg production purposes.
Brahma:
It is a breed popularly known for its massive body having heavy bones, well feathered and proportionate body. Pea comb is one of the important breed characters. It has two common varieties namely, Light Brahma and Dark Brahma.
Question 89.
Write a short note on Game breeds?
Answer:
(I) Game breeds:
Since ancient times, a special breed of roosters has been used for the sport of cockfighting.
(II) Aseel:
This breed is white or black in colour. The hens are not good egg layers but are good in the incubation of eggs. It is found in all states of India. Aseel is noted for its pugnacity, high stamina, and majestic gait, and dogged fighting qualities. Although poor in productivity, this breed is well-known for its meat qualities.
Question 90.
Write a short note on Ornamental chicken breeds?
Answer:
Ornamental breeds:
Ornamental chicken are reared as pets in addition to their use for egg production and meat.
Silkie:
It is a breed of chicken having a typical fluffy plumage, which is said to feel like silk and satin. The breed has numerous additional special characters, such as black skin and bones, blue earlobes, and five toes on each foot, while the majority of chickens only have four. They are exhibited in poultry shows and come out in various colours. Silkies are well recognized for their calm, friendly temperament. Silkie chicken is especially simple to maintain as pets.
Question 91.
What are the types of Poultry farming?
Answer:
Types of Poultry farming:
There are different methods used to rear both broiler and layer chicken. The types of poultry farming are Free range farming, Organic method, Yarding method, Battery cage method, and Furnished cage method. Among these, the Battery cage method is widely used in large-scale poultry farms. The Free-range, Organic and Yarding methods are eco-friendly and the eggs produced by such farming practices are preferred in the market.
Question 92.
What are the stages involved in the rearing of chicken?
Answer:
Stages involved in rearing:
There are some steps involved in rearing of chicken:-
1. Selection of the best layer:
An active intelligent-looking bird, with a bright comb, not obese should be selected.
2. Selection of eggs for hatching: Eggs should be selected very carefully. Eggs should be fertile, medium sized, dark brown shelled and freshly laid eggs are preferred for rearing. Eggs should be washed, cleaned and dried.
3. Incubation and hatching:
The maintenance of newly laid eggs in optimum condition till hatching is called incubation. The fully developed chick emerges out of egg after an incubation period of 21 – 22 days.
There are two types of incubation namely natural incubation and artificial incubation. In the natural incubation method, only a limited number of eggs can be incubated by a mother hen. In artificial incubation, more number of eggs can be incubated in a chamber (Incubator).
3. Brooding:
Caring and management of young chicks for 4 – 6 weeks immediately after hatching is called brooding. It can also be categorized into two types namely natural and artificial brooding.
4. Housing of Poultry:
To protect the poultry from sun, rain and predators, it is necessary to provide housing to poultry. Poultry house should be moisture-proof, rat proof and it should be easily cleanable and durable.
5. Poultry feeding:
The diet of chicks should contain adequate amount of water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
Question 93.
What are poultry products?
Answer:
Eggs and meat.
Question 94.
What are poultry byproducts?
Answer:
A number of poultry byproducts like blood-meal, feather meal, poultry byproduct meal and hatchery by-product meal are used as good sources of nutrients for meat producing animals and poultry. These byproducts supply proteins, fats, vitamins and good amount of minerals.
Question 95.
Name Poultry diseases?
Answer:
Poultry diseases:
Ranikhet, Coccidiosis, and Fowlpox are some common poultry diseases.
Question 96.
What are the benefits of Poultry farming?
Answer:
The benefits of Poultry farming are:
- It does not require high capital for the construction and maintenance of poultry farming.
- It does not require a big space.
- It ensures high return of investment within a very short period of time.
- It provides fresh and nutritious food and has a huge global demand.
- It provides employment opportunities for the people.
Question 97.
What are the native and exotic duck breeds?
Answer:
- Native Breeds – Indian Runner, Syhlet meta.
- Exotic Breeds – Muscori, Pekin, Aylesbury, Campbell.
Question 98.
What are the types of duck breeds?
Answer:
There are three types of ducks depending on the purpose for which it is formed. They are meat productive duck breeds, egg productive duck breeds, and breeds for both meat and egg production.
Question 99.
What are the advantages of duck farming?
Answer:
Advantages of duck farming:
They can be reared in small backyards where water is available and needs less care and management as they are very hardy. They can adapt themselves to all types of environmental conditions and are bred for feed efficiency, growth rate, and resistance to diseases.