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Students can Download Economics Chapter 3 Theories of Employment and Income Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Solutions Chapter 3 Theories of Employment and Income

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Theories of Employment and Income Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – A
Multiple Choice Questions.

Question 1.
Every able bodied person who is willing to work at the prevailing wage rate is employed called as –
(a) Full employment
(b) Under employment
(c) Unemployment
(d) Employment opportunity
Answer:
(a) Full employment

Question 2.
Structural unemployment is a feature in a –
(a) Static society
(b) Socialist society
(c) Dynamic society
(d) Mixed economy
Answer:
(c) Dynamic society

Question 3.
In disguised unemployment, the marginal productivity of labour is –
(a) Zero
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) Positive
Answer:
(a) Zero

Question 4.
The main concention of the Classical Economic Theory is –
(a) Under employment
(b) Economy is always in the state of equilibrium
(c) Demand creates its supply
(d) Imperfect competition
Answer:
(b) Economy is always in the state of equilibrium

Question 5.
J.B. Say is a –
(a) Neo Classical Economist
(b) Classical Economist
(c) Modem Economist
(d) New Economist
Answer:
(b) Classical Economist

Question 6.
According to Keynes, which type of unemployment prevails in capitalist economy?
(a) Full employment
(b) Voluntary unemployment
(c) Involuntary unemployment
(d) Under employment
Answer:
(d) Under employment

Question 7.
The core of the classical theory of employment is –
(a) Law of Diminishing Return
(b) Law of Demand
(c) Law of Markets
(d) Law of Consumption
Answer:
(c) Law of Markets

Question 8.
Keynes attributes unemployment to –
(a) A lack of effective supply
(b) A lock of effective demand
(c) Alack of both
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) A lock of effective demand

Question 9.
…………………… Flexibility brings equality between saving and investment.
(a) Demand
(b) Supply
(c) Capital
(d) Interest
Answer:
(d) Interest

Question 10.
……………………. theory is a turning point in the development of modem economic theory.
(a) Keynes’
(b) Say’s
(c) Classical
(d) Employment.
Answer:
(a) Keynes’

Question 11.
The basic concept used in Keynes Theory of Employment and Income is –
(a) Aggregate demand
(b) Aggregate supply
(c) Effective demand
(d) Marginal Propensity Consume
Answer:
(c) Effective demand

Question 12.
The component of aggregate demand is –
(a) Personal demand
(b) Government expenditure
(c) Only export
(d) Omli import
Answer:
(b) Government expenditure

Question 13.
Aggregate supply is equal to –
(a) C +1 + G
(b) C + S + G + (x – m)
(c) C + S + T + (x-m)
(d) C + S + T + Rf
Answer:
(d) C + S + T + Rf

Question 14.
Keynes theory pursues to replace laissez faire by –
(a) No government intervention
(b) Maximum intervention
(c) State intervention in certain situation
(d) Private sector intervention
Answer:
(c) State intervention in certain situation

Question 15.
In Keynes theory of employment and income, ……………………… is the basic cause of economic depression.
(a) Less production
(b) More demand
(c) Inelastic supply
(d) Less aggregate demand in relation to productive capacity.
Answer:
(d) Less aggregate demand in relation to productive capacity.

Question 16.
Classical theory advocates –
(a) Balanced budget
(b) Unbalanced budget
(c) Surplus budget
(d) Deficit budget
Answer:
(a) Balanced budget

Question 17.
Keynes theory emphasized on ……………………….. equilibrium.
(a) Very short run
(b) Short run
(c) Very long run
(d) Long run
Answer:
(b) Short run

Question 18.
According to classical theory, rate of interest is a reward for –
(a) Investment
(b) Demand
(c) Capital
(d) Saving
Answer:
(d) Saving

Question 19.
In Keynes theory, the demand for and supply of money are determined by –
(a) Rate of interest
(b) Effective demand
(c) Aggregate demand
(d) Aggregate supply
Answer:
(a) Rate of interest

Question 20.
Say’s law stressed the operation of ……………………… in the economy.
(a) Induced price mechanism
(b) Automatic price mechanism
(c) Induced demand
(d) Induced investment
Answer:
(b) Automatic price mechanism

Part – B
Answer The Following Questions In One or Two Sentences.

Question 21.
Define full employment?
Answer:
Full employment refers to a situation in which every able bodied person who is willing to work at the prevailing wage rate, is employed. In other words full employment means that persons who are willing to work and able to work must have employment or a job.

Question 22.
What is the main feature of rural unemployment?
Answer:

1. India’s rural economy has both unemployment and underemployment.
2. The major feature of rural unemployment is the existence of unemployment in the form of disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment.
3. In agriculture and agro based industries like sugar, production activities are carried out only in some seasons.

Question 23.
Give short note on frictional unemployment?
Answer:
Frictional Unemployment (Temporary Unemployment):

1. Frictional unemployment arises due to imbalance between supply of labour and demand for labour.
2. This is because of immobility of labour, lack of necessary skills, break down of machinery, shortage of raw materials etc.
3. The persons who lose jobs and in search of jobs are also included under frictional unemployment.

Question 24.
Give reasons for labour retrenchment at present situation?
Answer:

1. Modem technology being capital intensive requires less labourers and contributes to ’ technological unemployment.
2. Now a days, invention and innovations lead to the adoption of new techniques there by the existing workers are retrenched.
3. Labour saving devices are responsible for technological unemployment.

Question 25.
List out the assumptions of Say’s law?
Answer:
The Say’s Law of market is based on the following assumptions:

1. No single buyer or seller of commodity or an input can affect price.
2. Full employment.
3. People are motivated by self interest and self – interest determines economic decisions.
4. The laissez faire policy is essential for an automatic and self adjusting process of full employment equilibrium. Market forces determine everything right.
5. There will be a perfect competition in labour and product market.
6. There is wage-price flexibility.
7. Money acts only as a medium of exchange.
8. Long – run analysis.
9. There is no possibility for over production or unemployment.

Question 26.
What is effective demand?
Answer:

1. The starting point of Keynes theory of employment and income is the principle of effective demand.
2. Effective demand denotes money actually spent by the people on products of industry.
3. The money which entrepreneurs receive is paid in the form of rent, wages, interest and profit.
4. Therefore effective demand equals national income.

Question 27.
What are the components of aggregate supply?
Answer:
Aggregate demand has the following four components:

1. Consumption demand
2. Investment demand
3. Government expenditure and
4. Net Export (export – import)

Part – C
Answer The Following Questions In A Paragraph.

Question 28.
Explain the following in short:

1. Seasonal unemployment
2. Frictional unemployment
3. Educated unemployment

Answer:
Seasonal Unemployment:

1. This type of unemployment occurs during certain seasons of the year.
2. In agriculture and agro based industries like sugar,production activities are carried out only in some seasons.
3. These industries offer employment only during that season in a year. Therefore people may remain unemployed during the off season.
4. Seasonal unemployment happens from demand side also; for example ice cream industry, holiday resorts etc.

Frictional Unemployment (Temporary Unemployment):

1. Frictional unemployment arises due to imbalance between supply of labour and demand for labour.
2. This is because of immobility of labour, lack of necessary skills, break down of machinery, shortage of raw materials etc.
3. The persons who lose jobs and in search of jobs are also included under frictional unemployment.

Educated Unemployment:

1. Sometimes educated people are underemployed or unemployed when qualification does not match the job.
2. Faulty education system, lack of employable skills, mass student turnout and preference for white collar jobs are highly responsible for educated unemployment in India.

Question 29.
According to classical theory of employment, how wage reduction solves the problem of unemployment? Diagrammatically explain?
Answer:
The classical theory of employment assumes that the economy operates at the level of full employment without inflation in the long period. It also assumes that wages and prices of goods are flexible and the competitive market exists in the economy (laissez – faire economy). According to the classical theory of employment, full employment condition can be achieved by cutting down the wage rate. Unemployment would be eliminated when wages are determined by the mechanism of economy itself. The following figure shows the relationship between wage rate and employment:

In the figure, when the wage rate is OW, then the employment is ON. As the wage rate is reduced to OW¹, then the employment has increased to ON¹. Prof. Pigou has taken this theory as base for developing the solution of unemployment problem.

Question 30.
Write short note on the implications of Say’s law?
Answer:
Implications of Say’s Law:

1. There is no possibility for over production or unemployment.
2. If there exist unutilized resources in the economy, it is profitable to employ them up to the point of full employment. This is true under the condition that factors are willing to accept rewards on a par with their productivity.
3. As automatic price mechanism operates in the economy, there is no need for government intervention. (However, J.M. Keynes emphasized the role of the State)
4. Interest flexibility brings about equality between saving and investment.
5. Money performs only the medium of exchange function in the economy, as people will not hold idle money.

Question 31.
Explain Keynes’ theory in the form of flow chart?
Answer:

Question 32.
What do you mean by aggregate demand? Mention its components?
Answer:

1. The aggregate demand is the amount of money which entrepreneurs expect to get by selling the output produced by the number of labourers employed.
2. Therefore, it is the expected income or revenue from the sale of output at different levels of employment.
3. Aggregate demand has the following four components:
   1. Consumption demand
   2. InvestmenTdemand
   3. Government expenditure and
   4. Net Export (export – import)

Question 33.
Explain about aggregate supply with the help of diagram?
Answer:

1. Aggregate supply function is an increasing function of the level of employment.
2. Aggregate supply refers to the value of total output of goods and services produced in an economy in a year.
3. In other words, aggregate supply is equal to the value of national product, i.e., national income.
4. Aggregate Supply = C + S + T + Rf = Aggregate income generated in the economy.
5. The following figure shows the shape of the two aggregate supply curves drawn for the assumption of fixed money wages and variable wages.

Aggregate Supply Curve

1. Z curve is linear where money wages remains fixed; Z₁ curve is non – linear since wage rate increases with employment.
2. When full employment level of Nf is reached it is impossible to increase output by employing more men.
3. So aggregate supply curve becomes inelastic (Vertical straight line).
4. The slope of the aggregate supply curve depends on the relation between the employment and productivity.
5. Based upon this relation, the aggregate supply curve can be expected to slope upwards.
6. In reality the aggregate supply curve will be like Z₁
7. Therefore, the aggregate supply depends on the relationship between price and wages.

Question 34.
Write any five differences between classism and Keynesianism?
Answer:
Comparison of Classicism and Keynesianism
Keynesianism:

1. Short – run equilibrium Saving is a vice
2. The function of money is a medium of exchange on the one side and a store of value on the other side.
3. Macro approach to national problems
4. State intervention is advocated

Classicism:

1. Long – run equilibrium
2. Saving is a social virtue
3. The function of money is to act as a medium of exchange.
4. Micro foundation to macro problems
5. Champions of Laissez – fair policy

Part – D
Answer The Following Questions In One Page.

Question 35.
Describe the types of unemployment?
Answer:
The following are the types of unemployment.
Types of unemployment:

1. Cyclical Unemployment
2. Frictional Unemployment
3. Technical Unemployment
4. Disguised Unemployment
5. Seasonal Unemployment
6. Educated Unemployment
7. Structural Unemployment

1. Cyclical Unemployment:

1. This unemployment exists during the downturn phase of trade cycle in the economy.
2. In a business cycle during the period of recession and depression, income and output fall leading to widespread unemployment.
3. It is caused by deficiency of effective demand.
4. Cyclical unemployment can be cured by public investment or expansionary monetary policy.

2. Seasonal Unemployment:

1. This type of unemployment occurs during certain seasons of the year.
2. In agriculture and agro based industries like sugar, production activities are carried out only in some seasons.
3. These industries offer employment only during that season in a year. Therefore people may remain unemployed during the off season.
4. Seasonal unemployment happens from demand side also; for example ice cream industry, holiday resorts etc.

3. Frictional Unemployment (Temporary Unemployment):

1. Frictional unemployment arises due to imbalance between supply of labour and demand for labour.
2. This is because of immobility of labour, lack of necessary skills, break down of machinery, shortage of raw materials etc.
3. The persons who lose jobs and in search of jobs are also included under frictional unemployment.

4. Educated Unemployment:

1. Sometimes educated people are underemployed or unemployed when qualification does not match the job.
2. Faulty education system, lack of employable skills, mass student turnout and preference for white collar jobs are highly responsible for educated unemployment in India.

5. Technical Unemployment:

1. Modem technology being capital intensive requires less labourers and contributes to technological unemployment.
2. Now a days, invention and innovations lead to the adoption of new techniques there by the existing workers are retrenched.
3. Labour saving devices are responsible for technological unemployment.

6. Structural Unemployment:

1. Structural unemployment is due to drastic change in the structure of the society.
2. Lack of demand for the product or shift in demand to other products cause this type of unemployment.
3. For example rise in demand for mobile phones has adversely affected the demand for cameras, tape recorders etc.
4. So this kind of unemployment results from massive and deep rooted changes in economic structure.

7. Disguised Unemployment:

1. Disguised unemployment occurs when more people are than what is actually required.
2. Even if some workers are withdrawn, production does not suffer.
3. This type of unemployment is found in agriculture.
4. A person is said to be disguisedly by unemployed if his contribution to output is less than what he can produce by working for normal hours per day.
5. In this situation, marginal productivity of labour is zero or less or negative.

Question 36.
Critically explain Say’s law of market?
Answer:
Criticisms of Say’s Law:
The following are the criticisms against Say’s law:

1. According to Keynes, supply does not create its demand. It is not applicable where demand does not increase as much as production increases.
2. Automatic adjustment process will not remove unemployment. Unemployment can be removed by increase in the rate of investment.
3. Money is not neutral. Individuals hold money for unforeseen contingencies while businessmen keep cash reserve for future activities.
4. Say’s law is based on the proposition that supply creates its own demand and there is no over production. Keynes said that over production is possible.
5. Keynes regards full employment as a special case because there is under – employment in capitalist economies.
6. The need for state intervention arises in the case of general over production and mass unemployment.

Question 37.
Narrate the equilibrium between ADF and ASF with diagram? Equilibrium between ADF and ASF?
Answer:

• Under the Keynes theory of employment, a simple two sector economy consisting of the household sector and the business sector is taken to understand the equilibrium between ADF and ASF.
• All the decisions concerning consumption expenditure are taken by the individual households, while the business firms take decisions concerning investment.
• It is also assumed that consumption function is linear and planned investment is autonomous.
• There are two approaches to determination of the equilibrium level of income in Keynesian theory. These are:
  1. Aggregate demand – Aggregate supply approach
  2. Saving – Investment approach –
• In this chapter, out of these two, aggregate demand and aggregate supply approach is alone explained to understand the determination of equilibrium level of income and employment.
• The concept of effective demand is more clearly shown in the figure.
• In the figure, the aggregate demand and aggregate supply reach equilibrium at point E. The employment level is N0 at that point.
• At ON₁ employment, the aggregate supply is N, Rr But they are able to produce M₁ N₁ The expected level of profit is M₁, R₁
• To attain this level of profit, entrepreneurs will employ more labourers.
• The tendency to employ more labour will stop once they reach point E.
• At all levels of employment beyond, ON₀, the aggregate demand curve is below the aggregate supply curve indicating loss to the producers.
• Hence they will never employ more than ON₀ labour.
• Thus effective demand concept becomes a crucial point in determining the equilibrium level of output in the capitalist economy or a free market economy in the Keynesian system.
• It is important to note that the equilibrium level of employment need not be the full employment level (N₁) from the Figure, it is understood that the difference between N₀ – N₀ is the level of unemployment.
• Thus the concept of effective demand becomes significant in explaining the under employment equilibrium.

Question 38.
Explain the differences between classical theory and Keynes theory?
Answer:
Keynesianism:

1. Short – run equilibrium
2. Saving is a vice
3. The function of money is a medium of exchange on the one side and a store of value on the other side.
4. Macro approach to national problems
5. State intervention is advocated.
6. Applicable to all situations – full employment and less than full employment.
7. Capitalism has inherent contradictions
8. Budgeting should be adjusted to the requirements of economy.
9. The equality between saving and investment is advanced through changes in income.
10. Rate of interest is determined by the demand for and supply of money.
11. Rate of interest is a flow.
12. Demand creates its own supply.
13. Rate of interest is a reward for parting with liquidity.

Classicism:

1. Long – run equilibrium
2. Saving is a social virtue.
3. The function of money is to act as a medium of exchange
4. Micro foundation to macro problems
5. Champions of Laissez – fair policy
6. Applicable only to the full employment situation.
7. Capitalism is well and good.
8. Balanced budget
9. The equality between saving and investment is achieved through changes of rate of interest.
10. Rate of interest is determined by saving and investment.
11. Rate of interest is a stock.
12. Supply creates its own demand.
13. Rate of interest is a reward for saving.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Theories of Employment and Income Addtional Questions and Answers

Part – A
I. Multiple Choice Questions.

Question 1.
Who is one of the greatest and most influential economist?
(a) J.M. Keynes
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Marshall
(d) Simon Kuznets
Answer:
(a) J.M. Keynes

Question 2.
Keynes book “The General theory of Employment, Interest and Money” published in –
(a) 1926
(b) 1936
(c) 1946
(d) 1956
Answer:
(b) 1936

Question 3.
The total stock of money circulating in an Economy is called –
(a) Money
(b) Capital
(c) Money Supply
(d) Finance
Answer:
(c) Money Supply

Question 4.
The …………………… function depends upon Income of the people and marginal propensity to consume?
(a) demand
(b) consumption
(c) supply
(d) marginal
Answer:
(b) consumption

Question 5.
Every economy in the world aims at attaining the level of –
(a) full employment
(b) under employment
(c) un employment
(d) employment opportunity
Answer:
(a) full employment

Question 6.
…………………… is an increasing function of the level of employment –
(a) Aggregate supply function
(b) Aggregate demand function
(c) Aggregate consumption function
(d) Aggregate consumption expenditure
Answer:
(a) Aggregate supply function

Question 7.
Effective demand signifies the money spent on consumption of goods and services and on –
(a) capital
(b) investment
(c) profit
(d) finance
Answer:
(b) investment

Question 8.
Who has given importance to the concept of liquidity preference?
(a) Kuznet
(b) Marshall
(c) Keynes
(d) Adam Smith
Answer:
(c) Keynes

Question 9.
…………………….. was a French Economist and an Industrialist?
(a) J.B. Say
(b) Keynes
(c) Adam Smith
(d) David Ricardo
Answer:
(a) J.B. Say

Question 10.
Frictional unemployment another name is called –
(a) Educated unemployment
(b) Seasonal unemployment
(c) Temporary unemployment
(d) Technical unemployment
Answer:
(c) Temporary unemployment

Question 11.
Discussed unemployment is mostly found in –
(a) agriculture
(b) sericulture
(c) industry
(d) architecture
Answer:
(a) agriculture

Question 12.
The main reason for massive unemployment is poor –
(a) economic planning
(b) educational planning
(c) military planning
(d) man power planning
Answer:
(d) man power planning

Question 13.
The Employment Assurance Scheme was launched in the year –
(a) 1983
(b) 1993
(c) 2003
(d) 2013
Answer:
(b) 1993

Question 14.
Cyclical unemployment is caused by …………………………. cycles.
(a) business
(b) money
(c) trade
(d) finance
Answer:
(c) trade

Question 15.
The problem of rural unemployment can be solved only by ………………………….. agriculture.
(a) modernising
(b) agro based
(c) innovative
(d) new method followed
Answer:
(a) modernising

Question 16.
Unemployment is classified as voluntary unemployment and –
(a) involuntary unemployment
(b) cyclical unemployment
(c) rural unemployment
(d) seasonal unemployment
Answer:
(b) cyclical unemployment

Question 17.
Existence of Joint Family System in India promotes –
(a) educational unemployment
(b) disguised unemployment
(c) seasonal unemployment
(d) voluntary unemployment
Answer:
(b) disguised unemployment

Question 18.
Educated and skilled persons who may not accept casual work. This is called ………………………. unemployment.
(a) closed
(b) open
(c) seasonal
(d) disguised unemployment
Answer:
(b) open

Question 19.
………………………. law of market was the basis for assuming the situation of full employment.
(a) J.B. Say
(b) Keynes
(c) Marshall
(d) Lemer
Answer:
(a) J.B. Say

Question 20.
The aggregate effective demand would increase the level of –
(a) unemployment
(b) employment
(c) cyclical unemployment
(d) open unemployment
Answer:
(b) employment

Question 21.
…………………. refers to the labour force of a country.
(a) Employment
(b) Unemployment
(c) Full employment
(d) Open employment
Answer:
(c) Full employment

Question 22.
…………………. means that persons who are willing to work and able to work must have employment or a job?
(a) Full employment
(b) Unemployment
(c) Educational unemployment
(d) Seasonal unemployment
Answer:
(a) Full employment

Question 23.
………………….. is the principle of effective demand?
(a) Profit
(b) Income
(c) Money
(d) Interest
Answer:
(a) Profit

Question 24.
When goods are produced by firms in the economy, they pay reward to the factors of the production is called –
(a) J.M. Keynes
(b) Adam Smith
(c) J.B. Say
(d) Ricardo
Answer:
(c) J.B. Say

Question 25.
…………………….. defines “Full employment as that level of employment at which any further increase in spending would resort in an inflationary spiral of wages and prices”
(a) Lemer
(b) J.M. Keynes
(c) J.B. Say
(d) Adam Smith
Answer:
(a) Lemer

II. Match the following and choose the correct answer by using codes given below

Question 1.
A. Full employment – (i) Qualified job
B. Educated unemployment – (ii) Deficiency of effective demand
C. Cyclical unemployment – (iii) During season of the year
D. Seasonal unemployment – (iv) Learner
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (ii) B (iv) C (i) D (iii)
(c) A (iv) B (i) C (ii) D (iii)
(d) A (iii) B (iv) C (i) D (ii)
Answer:
(c) A (iv) B (i) C (ii) D (iii)

Question 2.
A. Public Investment – (i) Temporary unemployment
B. Production activities only in Some seasons – (ii) Deficiency of effective demand
C. Frictional unemployment – (iii) During season of the year
D. Educated unemployment – (iv) Learner
Codes:
(a) A (ii) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (iii) B (ii) C (iv) D (i)
(c) A (i) B (iii) C (ii) D (iv)
(d) A (iv) B (i) C (iii) D (ii)
Answer:
(a) A (ii) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)

Question 3.
A. ED – (i) Income of the people
B. ADF – (ii) Y = C + I = Output = Employment
C. ASF – (iii) C + I + G + (X – M)
D. CF – (iv) C + S + T + Rf = Aggregate Income generated in the economy
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (iii) B (i) C (iv) D (i)
(c) A (iv) B (ii) C (i) D (iii)
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C (iv) D (i)
Answer:
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C (iv) D (i)

Question 4.
A. Keynes concept – (i) Aggregate spending
B. Demand – (ii) Liquidity preference
C. Aggregate supply – (iii) To spend on domestic output
D. Aggregate demand – (iv) The value of national product
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)
(c) A (iii) B (iv) C (ii) D (i)
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C (i) D (ii)
Answer:
(b) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)

Question 5.
A. Keynesianism – (i) Long run – equilibrium
B. Classicism – (ii) Short run – equilibrium
C. Keynesianism – (iii) State intervention is advocated
D. Classicism – (iv) Saving is a vice
Codes:
(a) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)
(b) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(c) A (iii) B (iv) C (ii) D(i)
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C (i) D (ii)
Answer:
(a) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)

III. State whether the statements are true or false

Question 1.
(i) The function of money is a medium of exchange on the one side and a store of value on the other side is called Keynesianism.
(ii) Macro approach to national problems.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

Question 2.
(i) Aggregate demand has the four components are consumption demand, investment demand, Government expenditure and Net export.
(ii) Aggregate demand refers to the required amount of labourers and materials to produce the neccessary output.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false

Question 3.
(i) Keynesian theory is – Aggregate demand – Aggregate supply approach. Saving – Investment approach.
(ii) This approach explained the determination level of Income and employment.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

Question 4.
(i) Effective demand denotes money actually spent by the people on products of Industry and agriculture.
(ii) Effective demand equals to State Income.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false

Question 5.
(i) “Supply creates its own Demand”.
(ii) The aggregate demand and aggregate supply reach equilibrium at point ‘E’.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

IV. Which of the following is correctly matched

Question 1.
(a) Seasonal unemployment – Type of unemployment
(b) Technical unemployment – Some season only
(c) Cyclical unemployment – Public capital
(d) Full employment – Not willing to job
Answer:
(a) Seasonal unemployment – Type of unemployment

Question 2.
(a) Frictional unemployment – Permanant
(b) Educated unemployment – White collar jobs
(c) Structural unemployment – In search job
(d) Disguised unemployment – Found in industry
Answer:
(b) Educated unemployment – White collar jobs

Question 3.
(a) Keynes – A general theory
(b) Aggregate supply – A level of money
(c) Keynesianism – Champions of Laissez – Faire
(d) Effective demand – Classical Economy
Answer:
(a) Keynes – A general theory

Question 4.
(a) Effective demand – Income Effective
(b) Aggregate demand – Money demand
(c) Say’s law – Supply creates own demand
(d) Aggregate supply – Money supply
Answer:
(c) Say’s law – Supply creates own demand

Question 5.
(a) J.B. Say – Industrialist
(b) Adam Smith – Classical Economist
(c) David Ricardo – Capitalist Economist
(d) Lemer – Socialist
Answer:
(a) J.B. Say – Industrialist

V. Which of the following is not correctly matched

Question 1.
(a) Say’s law of Market – Classical theory of Employment
(b) Adam Smith – Wealth of nations
(c) Keynes – The General theory of Employment, Interest and Money
(d) A.C. Pigou – French Economist
Answer:
(d) A.C. Pigou – French Economist

Question 2.
(a) Full Employment – Willing to work and able to work
(b) Unemployment – Cannot find suitable job
(c) Underemployment – Not fully utilized
(d) Disguised unemployment – More people not working
Answer:
(d) Disguised unemployment – More people not working

Question 3.
(a) Keynes – Liquidity preference
(b) Aggregate demand – Consumption demand
(c) Consumption function – Money supply
(d) Marginal effeciency of capital – Investment level
Answer:
(c) Consumption function – Money supply

Question 4.
(a) Effective demand – Y = C + I = Output = Employment
(b) Aggregate supply – C + S + T + Rf = Aggregate Income
(c) Aggregate demand – C + I + G + (X – M)
(d) Aggregate private saving – C + S + T
Answer:
(d) Aggregate private saving – C + S + T

Question 5.
(a) Keynesianism – Capitalism has inherant contradictions
(b) Classism – Capitalism well and good
(c) Keynesian theory – Saving – Investment approach
(d) Frictional – Full employment
Answer:
(d) Frictional – Full employment

VI. Pick the odd one out

Question 1.
Types of unemployment
(a) Cyclical unemployment
(b) Seasonal unemployment
(c) Frictional unemployment
(d) nature unemployment
Answer:
(d) nature unemployment

Question 2.
Classical theory was developed by –
(a) David Ricardo
(b) Adam Smith
(c) J.S. Mill
(d) J.B. Say
Answer:
(b) Adam Smith

Question 3.
The Say’s law of Market Assumptions are –
(a) No single buyer
(b) Full employment
(c) Money is not neutral
(d) Wage flexibility
Answer:
(c) Money is not neutral

Question 4.
Keynesianism is called –
(a) Short run equilibrium
(b) saving is social virtue
(c) Macro approach to national problems
(d) State intervention is advocated
Answer:
(b) Saving is social virtue

Question 5.
Classicism is called –
(a) Capatalism is well and good
(b) Balanced Budget
(c) savinf is vice
(d) Micro foundation to Macro problems
Answer:
(c) Saving is vice

VII. Assertion and Reason

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Modem technology being capital intensive requires less labourers, and contributes to technological unemployment.
Reason (R): Now – a – days invention and innovations lead to the adoption of new techniques there by the existing workers are retrenched.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are tme and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are tme but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is tme but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is tme .
Answer:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are tme and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’

Question 2.
Assertion (A): According to say, “when goods are produced by firms in the Economy”.
Reason (R): There was no single theory which could be labeled as classical theory of employment.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are tme and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Keynes book “The General theory of Employment, Interest and Money” published in 1916.
Reason (R): A turning point in the development of modem economic theory – Keynes.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Aggregate supply function is increasing function of the level of employment.
Reason (R): Aggregate supply is only state product.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false

Question 5.
Assertion (A): Keynesianism is Macro approach to national problems.
Reason (R): Keynesianism is state intervention is advocated.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are tme and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(.b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are tme but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is tme but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is tme
Answer:
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is tme

Part – B
Answer The Following Questions In One or Two Sentences

Question 1.
Write two approaches of the equilibrium level of Income in Keynesian theory?
Answer:
There are two approaches te determination of the equilibrium level of income in Keynesian theory. These are:

1. Aggregate demand – Aggregate supply approach
2. Saving – Investment approach

Question 2.
Define “Unemployment”?
Answer:
Unemployment:
When there are people, who are willing to work and able to work but cannot find suitable jobs.

Question 3.
Define “Marginal propensity to consume”?
Answer:
Marginal Propensity to Consume is the additional consumption due to an additional unit of income.

Question 4.
Write the types of unemployment?
Answer:
Types of unemployment:

1. Cyclical Unemployment
2. Frictional Unemployment
3. Technical Unemployment
4. Disguised Unemployment
5. Seasonal Unemployment
6. Educated Unemployment
7. Structural Unemployment

Part – C
Answer The Following Questions In One Paragraph.

Question 1.
Explain the Aggregate Demand Function with Diagram?
Answer:

1. In the Keynesian model, output is determined mainly by aggregate demand.
2. The aggregate demand is the amount of money which entrepreneurs expect to get by selling the output produced by the number of labourers employed.
3. Therefore, it is the expected income or revenue from the sale of output at different levels of employment.
   • Aggregate demand has the following four components:
     • Consumption demand
     • Investment demand
     • Government expenditure and
     • Net Export (export – import)
4. The desired or planned demand (spending) is the amount that households, firms, the governments and the foreign purchasers would like to spend on domestic output.
5. In other words, desired demand in the economy is the sum total of desired private consumption expenditure, desired investment expenditure, desired government spending and desired net exports (difference between exports and imports).
6. Thus, the desired spending is called aggregate spending (demand), and can be expressed as:
   AD = C + I + G + (X – M)
7. The diagram explains that aggregate demand price increases or decreases with an increase or decrease in the volume of employment.
8. Aggregate demand curve increases at an increasing rate in the beginning and then increases at a decreasing rate.
9. This shows that as income increases owing to increase in employment, expenditure of the economy increases at a decreasing rate.

Question 2.
Aggregate Supply Function meaning and components?
Answer:

1. Aggregate supply function is an increasing function of the level of employment.
2. Aggregate supply refers to the value of total output of goods and services produced in an economy in a year.
3. In other words, aggregate supply is equal to the value of national product, i.e., national income.

The components of aggregate supply are:

1. Aggregate (desired) consumption expenditure (C)
2. Aggregate (desired) private savings (S)
3. Net tax payments (T) (Total tax payment to be received by the government minus transfer payments, subsidy and interest payments to be incurred by the government) and (iv) Personal (desired) transfer payments to the foreigners (Rf) (e.g. Donations to international relief efforts)

Question 3.
Describe the features of classicism?
Answer:

1. Long – run equilibrium
2. Saving is a social virtue.
3. The function of money is to act as a medium of exchange
4. Micro foundation to macro problems
5. Champions of Laissez-fair policy
6. Applicable only to the full employment situation.
7. Capitalism is well and good.
8. Balanced budget
9. The equality between saving and investment is achieved through changes of rate of interest.
10. Rate of interest is determined by saving and investment.
11. Rate of interest is a stock.
12. Supply creates its own demand.
13. Rate of interest is a reward for saving.

Part – D
Answer The Following Questions In One Page.

Question 1.
Describe the Say’s Law of Market?
Answer:

1. Say’s law of markets is the core of the classical theory of employment.
2. J.B.Say (1776 – 1832) was a French Economist and an industrialist.
3. He was influenced by the writings of Adam Smith and David Ricardo.
4. J.B. Say enunciated the proposition that “Supply creates its own demand”.
5. Hence there cannot be general over production or the problem of unemployment in the economy.
6. According to Say, “When goods are produced by firms in the economy, they pay reward to the factors of production.
7. The households after receiving rewards of the factors of production spend the amount on the purchase of goods and services produced by them.
8. Therefore, each product produced in the economy creates demand equal to its value in the market.
9. In short, this classical theory explains that “A person receives his income from production which is spent on the purchase of goods and services produced by others.
10. For the economy as a whole, therefore, total production equals total income.

Question 2.
Explain the features of Keynesianism?
Answer:

1. Short – run equilibrium
2. Saving is a vice
3. The function of money is a medium of exchange on the one side and a store of value on the other side.
4. Macro approach to national problems
5. State intervention is advocated.
6. Applicable to all situations – full employment and less than full employment.
7. Capitalism has inherent contradictions.
8. Budgeting should be adjusted to the requirements of economy.
9. The equality between saving and investment is advanced through changes in income.
10. Rate of interest is determined by the demand for and supply of money.
11. Rate of interest is a flow.
12. Demand creates its own supply.
13. Rate of interest is a reward for parting with liquidity.

Question 3.
Describe the Effective demand?
Answer:

1. The starting point of Keynes theory of employment and income is the principle of effective demand.
2. Effective demand denotes money actually spent by the people on products of industry.
3. The money which entrepreneurs receive is paid in the form of rent, wages, interest and profit.
4. Therefore effective demand equals national income.
5. An increase in the aggregate effective demand would increase the level of employment.
6. A decline in total effective demand would lead to unemployment.
7. Therefore, total employment of a country can be determined with the help of total demand ‘ of a country.
8. According to the Keynes theory of employment, “Effective demand signifies the money spent on consumption of goods and services and on investment.
9. The total expenditure is equal to the national income, which is equivalent to the national output”.
10. The relationship between employment and output of an economy depends upon the level of effective demand which is determined by the forces of aggregate supply and aggregate demand.
    ED = Y = C + I = Output = Employment
11. Effective demand determines the level of employment in the economy.
12. When effective demand increases, employment will increase.
13. When effective demand decreases, the level employment will decline.
14. The effective demand will be determined by two determinants namely consumption and investment expenditures.
15. The consumption function depends upon income of the people and marginal propensity to consume.
16. According to Keynes, if income increases, consumption will also increase but by less than the increase in income.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Prefix/Suffix

Question 1.
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the root word “important”.
(a) in________ (b) un________ (c) dis________ (d) mis________
Answer:
(b) unimportant

Question 2.
Form a new word by adding a prefix to the root word “difference”.
(a) un________ (b) in________ (c) im________ (d) dis________
Answer:
(b) indifference

Question 3.
Form a new word by adding a suitable prefix to the root word “fortune”.
(a) in________ (b) un________ (c) dis________ (d) mis________
Answer:
(d) misfortune

Question 4.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “poet”.
(a) ________al (b) ________ic (c) ________ile (d) ________ion
Answer:
(b) poetic

Question 5.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “kind”.
(a) ________ment (b) ________able (c) ________ity (d) ________ness
Answer:
(d) kindness

Question 6.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “dismiss”.
(a) ________ment (b) ________ate (c) ________al (d) ________ular
Answer:
(c) dismissal

Question 7.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word ‘portray’.
(a) ________ment (b) ________able (c) ________al (d) ________ic
Answer:
(c) portrayal

Question 8.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “doubt”.
(a) ________hood (b) ________ism (c) ________ly (d) ________fill
Answer:
(d) doubtful

Question 9.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “need”.
(a) ________ness (b) ________ted. (c) ________y (d) ________ment
Answer:
(c) needy

Question 10.
Form a new word by adding a suitable suffix to the root word “eat”.
(a) ________able (b) ________ment (c) ________ly (d) ________ity
Answer:
(a) eatable

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar Framing Sentences

Question 1.
Use the word “equal” as a noun, adjective, verb and adverb in your own sentences.
Answer:

• Sangeetha treated Tarun and Kavin as equals, (noun)
• Father gave equal share of his property to his sons and daughters, (adj)
• One plus one equals two. (verb)
• We decided to divide the amount equally, (adverb)

Question 2.
Use the word ‘tear’ as a noun, verb, adjective and adverb in your own sentences.
Answer:

• Don’t shed tears over loss of money, (noun)
• Don’t tear the book, (verb)
• She was given a tearful farewell, (adj)
• Sheela tearfully left the hall, (adverb)

Question 3.
Use the word ‘like’ as a noun, verb, adjective and preposition in your own sentences.
Answer:

• Great gurus are above likes and dislikes, (noun)
• You need to carry out your duties whether you like it or not. (verb)
• You must befriend like-minded persons, (adj)
• Raj an looks like his father, (preposition)

Question 4.
Use the word ‘well’ as a noun, verb and an adjective in your own sentences.
Answer:

• There is an unused well behind my house, (noun)
• Tears welled up in her eyes on hearing her father’s death, (verb)
• Sangeetha is well qualified for the Professor post, (adj)

Question 5.
Use the word “fine” as an adjective, a noun and a verb.
Answer:

• She wore a fine jewel which caught everyone’s eyes, (adj)
• The driver was asked to pay fine for skipping the red signal, (noun)
• I was fined for over-speeding, (verb)

Question 6.
Use the word “after” as an adverb, a preposition and conjunction.
Answer:

• Jill came tumbling after, (adv)
• He returned after the accident, (prep)
• After Martin finished his studies, he returned to India, (conjunction)

Question 7.
Use the word “wrong” as an adjective, adverb and a noun.
Answer:

• You have taken the wrong road, (adj)
• Hari was wrongly arrested, (adv)
• We must differentiate the right and wrong, (noun)

Question 8.
Use the word “each” as an adjective and a pronoun.
Answer:

• Each day brings its opportunity, (adj)
• I received a rupee from each, (pronoun)

Question 9.
Use the word “as” as an adverb and a conjunction.
Answer:

• We walked as fast as we could, (adv)
• As he was late, we went without him. (conj)

Question 10.
Use the word “fast” as a noun, an adjective and adverb.
Answer:

• He didn’t take anything during the fast, (noun)
• I missed the fast train, (adj)
• She speaks fast, (adv)

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Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 11 Types of Banks

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Types of Banks Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which bank is not a Industrial Bank?
(a) ICICI
(b) HSBC
(c) SIDBI
(d) IDBI
Answer:
(b) HSBC

Question 2.
The Local Area Banks are promoting
(a) Rural savings
(b) Business savings
(c) Industrial development
(d) Agricultural development
Answer:
(a) Rural savings

Question 3.
Foreign banks are begun their operation since
(a) 1978
(b) 1979
(c) 1980
(d) 1981
Answer:
(c) 1980

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Give the meaning of Commercial Banks.
Answer:
Banks which accept deposits from the public and grant loans to traders, individuals, agriculturists, Industries, Transport, etc. in order to earn a profit. They also provide other banking services.
E.g: State Bank of India, Karur Vysa Bank.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Industrial Banks?
Answer:
Huge finance required for investment, expansion, and modernisation of big industries and others is granted by a separate type of banks called development Banks. They are also called industrial banks.

Question 3.
Briefly explain about Correspondent Banks?
Answer:
It is a kind of financial institution which provides services on behalf of other, equal or unequal financial institutions. It facilitates wire transfers, conduct business transactions, accept deposits and gather documents on behalf of another financial institution.

Question 4.
What are Foreign Banks?
Answer:
Banks which have registered office in a foreign country and branches in India are called foreign banks.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Write a short note on Local Area Banks. Give two examples.
Answer:
The local Area Bank (LAB) scheme was introduced in August 1996. It is a small private sector bank established in rural and semi-urban areas. Each bank serves two or three adjoining districts only. The main objective of these banks is to mobilise rural savings (accepts deposits) and invest them in the same area.

Among the 227 applications 10 banks were considered for approval and six were given license under section 22 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, only three Local Area Banks are functioning now.
E.g: Coastal Local Area Bank, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, Subhadra Local Area Bank Limited, Kolhapur, Maharashtra.

Question 2.
Answer:
What are the objectives involved in Regional Rural Banks?
Answer:
Their objective is to develop the rural economy and play a supplementary role in cooperative societies. They mobilise deposits from the rural public and provide finance to rural artisans, small entrepreneurs, and farmers and try to avoid their dependency on money lenders. As of 31.3.2016, there were 56 RRBs in India with 14,494 branches. They are regulated and supervised by NABARD.

Question 3.
Mention the purposes of Agricultural and Co-operative banks.
Answer:
All the agriculture and cooperative banks in India are owned by their customers and members who are farmers, small traders, and others. These banks are either urban-based or rural-based. Their main objective is to provide service to its members for rural and agricultural development and not profit earning.

Compared to the commercial banks they offer less variety of services as the bye-laws do not permit all commercial bank activities. National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) concentrates on providing loans and grants to State Governments for financing cooperative societies.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Explain the various types of banks based on the organization with examples.
Answer:
1. Commercial banks:
Banks which accept deposits from the public and grant loans to traders, individuals, agriculture, industries, transport, etc. in order to earn a profit. Their lending is in comparatively small amounts and mostly for the short and medium periods. e.g.. State Bank of India

2. Development Banks:
Huge finance required for investment, expansion, and modernisation of big industries and others is granted by a separate type of banks called development Banks. They are also called industrial banks, e.g., IFCI, SIDBl.

3. Cooperative Banks:
All cooperative banks in India are owned by their customers or members who are farmers, small traders, and others. Cooperative banks in India are either urban-based or rural-based. example NAFED, Tamil Nadu State Apex Cooperative Bank – Head Office, Chennai.

4. Foreign Banks:
Banks which have registered office in a foreign country and branches in India are called foreign banks, e.g., Bank of America – USA.

5. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs):
The RRBs were formed under the Regional Rural Bank Act 1976, jointly by the Central Government, State Government, and a sponsor bank, for example, Pandian Grama Bank.

Question 2.
Explain the types of banks based on ownership patterns.
Answer:
Any bank in which not less than 51 percent of shares are owned by the Government is called Government banks or public sector commercial banks (Total 21). All nationalized banks (19 banks, in 2017), SBIand IDBI Ltd. are public sector commercial banks. All of them are joint-stock company type banks. E.g.: SIDBI, EXIM bank, etc. All banking companies owned by private peóple are called private sector commercial banks.

In 1969, there were 14 private banks which were concentrated in cities and towns. Their objective is to earn more profits. The government paid the share capital of those banks to the private owners and took over as Government banks. This is called the nationalization of banks. There are 19 nationalized banks now:
Examples:

• Nationalised Banks: Indian bank, Indian Overseas Bank, etc.
• Public Sector Banks: State Bank of India, IDBI Bank Ltd., etc.
• Private Sector Banks: Lakshmi Vila Bank, Karur Vysya Bank, etc.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Cooperative Organisation Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Patru, Varavu, Selavu, Alabama, Nashtam which all, collectively known as ‘Iynthogai’ is otherwise called ……………..
(a) Trial Balance
(b) Ledger
(c) Journal
(d) Transaction
Answer:
(a) Trial Balance

Question 2.
Bank of Hindustan was the first bank in India established in ……………..
(a) 1771
(b) 1770
(c) 1932
(d) 1930
Answer:
(b) 1770

Question 3.
The General Bank of India was established in ……………..
(a) 1786
(b) 1796
(c) 1766
(d) 1787
Answer:
(a) 1786

Question 4.
Bank of Calcutta was the first joint-stock bank established in
(a) 1806
(b) 1807
(c) 1805
(d) 1808
Answer:
(a) 1806

Question 5.
World bank otherwise called ……………..
(a) IBRD
(b) IMF
(c) RBI
(d) SBI
Answer:
(a) IBRD

Question 6.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) in which India became the member in ……………..
(a) 1947
(b) 1946
(c) 1945
(d) 1950
Answer:
(c) 1945

Question 7.
The state bank of India came into being in ……………..
(a) 1995
(b) 1945
(c) 1955
(d) 1965
Answer:
(c) 1955

II. Very Short Answer Questions:

Question 1.
What do you mean by Cooperative banks?
Answer:
All cooperative banks in India are owned by their customers or members who are farmers, small traders, and others. Cooperative banks in India are either urban-based or rural-based.

Question 2.
What is a Scheduled bank?
Answer:
All banks which satisfied the norms and included in the Second Schedule to the RBI Act, 1934 are called scheduled banks.

Case Study

Question 1.
You are the Agricultural bank manager; a farmer approaches you for a loan from your bank for purchasing a tractor and other farm equipment. How would you sanction the loan?
Answer:
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) is such a bank National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC). These banks are giving bank loans for agriculture. If I were a bank manager, I ask the farmer the details of security. Land documents and other securities must be collected from the agriculturist. Then I check the productivity of his land.

How much earnings from that land in every year. If the regular incomes and yielding getting from that land, we can allow loan sanction for that farmer. Before that the terms and conditions of the loan sanction letter to be given. He has to read and put the signature in that credit letter.

Question 2.
Due to natural calamities, the farmer could not repay the loan. He has no other way to repay the loan. How to collect a loan from the farmer?
Answer:
We can ask the Government if any policy has been changed and sanctioned any compensations. Otherwise, we can ask him whether insurance took the harvesting land. If he did the insurance policy, the Insurance company can give the compensations and we can collect from them, or we can give notice and give the auction on that land and recover money from that auction by the land document. The land was hypothecated by the bank and the loan was given. So we can have a chance to recover that loan.

 

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Letter Writing

Letters are the most common forms of written communication. Writing letters is an art and it is mastered through practice. We write letters to friends and relatives to maintain contacts with them. However, in the present times with the boom in methods of communication, many of us don’t have the time or the inclination, or the temperament and the art to write letters. So telephone, fax and e-mail have replaced personal (informal) letters.

However, formal letters are still in vogue. Commerce, trade, official correspondence, public representation, complaints and other dealings, transactions and communication with the people are still conducted through letters. Students are therefore advised to cultivate the art and skill of letter writing. It must be remembered that different kinds of letters follow different conventions. . So, the format should suit the type.

Informal Letters
These are ordinary personal letters and informal invitations written to relatives, friends and acquaintances. The main characteristics of informal letters are:

• These letters are first/second person presentations.
• Personal feelings and emotions find an. expression.
• The writer’s address is given in the usual place.
• The salutation is usually ‘Dear’ plus ‘Name’.
• The date of writing is given, but the year is generally omitted.
• The style and tone are relaxed and informal.
• Different tenses are used as the sense demands.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours lovingly’ or ‘Yours truly’.

Formal Letters

A formal letter is different from a personal letter in tone and content. These letters are written for official purposes or commercial correspondence, so they must be systematic, specific in content and formalin the treatment of the’subject. The main features of formal letters are:

• The matter is brief, clear and to the point.
• There are separate paragraphs for separate topics.
• The first paragraph indicates the theme of the letter.
• The facts are stated in simple and direct language.
• Long and high sounding words are avoided.
• Even while lodging a complaint or making criticism, the tone should be polite.
• Clumsy expressions should not be used.
• The complimentary close is: ‘Yours sincerely’, or ‘Yours faithfully’.

Format/Layout Of A Formal Letter

08th March, 20XX

From
XXX
Sender’s Address & Phone No.

To
THE DIRECTOR
Addressee’s Address
………………………………
………………………………

Respected Sir/Madam,
SUB: For the post of a Senior Accountant
REF: The Hindu dated 06/03/20XX

With reference to your advertisement dated 6th March, 20XX in The Hindu, I hereby wish to apply for the post of a Senior Accountant in your esteemed organization.

If given an opportunity I assure you of my sincere service to the satisfaction of my superiors.

Please find enclosed my Bio-data for your kind perusal and looking forward to a positive reply at the earliest.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely,
XXX

To
The Director
………………………………
………………………………

Note: There is no punctuation after From and To
Thank you has been used instead of Thanking you

Types Of Formal Letters

A. Business Letters

• Making enquiries/asking for information
• Replying to enquiries/giving information
• Placing orders and sending replies
• Cancelling orders
• Letters of complaints

B. Official Letters

• Registering complaints regarding civic amenities, law & order, etc.
• Making enquiries pertaining to deveopmental projects, health facilities, etc.
• Making requests/appeals

C. Letter To The Editor

• Giving suggestions on an issue (usually of public interest)
• Expressing views on an issue already raised in an article/write-up/in a published letter

D. Letter Of Application

• Applications for jobs

What Is A Bio-Data?
The application for a job is sometimes accompanied by a bio-data of the applicant. The bio-data is also called a resume or curriculum vitae (C.V.). It contains the following information about the candidate:

• Personal information, e.g., age, health, sex, etc.
• Educational/professional qualifications
• Experience/suitability for the job

Bio-Data
Name: Xxx
Date Of Birth: 8th May, 1986
Marital Status: Married.
Husband’S Name: Mr. Shandy Rajeevan
Address For ComMUNICATION: YYY
Contact Number – MOBILE: 9988776655
Residence: 01222445566
Mother Tongue: Tamil
Language Known: English and Tamil, Hindi And Malayalam (to speak)
Passport Number: A7265511

Educational BacKGROUND : (In reverse chronological order)

Professional ExPERIENCE : (In reverse chronological order)

Hobbies: Photography, Gardening, Reading, Travelling
Expected Salary: Rs 35,000/per month
Salary Drawn: Rs 32,000/ per month
Reference: (1) Mr. Ravi (XYZ Pvt. Ltd.) 9998887777, (2) Mrs. Rani (Raj Enterprises) 9900000222

Declaration
I hereby declare that the above given information is true to my knowledge.
Station: YYY
Date: 08.03.20XX

XXX
SIGNATURE OF THE APPLICANT

Solved Questions
(i) Write a letter to your father seeking his permission to join the swimming class.
Answer:
Chennai
01.05.17

Dear father,

I’m fine. I hope all are fine at home. I wish to join a swimming class. Mr. Rakesh is the coach. The charges are only two hundred rupees per month. The classes start next Monday. Please give me permission.

Thank you,

Yours lovingly,
XYZ

To
Mr. Somu,
12,” Railway Station Road,
Thirunelveli

(ii) As Sports Secretary of your school, write a letter to the Secretary of the Sports Authority of India, Delhi requesting him for details regarding the sports scholarships that are available for students.
Answer:
20 April, 20XX
S. Narula
St. John’s School
Ramapuram
Chennai

The Secretary
Sports Authority of India
New Delhi

Sir,
Sub: Information regarding sports scholarship
I have come to know from my friend in Hyderabad that the Sports Authority of India awards scholarships to sports persons and athletes who distinguish themselves in various sports disciplines during their school days. The tenure of these sports scholarships varies from three to five years.

Some of our athletes have topped at the district level and have been selected for national events. They are keen to know the availability of sports scholarships awarded under your benign guidance. The specific conditions and eligibility criteria may please be intimated to us.

I hope you will provide the necessary information at the earliest.

Yours faithfully

S. Narula
Sports Secretary

To
The Secretary
Sports Authority of India
New Delhi

(iii) Ravi Mohan of 59 Adarsh Nagar, Secunderabad, a Class XII student of the Commerce stream sees this advertisement.
Coaching in Commerce Stream
Sure Shot Institute
14-A Lancer Barracks, Secunderabad
The best choice to ensure success in the exams
Hurry! Join our classes! Limited seats

He writes a letter to the institute seeking information about the subjects taught, the timings of the classes, class size and fees. Write his letter.
Answer:
16 July, 20XX
Ravi Mohan
59, Adarsh Nagar
Secunderabad
The Director
Sure Shot Institute
14 A, Lancer Barracks
Secunderabad Sir,

Sub: Coaching in Commerce stream
Kindly refer to your advertisement in the Deccan Times dated 15 July. I would like more information and details about the courses the institute offers, facilities available, timings, fee structure and size of classes/groups. I need coaching in Accountancy, Advanced Mathematics, and Statistics. Please let me know if coaching is available in all these subjects and what is the schedule. Does your institute cater to individual difficulties or do you discuss and resolve general problems?

Kindly enlighten me on all the above points. In case you have a detailed information booklet, do send it to my address given above.

Yours faithfully
Ravi Mohan

To
The Director
Sure Shot Institute
14 A, Lancer Barracks
Secunderabad

(iv) Write a letter to the Police Commissioner (Traffic) about the inadequate parking facilities in the commercial area of Nungambakkam, which is causing a lot of inconvenience to the people. You may also offer your suggestions to solve it. You are Rakesh/Radhika, No. 12, Nungambakkam, Chennai. (Word limit: 150 words) .
Answer:
12 March, 20XX
Radhika
No. 12, Nungambakkam
Chennai

The Police Commissioner (Traffic)
Chennai
Sir,

Sub: Inadequate parking facilities

I wish to draw your attention towards the lack of an essential civic amenity which causes trouble not only to the vehicle users but also to the general public. The inadequate parking facilities in the commercial street area of Nungambakkam has caused a sea of chaos, confusion and disorder. Most of the vehicles are parked on roads blocking the passages to and from the parking spaces. The problem gets worse during the evening hours. People are stranded as they can’t park their vehicles at places earmarked for parking. Nor can they move out easily towards the road from the parking spaces.
I would like to offer some practical suggestions:

(i) Vehicles with even number should be allowed on even days, i.e., (Tuesday, Thursday F and Saturday) while those with odd ones be used on odd days (Monday, Wednesday, Friday). This will cut the number of vehicles by 50%.

(ii) The parking lots should be controlled by the police so that entry/exit is not blocked.
I hope my suggestions will be implemented for public benefit.

Thank you,
Yours faithfully
Radhika

To
The Police Commissioner (Traffic)
Chennai

(v) As the Regional Manager of a leading XYZ Textile Company, Madurai, write a letter to the American Textile Company, Chennai offering two of your products for bulk sale.
15 April, 20XX
Xyz Textile Company
24 Temple Road
Madurai

The Senior Purchase Manager ,
The American Textile Company
14 Tank Bund Road
Chennai
Sir,
Sub: Offer of Products for Bulk Sale
Ref. STC/20/78

We are one of the leading manufacturers of textile products in India and our products are equally popular at home and abroad. We have received an enquiry from your branch office at Chennai regarding terms for bulk purchase.

We wish to inform you that we grant 30% trade discount to commercial/bulk purchases on an order for not less than one lakh at a time. We allow further discount of 5% to buyers whose orders exceed Five lakh per year.

Our latest price list and illustrated catalogue along with specimen of textiles are enclosed for your kind perusal and approval.
An early reply will be appreciated.

Yours sincerely
A. G. George Sales
Manager

To
The Senior Purchase Manager
The American Textile Company
14 Tank Bund Road
Chennai

(iv) You have placed an order for a few books with City Central Book Shop, Chennai. You have not received the books so far. Write a letter to the bookshop complaining about the non-compliance of your order.
Answer:
25 March, 20XX
A. Shanmugan
Globe Sr. Sec. School
Adambakkam
Chennai

City Central Book Shop
3rd Street
Mount Road
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Non-compliance of the order No. 11/RS

This is with reference to our order No. 11/RS dated 4th March, 20XX regarding the delivery of a few books for our school library.

In this respect, I regret to state that despite repeated reminders on the phone, the books have not yet been delivered to the library so far. The new session has started and the books are required urgently for reference work by the students. I am quite upset about the non-compliance and negligent attitude shown by your shop towards our order. If the specified books don’t reach us within three days from the receipt of this letter, we will conclude that you are not interested in fulfilling this order. In that case, we’ll be compelled to place the order elsewhere. A list of

books ordered is being enclosed herewith. Kindly do the needful at the earliest.

Yours truly
A. Shanmugan
(Librarian)
Enel.—Photocopy of the book-list.

To
City Central Book Shop
3rd Street
Mount Road
Chennai

(vii) You are Vasanthi, a resident of Ayanavaram, Chennai. The residents feel inconvenience due to the frequent digging up of roads by various departments such as electricity, water supply, sewage, telephone, etc. Write a letter to the Editor, The Times of India, Chennai, highlighting the problem and suggesting remedial measures.
Answer:
25 July 20XX
Vasanthi
No. 2/8, Ayanavaram

The Editor
The Times of India
Chennai

Sir,
Sub: Frequent Digging up of Roads

I would like to highlight the problems faced by the residents of Ayanavaram due to the frequent digging up of roads by various departments, such as electricity, water supply, sewage, telephones, etc. We have to put up with traffic diversions almost every fortnight. The dug roads remain unrepaired and cause traffic hazards as well as accidents.

We have written to the Development Authority many times, but our repeated efforts have failed to bear any fruit. I hope the publication of the letter in your newspaper will draw the attention of the authorities to our plight and motivate them to expedite the repair work.

Yours faithfully
Vasanthi

To
The Editor
The Times of India,
Chennai

(viii) Ready Assurance Company, Coimbatore has given an advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ for recruitment of management trainees to be groomed as managers of their company. Apply for the same, giving your detailed bio-data (curriculum vitae). You are Asokan/ Adithi, 5th Main Road, T. Nagar, Chennai.
Answer:
10 March 20XX
Asokan
5th Main Road, T. Nagar
Chennai

The Personnel Manager
Ready Assurance Company
Coimbatore

Sir,
Sub: Recruitment of Management Trainee

With reference to your advertisement in The Hindu dated 5th March 20XX for management trainees to be groomed as managers for your company, I would like to be considered for the said post.

My Bio-data is enclosed for your perusal and consideration. If I am found suitable, I can appear for the interview at any time suitable to you. In case of selection, I assure you of my unstinted cooperation and devotion in the discharge of my duties.

Yours faithfully,
Asokan

To
The Personnel Manager
Ready Assurance Company
Coimbatore

Bio-Data
Name : Asokan Rajan
Father’s Name : Prof. S. Rajan
Address : 5th Main Road, T. Nagar, Chennai
Date of Birth : 7th August 1987
Educational Qualifications : 1. B.Com., Madras University, 2. MBA from Madurai
Experience : 2 years
Present Employment : Working with Global Management, Chennai
Marital Status : Unmarried
Personal Details : Age 29 years, Height : 5.5, Weight : 60 kg
Languages known : Tamil, English, Hindi, French
Hobbies : Reading, Listening to music, Painting
Reference : Professor Suresh Mohan, Madras University

Declaration
I hereby declare that the above given information is true to my knowledge.
Station : YYY
Date : 10.03.20XX

Asokan

(ix) You are Sunil/Sujatha Kannan, parent of a student of class XI. Write a letter to the Principal, Brilliant Public School, Dharmapuri, drawing his attention to the disorderliness, non-availability of books and lack of cooperation from the library staff and suggesting some improvements in the functioning of the school library.
Answer:
25 March 20XX
Sujatha Kannan
37, Dharmapuri
Tamil Nadu

The Principal
Brilliant Public School
Dharmapuri
Sir,

Sub: Improvements in School Library

During my visit to your school in connection with P.T.A. meeting, I happened to go to the library. I would like to draw your attention to the malfunctioning of the library. I sincerely feel that it can prove more useful to the students if few steps are taken to tone it up.

I was shocked at the disorderliness in the library. Books were lying in heaps and were not restored to the proper shelves. No wonder the book which the library has is reported to be non-available by the library staff. The lack of co-operation from the library staff makes the situation worse. You may take steps to make them alert and willing workers. The shortage/ non-availability of books, if any, may be made up by buying more copies of the volumes more in demand. The old and broken tables and chairs may be repaired if not replaced.

I hope that during our next meeting we shall find the library cosy, spick and span.

Yours faithfully
Sujatha Kannan

To
The Principal
Brilliant Public School
Dharmapuri

(x) Write a letter to the Headmaster of your school requesting him to issue your Transfer Certificate.
Answer:
26 July 20XX
S. Aran
12, Nehru Street
Alanganallur
The Headmaster
Government Boy’s Hr. Sec. School
Alanganallur

Sir,
Sub: Request to issue Transfer Certificate
I completed my Std X examination recently. My Roll No. was 18.1 studied in ‘B’ section. I am going to apply for ITI course pending the publication for SSLC results. Kindly issue me my Transfer Certificate.

Thank you,
Yours sincerely
S. Arun

To
The Headmaster
Government Boy’s Hr. Sec. School
Alanganallur

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Narrative Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Narrative Writing

Under this head you may be asked to recount an event/incident that you have experienced. It is a first-person account of the event or incident.

Format: Heading Writer’s name and class
Language: Should be semi-formal. Try to be simple but attractive and appealing. Avoid displaying your linguistic ability.

Content :

– factual information about incident/experience
– date, time, venue of the incident/experience
– sequence of actions/incidents
– reaction to the incident

Solved Questions
(i) Your grandmother completed eighty years of her age on August 16, 2017. Celebrating her 80th birthday was an event for the family.

Describe the event in your words (150-200 words) mentioning the following points:

– preparations for the occasion
– people who gathered
– honour given to the grandmother
– her reactions to the occasion
– her personality
– smart, witty, etc.
– your reactions

Answer:

Grandma Turns Eighty
[Naren, XI A]

Sixteenth August was a grand occasion for our family. My grandmother had turned eighty that day. We organised a family get-together. Messages had been sent to all my uncles, aunts and cousins. The ancestral home was decorated with flowers. A puja was performed in the temple. Then the main function began in the sitting room. It was a very cheerful occasion. All my uncles, aunts and cousins gathered under one roof. She was seated in a high arm chair. My uncle honoured her with a beautiful shawl. Then my parents presented her an almond coloured silk saree. Then came the turn of youngsters.

She appreciated all the gifts presented to her and blessed us. She is still smart, witty and energetic. Words of wit and wisdom dropped like honey from her lips. Dressed in her usual orange coloured dress, she appeared like a divine personality. Since I was the youngest member of the family, I received love and . affection from everyone. Sometimes I felt it was my birthday.

(ii) During the summer vacation Magesh visited his grandfather living in his native village Perambalur – Peraiyur. It was a very pleasant yet unusual experience for him. Thinking you are Magesh, write about such experiences in 150-200 words.
Answer:

Native Village Revisited
[by Magesh]

I had been to my native village five years ago and had very faint memories. But when I visited my grandfather during this summer vacation, all the earlier experiences were revived. What a contrast the village presented. Instead of bullocks, I saw tractors ploughing the fields. Electric motors were drawing water to irrigate fields which were full of tall and green maize plants. Many trees were planted on the boundaries of the farm.

However, the scene at the village pond remained more or less unchanged. I could still notice buffaloes lying in water, a boy riding one of them and rural women washing clothes there. What shocked me was that filthy water from drains was being carried to the pond. The old habits of villagers still persisted. Heaps of rubbish and dung were lying here and there. Stray dogs and pigs were wallowing in the dirt and mud. I beat a hasty retreat to my farmhouse as I could not stand the filth and nauseating smell.

Students can Download Commerce Chapter 10 Reserve Bank of India Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 10 Reserve Bank of India

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Reserve Bank of India Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
Which bank has the power to issue bank notes?
(a) Central bank
(b) Commercial bank
(c) Co – operative banks
(d) Foreign banks
Answer:
(a) Central bank

Question 2.
The Central bank of India is …………….
(a) PNB
(b) SBI
(c) ICICI
(d) RBI
Answer:
(d) RBI

Question 3.
The Reserve Bank of India commenced its operations from April 1,
(a) 1936
(b) 1935
(c) 1934
(d) 1933
Answer:
(b) 1935

Question 4.
Bankers are not only dealers of money but also leaders in …………….
(a) Economic development
(b) Trade development
(c) Industry development
(d) Service development
Answer:
(a) Economic development

Question 5.
Which of the following is not a function of a central bank?
(a) Guiding and regulating the banking system of a country
(b) Deal with the general public
(c) Acts essentially as a Government banker
(d) Maintains deposit accounts of all other banks
Answer:
(b) Deal with the general public

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the services included in Service businesses?
Answer:
Educational, Medical, Hospital, Banking, Warehousing, and Insurance are some of the services included in the Service business.

Question 2.
Write the meaning of ‘Bank’.
Answer:
In simple words, a bank is an institution, which deals in money and credit. The Bank normally refers to Commercial Bank.

Question 3.
Briefly explain about Central Bank.
Answer:
Every nation has one central bank. It is owned by the Government of the country. A Central bank is set up as an autonomous or quasi-autonomous body. Stability and growth of the country’s economy are the main goals of a Central bank.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Mention the importance of banking services.
Answer:
Banking Service is known as the nerve centre of industry and commerce in a nation. It plays a vital role by providing the money required for their regular functioning and development.

Question 2.
Explain the origin of RBI.
Answer:
The Imperial Bank of India carried out the note issue and other functions of the central bank. In 1926 the Hilton-Young Commission or the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance (J. M. Keynes and Sir Ernest Cable were its members) made recommendations to create a central bank. As a result the RBI Act 1934 was passed and RBI launched in operations from April 1, 1935. RBI was established with a share capital of Rs. 5 crores divided into shares of Rs. 100 each fully paid up. The Head office of the RBI is situated in Mumbai.

Question 3.
Who are the persons involved in RBI administration?
Answer:
The RBI is governed by a Central Board of Directors. The 21 member board is appointed by the Government of India. It consists of;

• One governor and four deputy governors appointed for a period of four years.
• Ten directors from various fields
• Two Government officials
• Four directors – one each from local boards.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
Classify the various functions of the Reserve Bank of India.
Answer:
The functions of RBI can be grouped under three heads.
They are as follows:
Leadership and Supervisory Functions India’s Representative in World Financial Institutions In order to maintain consistency and harmony with international banking standards the RBI is associated with Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS, Switzerland) since 1997.

RBI represents the Government of India in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD i.e. World Bank) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in which India is a member since December 27, 1945.

1. Regulator and Supervisor of Indian Banking System
The broad guidelines for all banking operations in the country are formulated by the RBI. The RBI has the power to issue licenses, control, and supervise commercial banks under the RBI Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. It conducts inspection of the commercial banks and calls for returns and other necessary information from them.

2. Monetary Authority
The RBI formulates, implements, and monitors the monetary policy of the country in order to maintain price stability, controlling inflationary trends and economic growth

3. Closely Monitoring Economic Parameters
Broad economic parameters such as employment level, price levels, and production levels, trade cycles, foreign investment flows, the balance of payments, financial markets, etc., are closely monitored by the RBI in order to achieve economic stability and growth. The Board of Financial Supervision (a committee of the Central Board of Directors) of the RBI meets at least once a month (at times every day) to closely monitor all these current developments in the country.

4. Promptly Responding to New Challenges
Whenever challenges arose before Indian Banking System, RBI promptly attends them by issuing Master Circulars and by organizing committees to analyse, review and strengthen Indian Banking. A wealth of information can be found in every Master Circular or committee report. Example: Gopalakrishnan Committee on “Information security, Electronic Banking”, April 2010

B. Traditional Functions

1. Banker and Financial Advisor to the Government
The RBI accepts money into the Central and State Governments’ accounts and makes payments on their behalf. It manages Government debt and is responsible for the issue of new loans. It advises the government on the quantum, timing, and terms of new loans. Inter-Government and interdepartmental account adjustments are carried out by the RBI.

2. Monopoly of Note Issue
The RBI is the sole authority for the printing and issue of all currency notes in India except one rupee note. It is the duty of the RBI to ensure that a sufficient number of good quality currency notes is available to the public. It exchanges currency and coins not fit for circulation. One rupee note and all coins are issued by the Ministry of Finance. Currency notes are printed at Nasik, Dewas, Salboni, Mysore, and Hoshangabad. (Currency notes are never printed outside India).

3. Banker’s Bank
The relationship between RBI and other banks in the country is just like the relationship of a commercial bank with its customers. The RBI maintains the current accounts of all commercial banks in the country. All scheduled banks should deposit a percentage of cash reserve with RBI. All banks can receive loans from RBI by red is counting of bills and against approved securities.

4. Controller of Credit and Liquidity
Controlling the credit money in circulation and the interest rate in the country is a major function of RBI. For this purpose, the RBI uses quantitative and qualitative methods of credit control. Ensuring the availability of sufficient cash and credit (liquidity) for business transactions and investment purposes in the economy is the responsibility of RBI.

5. Lender of the Last Resort:
In times of emergency, any bank in India can approach RBI for financial assistance. RBI provides them credit. When other sources of getting credit arc exhausted, all banks can obtain loan from RBI, and hence it is called lender of last resort.

6. Clearing House Services:
RBI acts as a clearinghouse and maintains a clearing system for all commercial banks in India. The aggregate amount of cheques presented by a bank on other banks represents the claim by that bank on other banks. Similar claims are made by all the banks on every other bank in the clearing.

A net settlement is arrived at the clearinghouse and accordingly the debit or credit entry is made in their current accounts. Though the RBI maintains the clearinghouse system only 14 clearing houses are owned by the RBI, 840 are managed by SBI, and 6 by nationalized banks (total 860).

7. Promotional Functions
The RBI performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives.
Nurturing Banking Habits among the Public:
It is the responsibility of RBI to maintain public confidence in the banking system. It protects the depositors’ interest and aims at providing cost-effective banking services

8.Grievance Settlement Measures:
RBI has appointed 20 (up to 2017)Banking Ombudsman in 20 state capitals. The banking Ombudsman Scheme is a speedy and inexpensive forum for the resolution of customer complaints relating to certain services rendered by banks in India.

9. Agricultural Development:
The agriculture industry is specified as a priority sector by the RBI. The loans of all scheduled banks should consist of a percentage of loans to the priority sector. It works in close association with NABARD to develop agriculture in India.

10.Promotion of Small Scale Industries:
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises are included in the priority sector. All scheduled banks are required to open separate branches to specialise in the financing of these industries.

11.Facilitates Foreign Trade:
The RBI has simplified the rules for credit to exporters, through which they can now get long term advance from banks.

12. Supports Cooperative Sector:
It helps cooperative banks by relaxing rules and providing indirect financing. The rupee symbol was changed from Rs. to “ ‘ ” by the Government of India on July 15, 2010. This became necessary since other countries Indonesia, Mauritius, Nepal,

13.Custodian of Foreign Exchange Reserves:
The RBI maintains a reserve of gold and foreign currencies. When foreign exchange reserves are inadequate for meeting the balance of payments problem, it borrows from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It also administers exchange control of the country and enforces the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. Development and maintenance of the foreign exchange market in India is also the function of RBI.

14.Maintenance of Foreign Exchange Rate:
The RBI manages the exchange value of the rupee in order to facilitate India’s foreign trade and payments. It ensures that normal short-term fluctuations in the trade do not affect the exchange rate.

15.Collection and Publication of Authentic Data:
It has also been entrusted with the task of collection and compilation of statistical information relating to banking and other financial sectors of the economy. RBI monthly bulletin, annual report, and various committee reports contain treasures of authentic data.

Question 2.
Explain the organizational structure of RBI.
Answer:
The head office of the RBI is situated in Mumbai. This central office has 33 departments in 2017. It has four zonal offices in Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, and Chennai functioning under local boards with deputy governors as their heads. It also has 19 regional offices and 11 sub-offices (2017). The RBI is governed by a central board of directors. The 21 member board is appointed by the Government of India. It consists of:

1. One Governor and four deputy governors appointed for a period of four years,
2. Ten Directors from various fields
3. Two Government officials
4. Four Directors – one each from local boards.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Cooperative Organisation Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
The head office of the RBI is situated in …………….
(a) Calcutta
(b) Mumbai
(c) Delhi
(d) Chennai
Answer:
(b) Mumbai

Question 2.
IBRD is otherwise called…………….
(a) IMF
(b) World Bank
(c) SBI
(d) RBI
Answer:
(b) World Bank

Question 3.
When did India become a member of IBRD and IMF?
(a) 1946
(b) 1947
(c) 1945
(d) 1946
Answer:
(c) 1945

Question 4.
Banking Regulation Act, …………….
(a) 1947
(b) 1949
(c) 1945
(d) 1946
Answer:
(b) 1949

Question 5.
Currency notes are printed at …………….
(a) Nasik
(b) Mumbai
(c) Delhi
(d) Kolkatta
Answer:
(a) Nasik

Question 6.
When did India carry out demonetization?
(a) Nov 8, 1996
(b) Nov 8, 2016
(c) Nov 8, 2006
(d) Nov 8, 2017
Answer:
(b) Nov 8, 2016

Question 7.
Among global currencies, the Indian rupee is given the code ……………….
(a) INR
(b) Rs.
(c) NRI
(d) IRN
Answer:
(a) INR

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)?
Answer:
It is the ratio of money and money equivalents kept within the bank in proportion to the total Time and Demand Liabilities with them.

Question 2.
What is Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)?
Answer:
It is the ratio of cash reserves with the RBI kept by Scheduled banks in proportion to the total Time and Demand Liabilities with them.

For Future Learning

Question 1.
Know the Central Banks of Some other Countries.
Answer:
The Central Bank of Russia is the Bank of Russia
The Central Bank of Sri Lanka is the Central Bank of Sri Lanka

• The Central Bank of the USA is Federal Reserve tori The Fed
• The Central Bank of Pakistan is The State Bank of Pakistan

Question 2.
Mention the names of Central Banks in three other countries.
Answer:

• Australia – Reserve Bank of Australia
• Algeria – Bank of Algeria
• Canada – Bank of Canada

Case Study

Question 1.
Taka up a recent newspaper clipping about RBI such as the measures taken to reduce NPA. etc.
Answer:
The non – performing asset (NPA) situation has been one of the contentious issues in the country over the last few years. Even though demonstration has been an issue Recently, the issue of NPAs has been at the foremost of the banking fraternity’s concerns in the last year. In the Context of an ordinance issued by the government to provide more independence to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), it is important to understand what can really be done, considering that RBI has more powers to address this issue. The question for the RBI now is “How will it solve the problem?”. While experts have commented on various measures, it would also be prudent to look across the border to China to see how to deal with this.

1. The first was to reduce risks by strengthening banks and spearheading reforms to the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) by reducing their level of debt.
2. The second important measure was enacting laws that allowed the creation of assets management companies, equity participation, and most important asset-based securitization.
3. The third key measure that China took was to ensure the government had the financial loss of the debt “discounted” and debts equity swaps were allowed in case of growth opportunity.
4. The fourth measure they took was producing incentives like tax breaks, exemption from administrative fees, and transparent evaluation norms.
5. To conclude, it is important to look after some of the key measures taken by other countries to address the NPA issue.
6. India should leam from it, especially in the context of valuations, securitization, and a more targeted NPA redressal mechanism. Sri Ram Balasubramanian is an economist First Published: Wednesday, May 10, 2017

Question 2.
Arrange for a group discussion on customer grievances and the cases settled by Banking Ombudsman offices.
Answer:
Banking Ombudsman offices:
The Banking Ombudsman scheme-, 1995 was notified by RBI on June 14, 1995, in terms of the power confessed on the Bank by Section 35 A of the Banking Regulations Act 1949 (10 of 1949) to provide for a system of redressal of grievances against banks. The scheme sought to establish a system of expeditions and inexpensive resolutions of customer complaints. The scheme is operation since 1995 and was revised during the year 2002. The scheme is being executed by Banking Ombudsman appointed by RBI at 15 centers covering the entire country.

Question 3.
Visit the RBI website www.rbi.org.in to read and have a discussion on any annual report, etc.
Answer:
Name of the complaints received by the Banking Ombudsman

Awards issued by the Banking Ombudsman

and so on …. till 15 centers.

Students can Download Commerce Chapter 9 Government Organisation Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 9 Government Organisation

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Government Organisation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
The share capital of the government company must not be less than …………….
(a) 49%
(b) 51%
(c) 50 %
(d) 25%
Answer:
(b) 51%

Question 2.
Airport Authority of India is a public enterprise. Identify the forty of organization.
(a) Statutory Corporations
(b) Departmental undertakings
(c) Multi-National Corporation
(d) State-Owned Company
Answer:
(b) Departmental undertakings

Question 3.
The oldest form of organization in the public sector …………….
(a) Public sector undertakings
(b) Departmental undertakings
(c) Multinational corporation
(d) Statutory corporation
Answer:
(b) Departmental undertakings

Question 4.
A Government company purchases shares in the name of …………….
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Chief Justice of India
(d) State Chief Minister
Answer:
(b) President

Question 5.
The primary objective of the state enterprises is to …………….
(a) Earn profit
(b) provide employment
(c) Serve the people
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Serve the people

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
State the different types of public sector enterprises.
Answer:

1. Departmental Undertaking
2. Public Corporation
3. Government Company

Question 2.
What is the basic feature of a Departmental undertaking?
Answer:
The departmental undertaking is the oldest form of the public sector. Departmental undertakings are organized, financed & managed by the government. It is controlled by the concerned ministry & the minister’s concern is responsible, accountable & answerable for its work. It provides important public utility services such as Railways, Roadways, Atomic powers, Defence, Post & Telegraph, etc.

Question 3.
Give two examples for each of the following:
Answer:

1. Private sector enterprises
2. Global enterprises
3. Public enterprises

Answer:
1. Private sector enterprises

• Sole proprietorship
• Partnership

2. Global enterprises

• Coca – Cola Corporation
• Unilever

3. Public enterprises

• Life Insurance Corporation
• Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC)

Question 4.
State the form of public enterprises which is most suitable for projects related to National Security.
Answer:
Food Corporation of India (FCI), Tourism Corporation of India, Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (ONGC).

Question 5.
The Industrial Policy Resolution 2001 exclusively reserved for few industries for the public sector. Name these industries.
Answer:

1. Departmental Undertaking
2. Public Corporations
3. Government Companies

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
List the areas where the state or central ownership is a preferred form of business organisation. Justify your choice of areas.’
Answer:
Transport authority, Coal industries, Gas industries are some of the areas where the state or central ownership is preferred. Because these industries need active, alert, and disciplined management. The independent management of the above-said area is the need of the hour.

Question 2.
What are the different kinds of organisations that come under the public sector?
Answer:

1. Departmental Undertaking
2. Public Corporations
3. Government Companies

Question 3.
List the names of some enterprises under the public sector and classify them.
Answer:
Departmental Undertaking Public Corporations Government Companies

Question 4.
Define Departmental undertakings.
Answer:
A Government company is defined under Section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013 as “any company in which not less than 51 % of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, and includes a company which is a subsidiary company of such a Government company”.

Question 5.
What is meant by Government Company?
Answer:
A “Government company” is defined under Section 2(45) of the Companies Act, 2013 as “any company in which not less than 51% of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, and includes a company which is a subsidiary company of such a Government company”.

IV. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Departmental undertaking?
Answer:
Advantages:
1. Easy Formation:
It is easy to set up a departmental undertaking. The departmental undertaking is created by an administrative decision of the Government, involving no legal formalities for its formation.

2. Direct and Control of Parliament or State Legislature:
The departmental undertaking is directly responsible to the Parliament or the State legislature through its overall head i.e. the minister concerned.

3. Secrecy Maintained:
Strategic industries like defence and atomic power cannot be better managed other than government departments. Department undertakings can maintain secrecy in their work.

Disadvantages:
1. Red – Tape and Bureaucracy: There are too many procedures which result in a delay. Commercial organisations cannot afford delay in taking decisions.

2. Incidence of Additional Taxation: Losses incurred by a departmental enterprise are met out of the treasury. This very often necessitates additional taxation the burden of which falls on the common man.

Question 2.
What are the features of a public corporation? (Any 5)
Answer:
Meaning:
A public corporation is that form of public enterprise which is created as an autonomous unit, by a special Act of the Parliament or the State Legislature.

Special Statute:
A public corporation is created by a special Act of the Parliament or the State Legislature. The Act defines its powers, objectives, functions, and relations with the ministry and the Parliament (or State Legislature).

Separate Legal Entity:
A public corporation is a separate legal entity with perpetual succession and a common seal. It has an existence, independent of the Government. It can own property; can make contracts and file suits, in its own name.

Capital provided by the Government:
The capital of a public corporation is provided by the Government or by agencies controlled by the government. However, many public corporations have also begun to raise money from the capital market.

Financial Autonomy:
A public corporation enjoys financial autonomy. It prepares its own budget; and has the authority to retain and utilize its earnings for its business.

Management by Board of Directors:
Its management is vested in a Board of Directors, appointed or nominated by the Government. But there is no Governmental interference in the day-to-day working of the corporation.

Question 3.
What are the Features of Government company? (Any 5)
Answer:
1. Registration Under the Companies Act:
A Government company is formed through registration under the Companies Act, 1956; and is subject to the provisions of this Act, like any other company. However, the Central Government may direct that any of the provisions of the Companies Act shall not apply to a Government company or shall apply with certain modifications.

2. Executive Decision of Government:
A Government company is created by an executive decision of the Government, without seeking the approval of the Parliament or the State Legislature.

3. Separate Legal Entity:
A Government company is a legal entity separate from the Government. It can acquire property; can make contracts and can file suits, in its own name.

4. Whole or Majority Capital Provided by Government:
The whole or majority (at least 51 %) of the capital of a Government company is provided by the Government; but the revenues of the company are not deposited into the treasury.

5. Majority of Government Directors:
Being in possession of a majority of share capital, the Government has authority to appoint majority of directors, on the Board of Directors of a government company.

Question 4.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Public corporation?
Answer:
Advantages:
Bold Management:
Due to Operational Autonomy, A public corporation enjoys internal operational autonomy; as it is free from Governmental control. It can, therefore, run in a businesslike manner. Management can take bold decisions involving experimentation in its lines of activities, taking advantage of business situations.

Legislative Control:
Affairs of a public corporation are subject to scrutiny by Committees of Parliament or State Legislature. The Press also keeps a watchful eye on the working of a public corporation. This keeps a check on the unhealthy practices on the part of the management of the public corporation.

Qualified and Contented Staff:
The public corporation offers attractive service conditions to its staff. As such it is able to attract qualified staff. Because of qualified and contented staff, industrial relations problems are not much severe. The staff has a motivation to work hard for the corporation.

Tailor-Made Statute:
The special Act, by which a public corporation is created, can be tailor-made to meet the specific needs of the public corporation; so that the corporation can function in the best manner to achieve its objectives.

Not Affected by Political Changes:
Being a distinct legal entity, a public corporation is not much affected by political changes. It can maintain continuity of policy and operations.

Lesser Likelihood of Exploitation:
The Board of Directors of a public corporation consists of representatives of various interest groups like labour, consumers, etc. nominated by the Government. As such, there is a lesser likelihood of exploitation of any class of society, by the public corporation.

Reasonable Pricing Policy:
A public corporation follows a reasonable pricing policy, based on cost-benefit analysis. Hence, the public is generally satisfied with the provision of goods and services, by the public corporation.

Disadvantages:

Autonomy and Flexibility:
Only in Theory Autonomy and flexibility advantages of a public corporation exist only in theory. In practice, there is a lot of interference in the working of a public corporation by ministers, government officers and other politicians.

Misuse of Monopolistic Power:
Public corporations often enjoy a monopoly in their field of operation. As such, on the one hand, they are indifferent to consumer needs and problems; and on the other hand, often do not hesitate to exploit consumers.

Rigid Constitution:
The constitution of a public corporation is very rigid. It cannot be changed, without amending the Statute of its formation. Hence, a public corporation could not be flexible in its operations.

Low Managerial Efficiency:
Quite often civil servants, who do not possess management knowledge and skills, are appointed by the government on the board of Directors, of a public corporation. As such, the managerial efficiency of a public corporation is not as much as found in private business enterprises.

The problem of Passing a Special Act:
A public corporation cannot be formed without passing a special Act; which is a time-consuming and difficult process. Hence, the scope for setting up public corporations is very restricted.

Clash of Divergent Interests:
In the Board of Directors of a public corporation, conflicts may arise among representatives of different groups. Such clashes tell upon the efficient functioning of the corporation and may hamper its growth.

Question 5.
What are the features of a Departmental organization? (Any 5)
Answer:
Ultimate Responsibility:
The ultimate responsibility for the management of a departmental undertaking lies with the minister concerned; who is responsible to the Parliament or State Legislature for the affairs of the departmental undertaking. The minister, in turn, delegates his authority downwards to various other management levels, in the departmental undertaking.

Governmental Financing:
The departmental undertaking is financed through annual budget appropriations by the Parliament or the State Legislature. The revenues of the undertaking are paid into the government treasury.

Accounting and Audit:
The departmental undertaking is subject to the normal budgeting, accounting, and audit procedures, which are applicable to all Government departments.

Managed by Civil Servants:
The departmental undertaking is managed by civil servants, who are subject to the same service conditions as applicable to civil servants of the Government.

Sovereign Immunity:
A departmental undertaking cannot be sued anybody, without the consent of the Government.

Case Study

Case 1:
You are a newly appointed MD of a foreign sector tourist Bus transport company. The management of the bus Transport undertaking of your city finds that its buses are not able to attract very many tourists. Private Mini – Buses are seen to be preferred by people on certain routes. As a result, the undertaking is incurring losses. Therefore, management wants to reformulate its price policy. As a CEO or MD, what advice can you give to it? Explain.
Answer:

1. To attract the people, they can change the buses with new facilities.
2. Wi-fi facilities can be provided.
3. Newly painted buses with luxury can run.
4. Air condition facilities can apply.
5. At low cost, they can run the bus.
6. New engines can introduce for control of air problems.
7. The government has the power to control the buses. So they can provide subsidy facilities to the people to attract.
8. Buses can be remodeling with new ideas among the people.
9. Can adopt new innovations to attract the people
10. Tickets cost may be reduced.

Case 2:
Mr. Sudhan is studying in B.Com, 1st year. His father, Mr. Somu is a leading businessman in Chennai. Somehow, Mr. Sudhan does not know anything about utilities. But he is to prepare a lesson for his class on this topic. He requests his father for help. His father tells Mr. Sudhan that Public utilities are no different from his own business except that these are controlled by the Government instead of private people.

Meanwhile, Mr. Chandrasekaran a friend of Mr. Somu comes there. Mr. Chandrasekaran is an employee of Chennai Electricity Supply Undertaking. Mr. Chandrasekaran intervenes in the conversation going on between Mr.Somu and his son and holds that Mr. Sudhan is not correct; there are other special features of public utilities, too. Perform the characters of Mr. Sudhan, Mr.Somu, and Mr. Chandrasekaran and state your positions.

Characters of Mr. Somu: He is a leading businessman in Chennai. He teaches about his business to his son. He explains the differences between private and public government business.

1. Government business need not control because Government will do the business.
2. Private business people will be controlled by Government in the way of paying tax to the Government.
3. Public utilities can be served by Mr. Somu because the utilities services have been done by him.

Characters of Mr. Chandrasekaran:
He is an employee of Chennai Electricity Supply Undertaking. It is a board organisation. It is a Government organisation. He explains about the Public Utilities. Electricity supply is a very important one to the public. The service is given by Government. Electricity supply gives benefits to people, industries, factories, business offices, agriculturalists, and households.

Characters of Mr. Sudhan:
He is studying in B.Com., 1st year. He is good to give a speech in his college about public utilities. He gathered sufficient information about public utilities from his father and his father’s friend. He is a student and he is studying commerce. He learns the business, trade, and industries in textbooks. Practically he got information from his father’s friend Mr. Chandrasekaran.

Students can Download English Poem 3 Lines Written in Early Spring Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 Lines Written in Early Spring

Warm Up

Question 1.
Do you go for leisurely walks? If you are a city-dweller, what or who would you expect to see on your way?
Answer:
Yes, I do go for morning walks with my classmate Ragu. I live in Chennai. We go to the beach for the walk. We come across policemen, doctors, aged people and some small children too briskly engaged in long walks. They enjoy the morning sun at the back drop of the golden sea. Also I find a host of vendors selling vegetable soups, bittergourd soup and nourishing drinks on the seashore. There are points where pure water is sold in glasses. The spring dug out a few hundred metres near the sea is really sweet. I find one ‘Green volunteer group’ collecting all plastic garbage and cleaning the beach.

Question 2.
If you go to a village, what scenes would you observe?
Answer:
If I go to a village, I will find Water-thirsty lands and their owners longing for rains. I will also . find some farmers trying to coax their borewell owners to provide necessaiy water for their little vegetable garden to help them eke out a living. I will also find young children getting ready to go to school. There would be hens busy searching for their breakfast or chanticleers announcing their supremacy on the roof-tops.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Lines Written in Early Spring Textual Questions

1. Find words from the poem that convey the following ideas.

I heard a thousand blended notes
While in a grove I sate reclined,
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.

To her fair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran;
And much it grieved my heart to think
What Man has made of Man.

Through primrose tufts, in that sweet bower,
The periwinkle trail’d its wreaths;
And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes.

The birds around me hopp’d and play’d
Their thoughts I cannot measure,
But the least motion which they made
It seem’d a thrill of pleasure.

The budding twigs spread out their fan
To catch the breezy air;
And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there.

If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature’s holy plan,
Have I not reason to lament
What Man has made of Man?

(a) connected together
(b) spread over the surface of the ground in a straggling manner
(c) make out or understand
(d) slender woody shoots growing from branches or stems of trees
Answer:
(a) blended
(b) tailed
(c) reason
(d) twigs

2. Complete the summary of the poem by filling in the blanks with the words given below

bower	grove	distressed
pleasant	breezy	peace
sorrow	nature	calm

The speaker says that while sitting in a (1) _____ , his mind is filled with both (2) _____ and sad thoughts. He could associate himself with (3) _____ . But he feels (4) _____ at the fact that human beings are exploiting nature. The atmosphere around is (5) _____ and pleasant with flowers in the sweet (6) _____ The air is (7) _____ and everything seems to be happy. When Nature desires such (8) _____ , it is only the irresponsible act of human beings that brings (9) _____ to other human beings and to nature.
Answer:

1. grove
2. pleasant
3. nature
4. distressed
5. calm
6. bower
7. breezy
8. peace
9. sorrow

3. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow.

(i) And ‘tis my faith that every flower
Enjoys the air it breathes…

Question (a)
What is the poet’s faith?
Answer:
The Primrose and Periwinkle share the same bower for their growth. So the poet’s faith is that they enjoy the air they breathe.

Question (b)
What trait of Nature do we see here?
Harmonious relationship of birds, brook, plants, and creepers and willingness to co-exist with one another is the trait evident in nature.

(ii) And I must think, do all I can,
That there was pleasure there…

Question (a)
What did the poet notice about the twigs?
Answer:
The budding twigs spread out their fan To catch the breezy air.

Question (b)
What was the poet’s thought about then?
Answer:
The poet thought that every creature in nature help each other except man.

Question (iii)
If this belief from heaven be sent,
If such be Nature’s holy plan.

Question (a)
What does ‘heaven’ refer to?
Answer:
Heaven refers to the natural source, the heaven, (i.e) God that created life on the earth.

Question (b)
Why does the poet call it ‘holy’?
Answer:
The poet believes that the harmonious, peaceful, and happy co-existence of birds, plants, trees, and brooks soothes the troubled mind of man. So, the poet feels as if he were inside a sacred place when he is in the woods. So, he calls the plan ‘holy’.

4. Explain the following lines with reference to the context in about four to five sentences each.

Question (i)
In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts
Bring sad thoughts to the mind.
Answer:
Reference: These lines are taken from Poem – “Lines Written in Early Spring”, Poet – “William Wordsworth”.
Context: While sitting in the grove the poet utters these words.
Explanation: When the poet sits in the grove taking rest he observes that all creatures on the earth are connected together in one way or the other. He gets fascinated by the divinity of nature. At that moment the impact of war between two countries and the humans killing each other comes to his mind.

Question (ii)
The birds around me hopp’d and play’d,
Their thoughts I cannot measure.
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem “Lines Written in Early Spring” written by William Wordsworth.
Context: The poet was quite impressed with the beauty and peace that prevailed in the woodland. The birds were oblivious to the presence of the poet. They hopped and chirped around him in absolute bliss. The poet said these words while trying to fathom their thoughts. Explanation: The poet was overwhelmed with delight in the company of birds, plant kingdom and the brook. He tried hard to understand the thoughts of the birds through the bird’s language. But he couldn’t succeed. He simply inferred that they were thrilled and enjoying the jocund company.
Comment: The. lines bring out the nature of the ‘Nature Poet’. .

Question (iii)
Have I not reason to lament
What Man has made of Man?
Answer:
Reference: These lines are taken from Poem – “Lines Written in Early Spring”, Poet – “William Wordsworth”.
Context: The poet laments the behavior of man.
Explanation: The poet feels that as per God’s creation every creature on this earth has its birth to enjoy their life to the fullest. Birds, Flowers, and trees follow this holy plan of nature and make their life filled with happiness forever. It is a man who does not follow the plan of ’’Live and Let Live”. The poet laments about this innate state of man.

5. A. Read the following sets of lines and identify the figures of speech used in each extract.

Question (i)
To her, works did Nature link
Answer:
Personification

Question (ii)
The human soul that through me ran…
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (iii)
And ‘tis my faith that every flower…
Answer:
Personification

Question (iv)
What Man has made of Man?
Answer:
Alliteration man, made, man

B. Read the poem once again. Identify the rhyme scheme and pick out the rhyming pairs of words.

ab, ab is the rhyming scheme of the poem
link – think, wreaths -breathes, measure – pleasure, fan – can, air – there, plan – man, ran – man are some of the rhyming words found in the poem.

6. Based on your reading of the poem, answer the following questions in a sentence or two each.

Question (a)
How does the poet feel while enjoying the beauty of Nature?
Answer:
The poet has both pleasant and sad thoughts in his mind while enjoying the beauty’ of Nature.

Question (b)
Does Nature affect a person’s thoughts and feelings? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, the beauty, harmony, peace, and nature’s pure joy enlivened the poet’s spirits. He couldn’t help comparing the happiness of nature with the self-destructive wars of human beings. He was sad remembering humans.

Question (c)
How do people bring grief and sorrow to one another?
Answer:
They bring grief and sorrow by fighting and being cruel to one another.

Question (d)
Why does the poet think that the birds were happy?
Answer:
The poet thinks that the birds were happy because they hopped and played around him. Their least motion displayed their most joy.

Question (e)
The poet finds joy in various objects of Nature. Explain.
Answer:
The Periwinkle grows around the Primrose and shares the air they breathe. Birds enjoy playing happily. The way in which budding twigs spread their fan to catch the breeze shows that they are happy

Question (f)
Bring out the poet’s thoughts, while comparing Nature with human behaviour.
Answer:
The poet’s joy of witnessing the soul-refreshing joy of plants, flowers, and birds did not last long. He remembered the cruelty with which dictators were throwing bombs and taking away the lives of innocent people. He couldn’t bear the destruction of life and property. He lamented, “What man has made of man?”.

7. Complete the following sentences by choosing the best options.

Question (a)
The poet experiences sadness because _________
(i) the blended notes are jarring
(ii) Nature is filled with negativity
(iii) he is worried about the destruction caused to Nature
(iv) natural calamities occur frequently
Answer:
(iii) he is worried about the destruction caused to Nature

Question (b)
The poem is set in a _________
(i) city
(ii) village
(iii) grove
(iv) park
Answer:
(iii) grove

Question (c)
The poem speaks of _________ .
(i) Man’s plan to shape the destiny
(ii) Man seeking pleasure and riches
(iii) Man indulging in wars and acts of destruction
(iv) Man’s fear of Nature
Answer:
(iii) Man indulging in wars and acts of destruction

8. Answer in a paragraph of about 100-150 words.

Question 1.
Do you think the poet wants to say that man is unhappy because he has lost his link with nature and forgotten how to enjoy nature or because man is cruel to other men?
Answer:
The poet William Wordsworth wants to convey the readiness of nature to teach the art of ‘living together in harmony, peace and bliss. But man has lost his sensitivity to listen to the joyful lessons of nature. His greed and love for possession of territories and abject cruelty to [ fellow humans and nature has disillusioned the poet. He has almost lost faith in the capacity of humans to love and live in harmony with nature, man has gone to the extent of denuding

the forest which really sustains life on earth. Rare species in the forests are on the brink of; destruction. Animals and birds in the red list are growing in number to the great distress of nature lovers. So, I believe Wordsworth is unhappy for both (i.e) man’s losing the link with nature and his infinite capacity to be cruel to other men.

Listening Activity

9. Some phrases have been left out in the poem below. First, read the poem. Then, fill in the missing words on listening to the reading or the recording of it in full. You may listen ’ again, if required.

(For listening to the poem refer to our website wwwfullcircleeducation. in)
“To Autumn” by William Blake (1783)

O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stain’d
’With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit
Beneath my shady roof; there thou may’st rest,
And tune thy jolly voice to my fresh pipe,
And all the daughters of the year shall dance!
Sing now the lusty song of fruits and flowers.’
“The narrow bud opens her beauties to
The sun, and love runs in her thrilling veins;

Blossoms hang round the brows of Morning,
and Flourish down the bright cheek of modest Eve, .
Till clust’ring Summer breaks forth into singing,
And feather’d clouds strew flowers round her head.
The spirits of the air live in the smells
Of fruit; and joy, with pinions light, roves round
The gardens, or sits singing in the frees.”
Thus sang the jolly Autumn as he sat,
Then rose, girded himself, and o’er the bleak .
Hills fled from our sight; but left his golden load. .

To Autumn:
O Autumn, laden with fruit, and stained
With the blood of the grape, pass not, but sit
Beneath my (1) _____, there thou mayst rest,
And tune thy jolly voice to my (2) _____ ;
And all the daughters of the year shall dance!
Sing now the (3) _____ of fruits and flowers. “
The (4) _____ opens her beauties to
The sun and love runs in her (5) _____ v.;

Blossoms hang round the brows of the morning, and
Flourish down the (6) _____ of modest eve,
Till clustering Summer breaks forth into singing,
And (7) _____ strew flowers round her head.
The spirits of the air live on the smells
Of fruit; and joy, with (8) _____, roves round
The gardens, or sits singing in the trees.”
Thus sang the (9) _____ as he sat,
Then rose girded himself, and o’er the bleak Hills fled from our sight, but left his (10) _____
Answer:

1. shady roof
2. fresh pipe
3. lusty song
4. narrow bud
5. thrilling veins
6. bright cheek
7. feathered clouds
8. pinions of light
9. jolly autumn
10. golden load

Speaking Activity

10. Answer the following Questions 

Question (a)
What scene in nature gives you pleasure? Talk for a minute describing a natural scene that gave you a lot of joy. What did you see, hear, smell, or feel that gave you joy?
Answer:
Every morning I take a walk in the Municipality’s park. The landscaping has been done with an aesthetic mind by gardener Kali. During daybreak, the yellow sun embraces the flowers in the park. They face the sun with coyness befitting a bride. They blush and spread their fragrance. I watch the beauty of the roses and some yellow flowers. I feel refreshed. The morning breeze, the pearl-like mist beads crowning the grass, the swallows which chirp and look for grains or crumbs, all the aged couple walking with empathy for one another fills my heart with joy. These everyday scenes make my day all through the year.

Question (b)
Work in groups of 4-6. Discuss how you would preserve the environment and protect Nature. One or two representatives may share their ideas with the class.
Answer:
Janani: I represent the “Green warriors” group. My group is of the strong opinion that the National Green Corps must wage a war against the ignorance of people. People do not know that’ by cutting woods, they are perpetuating their own poverty. We believe sustainable lumbering is the only way to help poor people and at the same time turn them into guardian angels of the forest.
Karthick: I represent the “Green Earth” group. Could you please throw more light on “Sustainable lumbering”? Do you mean to say that people would use the woods and yet protect them too.

Janani : Thank you for asking a very intelligent question. Poor people who live in the forest villages do not have money to buy gas cylinders. We don’t have enough forest officers to either protect the trees nor the poor animals which are kept even inside the most protected National forest in Kaziranga. Haven’t you heard of Jamuna Tudu, the Lady Tarzan of Jharkhand? In Maturkhan village, Jamuna the newly wedded bride was deeply disturbed by the illegal felling of long tall trees. To her shock, Timber mafias had browbeaten the villagers.

Since 2000, Jamuna spoke to the village women to use dry sticks and twigs for firewood but she made them understand that only if trees survived, there would be rains and villagers will be able to cultivate their lands. She has created 300 forest protection women committees. They protect the forest. About 50 hectares of forests have been reclaimed. Niti Ayog has conferred the “Women transforming India award of 2017”. Seeing Women’s determination to conserve the environment, forest officials and State Government have provided water facilities and schooling facilities, to this remote village.

Karthick : We place on records the valuable information provided by Janani. We would like . to supplement her ideas.
We, the student community can go on a campaign against the rising carbon footprint, pollution, global warming and all man-made evils due to the failure of man to protect the environment.

Because of man’s failure to live in harmony with nature the possibility of the perpetuation of human race is at stake. Let us love nature and protect the environment for making the earth a safer place to live for future generation. Thank you

11. Answer the following in a paragraph of 100-150 words each.

Question (a)
‘Nature can nurture’. Describe how this process happens.
Answer:
Human beings are able to live on earth simply because earth offers them enough food to live on. The plants, trees, flowers, crops, cereals and greens that grow on earth gives all the nutrients necessary for man to survive inclement weather and other challenges. Where there is still heavy rains, we have forest coverage which supports the ‘water cycle’ and periodic rainfall. If forests are well-guarded from timber mafia and stupid people who fell them indiscriminately for firewood, forests would pay back thousand times by pumping out oxygen and taking in carbon-di-oxide.

All of us know that they are free washermen of the air. Earth tries to grow drought-resistent plants and trees where rainfall is poor. With efficient water management. Nature would grow more food for us and nurture us and ensure the continuity of human race on this planet.

Question (b)
When humanity fails to live in harmony with Nature, its effects are felt around the world. Why and how?
Answer:
Man, the worst predator, kills for no reason. Man has to protect forests and live in harmony with nature. Instead, man is callous. He kills elephants for their tusks, Rhinoceros for their home, and polar bears for their fur. Huge trees, in Rainforests, which have been protecting the lives of many

species and insects, are being felled for timber and industrialization. Due to the increase in the denudation of forests, global warming has increased. Water levels in the ocean is increasing. Heatwaves are threatening the lives of people. Polar ice is melting. Scientists fear that if this, persists, there will be hostility caused by water-sharing. Like Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, there will be political unrest and community conflicts demanding a share in drinking water and water for irrigation purposes. In South Africa, zero water day is fast approaching.

The scarcity of pottable water is going to be a huge humanitarian crisis. As we have failed to protect the national resources, carbon footprint is expanding to alarming levels. Delhi experiences difficulty as planes struggle to land or take off due to thick smog in and around Delhi. As toxic waste is released by Sterlite and other industries people in Thoothukudi are becoming victims of cancer and other lung-related disorders. Atomic power plants also retain potential hazards like radio-activity. Thus humanity’s failure to live in harmony with nature is threatening to wipe out the human race.

Question (c)
Write a letter to the Councillor of your Ward, explaining why a park is necessary for your locality.

XYZ
18.10.2018
From
ABC
18, Mukilan Street,
Nehru Colony,

To
Thiru Mayavan,
Councillor, Ward 1,
Dharmapuri
Sir,
Sub: Request for establishing a Children’s park in Nehru colony in XYZ – reg.
I am living at the above address with my parents. Nehru colony is now fast developing. I am told that the land earmarked for the children’s park is going to be sold for the construction of a shopping mall. Since all the plots have been sold, we children and the aged, need the park for some morning exercises and evening relaxation. I request you to intervene and advise the municipality not to sell the parking space for commercial purposes. Please take steps to establish a park for us.
Thanking you in advance for immediate action.
Yours sincerely,
ABC

To
Thiru Maya van
Councillor, Ward 1
Dharmapuri

Lines Written in Early Spring About the Poet

William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge published together Lyrical Ballads in 1798. It was Wordsworth who broke the myth of writing poetry for an elite audience. It is nothing but ‘a man speaking to man’. He defined poetry as a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” and “emotions recollected in tranquility”. Wordsworth, the nature poet wrote poems easy to be read and enjoyed by common people. His Lucy poems, Michael. Daffodils, The Solitary Reaper, To the cuckoo. Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey have established his reputation as a poet.

Lines Written in Early Spring Summary

Introduction: Wordsworth presents the natural world of birds and flowers as one of calm agreement and pleasure, contrasted with the implied failure of mankind to live up to such a model. What precisely “Man has made of what man” is unstated and that’s probably for the best to explicit about how Wordsworth feels man has failed his fellow men – whether through allowing his fellow humans to starve from poverty and exploitation or through reverting to savage violence. The poem was written against Napoleonic wars, which followed on the hot heels of the reign of terror.

This poem signals the start of the Romantic era and is included in the “preface to lyrical ballads”. It also signals the beginning of a platonic relationship between S.T. Coleridge and William Wordsworth. The poem is in a form of a ballad consisting of six quatrains. The rhyming scheme is ab ab.

In the first quatrain, the divinity of nature is revealed in the phrase “a thousand blended notes” implying almost a pervasive presence of nature akin to the omnipresence of God.

The second quatrain moves briefly away from nature to reminisce on the misery that other humans have caused each other since time immemorial. The poet says man’s state by nature is close to nature “Through primrose tufts, in that green bower. The periwinkle trailed its wreaths; And’tis my faith that every flower enjoys the air it breaths”. The presence of nature as living things strikes. Throughout the poem, Wordsworth builds up the idea of a living, breathing world that is only a fraction removed from humanity. “The hopping birds”, “the budding twigs” enjoy their being there. The plants, creepers and birds fulfill nature’s holy plan of living in harmony with one another. But the poet is quick to add “Have I no reason to lament. What man has made of man!”

Throughout the poem, there was an attempt made by nature to heal the injured soul of the poet. The world of nature untouched by the miseries of humanity continues on while the human soul, bound in its rigid case of mortality and reason, is left behind to experience the misery of the human world.

Lines Written in Early Spring Glossary

Textual:

bower – a pleasant shady place under trees
grieve – mourn or to feel intense sorrow
grove – a small area of land with a group of trees
lament – to express sorrow or unhappiness about something
periwinkle – a trailing plant with large blue flowers
primrose – a wild plant with yellow flowers
recline – lean back in a position of rest
sate – old fashioned spelling for sat
tufts – bunches

Additional:
attempt – effort
celestial – heavenly
chirping – singing
faith – trust
harmony – everywhere
peaceful co-existence
heal – cure
misery – difficulty
pervasive – prevalent

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Writing Non-Verbal Interpretation, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Writing Non-Verbal Interpretation

A. Tabular Representation Of Data
(i) Study the following table pertaining to the monthly expenditure of two families and write three sentences on your inference about the data:

Heads of Expenses	The Sridharan’s	The Hariharan’s
Food	35%	30%
Transport	10%	5%
Education	25%	20%
Recreation	15%	10%
Savings	10%	25%
Miscellaneous	5%	10%

Answer:

• The Sridharans are more lavish than the Hariharan’s
• They spend more money on food and recreation and enjoy life without much worry about the future.
• The Hariharans are judicious in spending and save more for a rainy day.

(ii) Study the table and write three inferences on Agricultural yield (Rice) in India.

Answer:
(i) West Bengal tops in the cultivation of rice in terms of area under the plow. Next, Punj ab is doing sound rice cultivation with good yield. Thirdly, Andhra is doing fanning and cultivating rice successfully.

(iii) Study the following calendar and write three sentences of your inferences in March, 2018.

Answer:
(i) There are four Sundays.
(ii) There are five Saturdays.
(iii) There are 22 working days for Government organizations in March 2018.

B. PIE-CHART
(i) Study the pie-chart given and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What are the two types of movies liked by equal percentage of people?
(b) Which type of movie is preferred by most number of people?
(c) Which type is least enjoyed and favoured by people?
Answer:
(a) Science fiction based movies and comedies are liked by equal percentage of people.
(b) Romantic movies are preferred by most number of people.
(c) Drama is least enjoyed and favoured by people.

(ii) Study the pie-chart given and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What gets the maximum attention in Saravana’s home?
(b) Does the family spend a lot on education? How?
(c) What is your opinion about Saravana’s spending habit?
Answer:
(a) Food gets the maximum attention in Saravana’s home.
(b) No, the family spends only 10% of the income on education.
(c) He is a spendthrift. He spends more on entertainment and less on health and education.

C. Dialogue Writing
(i) Build up a conversation between a Principal and a parent.
Parent : Good morning, Sir. I was told that you wanted to meet me.
Principal : Good morning. Please sit down. Your son has got excellent drawing skills.
Parent : I am really glad to hear it. But what about his studies, Sir?
Principal : Please don’t get upset. He is a clever boy. He can do well in studies also.
Parent : How can I help him?
Principal : I have given him the address of a nearby Art school.
Parent : Thanks, Sir. I shall send him in the weekends.
Principal : This is a cheque for his fees there.
Parent : Thank you so much, Sir.
Principal : He has earned it. He only painted all the boards. He will become a great artist one day.

(ii) Build up a dialogue between an employer and a candidate at the interview.
Candidate : Good morning, Sir.
Employer : Welcome. Please sit down. Give me your certificates.
Candidate : Here they are! Along with the letter from Prof. Vašanth.
Employer : You mean Prof. Vasanth from American college?
Candidate : Yes, Sir. He was impressed with my acting as Othello.
Employer : Great! Have you participated in debates and elocution contests.
Candidate : Yes, Sir. These are my certificates.
Employer : Do you have experience in documenting?
Candidate : I video-documented NSS work during tsunami, Sir.
Employer : Do you have experience in edking newsletters?
Candidate : Yes, Sir.
Employer : Great. We are looking for a talented person to work as Media Documentation Officer. Will you accept the job for Rs 20,000 per month?
Candidate : Yes, Sir. Thanks.

(iii) Build up a dialogue between a policeman and a tourist who needs some guidance.
Tourist : Excuse me, Sir.
Police : Yes. How can I help you?
Tourist : Thank you, Sir. I just need to know the way to Chennai Airport.
Police : It is just five kilometers from here. By. what mode do you plan to go?
Tourist : I shall take a bus.
Police : Then cross the road to the opposite side. Take bus route No. 18G.
Tourist : Does the bus stop right at the Airport?
Police : Yes, right in front of the airport at Tirusulam stop.
Tourist : Thank you very much, Sir. Very kind of you.
Police : You’re most welcome.

Build up a dialogue between two friends regarding the use of plastics.
A : Hello… How are you?
B : Hello… Fine, nice to meet you.
A : It seems you are on your way to the bazaar.
B : Quite right. How do you know?
A : The cloth bag in your hand of course.
B : Your guess is absolutely right.
A : I haven’t brought any. The shopkeeper will give carrybags.
B : Yes. But they are plastic or polythene. We should not use them.
A : Why? What’s wrong?
B : Plastic bag pollutes the soil. It is non-bio-degradable. Cloth bag is simple but bio-degradable.
A : Thank you. I will carry a cloth bag hereafter.

(v) Write a dialogue with at least five utterances between a Post Master and a student who wants to open a savings account in the post office.
Student : Good morning, Sir.
PM : Good morning. What shall I do for you?
Student : Sir, I want to open a savings account.
PM : Have you brought your Aadhar card?
Student : Yes, Sir.
PM : Have you brought two copies of passport size photograph of yourself?
Student : Yes, Sir.
PM : Fill in this application. How much do you want to deposit now?
Student : Rs 500, Sir.
PM : That is good to start with.
Student : Thank you, Sir.

D. E-MAIL
E-mail is one of the fastest and latest ways of communication. It is concise and one needs to be more technical. In such communication both the addresser and addressee need an E-mail ID where one can write a message. It is communicated through a server. So at both ends there should be a computer or laptop to receive the message.

Hints for writing E-mail

– Maintain brevity,
– Make it personal.
– Answer swiftly.
– Use proper structure & layout.
– Do not write in CAPITALS.
– Do not overuse Reply to All.
– Be careful with formatting.
– Use a meaningful subject.
– Use simple and lucid language.
– Use templates for frequently used responses.
– Do not attach unnecessary files.
– Do not overuse the high priority option.
– Revise/Review the e-mail before you send it.
– Take care with .abbreviations and emoticons.
– Do not use e-mail to discuss confidential matter.

Layout of an E-mail

Solved Questions
(i) You are Seema/Suresh, living at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Write an e-mail to the health officer of your city drawing his attention to the unsanitary conditions of your locality.
Answer:

To	[email protected]
From	[email protected]
Subject	Insanitation in locality
Sir I would like to draw your kind attention to the unsanitary conditions that have pervaded in our locality. It is a new locality where one can find big and beautiful buildings. When it was brought into being a few years ago, the municipal authorities had given a word to look into the needs of the residents. Unfortunately, their promises proved to be. mere words. The roads of our locality are all muddy and take a shabby look whenever it rains. During sunny days, people spread dust in the surroundings. The drains stink as they are not regularly cleaned. Since there are no dustbins around, people throw the waste material on the roadside. Flies and mosquitoes buzz about all the time. These conditions have made residents vulnerable to diseases. I, therefore, request you to please look into the matter seriously and take steps to curb the situation. We will be thankful if you do accordingly and help us. Yours sincerely Seema

(ii) You are Varghese/Mary. You have been invited to attend the wedding of your friend’s sister during summer vacation. Write an e-mail to him/her regretting your inability to attend it.
Answer:

To	[email protected]
From	[email protected]
Subject	Inability to attend the wedding
Dear Ancy Thank you for your cordial invitation on the occasion of your sister’s wedding. I, however, regret my inability to be with you on this happy occasion as we shall be leaving for Ooty for the summer holidays on 1 May, 20XX. Please excuse my absence. Do convey my regards and best wishes to the couple.Yours sincerely Varghese/Mary