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Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Report Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Report Writing

Report writing is an attempt to gather information about an event, incident or accident from the persons concerned, the parties involved, the victims and authorities. The third-person point of view ensures objectivity in the report.

Guidelines
The heading is essential. The report may be in one or two paragraphs.

• Be objective.
• Organize the details properly. and logically.
• Present the material systematically

How should a report be written?
Answer:
A report should:

– be in the form of a narrative
– include all relevant details
– mention the date and time of occurrence
– mention the facts
– be in the past tense
– focus on one particular event only
– mention the venue
– mention the cause, result, etc.

Report For A School Magazine
Format:
(a) Heading
(b) Writer’S Name And Class.

Heading/Title Of The Happening [by Dhanwanth/Aditi] ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………

Language: Should be semi-formal. Try to be simple but attractive and appealing. Avoid displaying your linguistic ability.

Content :

– factual information about school activity/event
– date, time, venue of the activity/event
– a sequence of event/program
– information about participants/chief guests/judges
– kind of organisation, people responsible for programme/arrangements
– results, if describing a contest

Report For A Newspaper
Usual subjects: Political news, sports news, crimes, accidents, natural disasters, etc.

Format :
(a) Headline
(b) ‘Byline’, i. e., by a correspondent/reporter or an agency as its source and
(c) Date-line-date and place of occurrence

Headline [by Sudhir/Sudha, TOI Correspondent/Staff reporter] Chennai, 9 March ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………

Language and Style :

– quite formal
– passive voice is preferred
– journalistic jargon (vocabulary/expressions), e.g., according to ministry/party spokesman or according to government sources
– use of words like ‘alleged’ or ‘suspected’ before ‘murderer’, ‘smuggler’, ‘thief’, etc.

Content:
It is most important. The main information is given in the first two or
three sentences. Other essential information like date, place, occasion, etc., follow. The presentation should be symmetrical.

Solved Questions
(a) Write a report for your school magazine.
Answer:

The Annual Sports Day
[by Shekhar]

12th February, 20XX, was a big occasion for our school. The Annual Sports of our school were held on that day at our school playground. A colorful shamiana was erected for guests and teachers. The stands were also tastefully decorated. The athletes gathered in front of the stage at 8.30 a.m. There was a march-past. The Principal took the oath and declared the sports- meet open. At 9.30 the track events began with 200 metre race for boys and 100 metre race for girls. Field events like long jump, high jump, javelin throw and discus throw were held in between the races. The programme was beautifully planned. In the afternoon the cycle race, sack race and three legged-race provided amusement. The musical chair race for guests provided a lot of fun. Kamal of XIIA was declared the best athlete.

(b) The floods in the State of Tamil Nadu, adversely affected the area causing destruction to life, property, cattle and crops. As a news correspondent, you visited this state. Write the details of this disaster in 150-200 words. Also give a suitable title to your write up.
Answer:

Devastation By Floods
[XYZ, News Correspondent, The Express]

A visit to the flood-hit districts of the State of Tamil Nadu fills one with depressing thoughts. How can nature be so cruel? The cyclonic storm has proved a disaster for the state. Coastal areas have been hit hard. The villages and hamlets have been adversely affected. Thousands of acres of land having crops are still submerged in water. Millions of cattle have been washed away or perished in the flood waters. Thousands of the villagers have been rendered homeless. Hundreds of children and the aged have been swept off. Thus there has been an all round destruction of life, property, cattle and crops. Government agencies and voluntary groups have rushed to the help of the flood-affected victims. The situation is grim and calls for more concerted efforts.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Notice Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Notice Writing

Notice
A notice is a written or printed news, announcement or information. A notice may contain news/information about something that has happened or is likely to happen. It may be a formal announcement of public importance or an advance warning meant for compliance and information. A notice can be about a meeting, an event, an excursion/a historical trip/a picnic, lost and found, change of name/address/uniform/timings/venue, etc.

Purpose
Notices are effective means of disseminating information related to different issues or occasions. They reach to a large number of persons in a short time. Hence, a notice is written in simple and formal language. It is clear, brief and to the point.

Display
(a) School/College Notice Boards
(b) Newspapers/Magazines
(c) Public Notice Boards

Main Characteristics
(a) Format: It includes the word ‘notice’, date, heading, writer’s name and designation.
(b) Content: It must answer the questions What? When? Where? How? etc.
(c) Expression: It relates to the overall organisation and relevance of the content as well as grammatical accuracy and fluency.

Remember:

• It must contain complete information.
• The order of the presentation should be clear.
• State the purpose of notice clearly.
• Content should include all necessary information, e.g., for a meeting- the time, venue, date, and agenda.
• Use impersonal language, i.e., third person. Avoid ‘I’ and ‘You’,
• Give the designation of the writer just below the signature.
• The date of writing notice is generally at the top.

Solved Questions
(a) You are the president of the Cultural Society of your school. You are planning to organize a cultural program: Write a notice for the school notice-board inviting names of students willing to participate. You are Sudhir, the secretary of the society.
Answer:

Cultural Society St. Patrick School, Coimbatore 9 Aug. 20XX Notice Opportunity For Budding Artists Talented students are invited to submit their names for a musical evening to be held on 21st August 20XX in the school open-air theatre from 6 p.m. onwards: Items : (i) Light vocal music (solo) (ii) Group Song (iii) Group Dance (iv) Classical Dance (Solo) Contact the undersigned before 16th Aug. 20XX Sudhir Secretary Cultural Society

(b) The 10th International Book Fair is being held at YMCA Ground between 7 Feb. to 14 Feb 20XX. As Secretary of Literary Association, write a notice informing students about it.
Answer:

1 Feb. 20XX Notice The 10th International Book Fair is being organised as per details given below: Venue : YMCA Ground, Chennai Dates : 7 Feb. – 14 Feb. 20XX Time : 11a.m.-7 p.m. Entry fee : Free for students, conducted tours All students are requested to visit. Contact the undersigned for class-wise programme. Shashi/Sachin Secretary Literary Association

(c) You are Hari/Dipti, School Captain. The Principal has permitted you to organise a class picnic to Mahabalipuram under the supervision of your class teachers. Write a notice for the school notice-board inviting the names of those who would like to join the picnic.
Answer:

6 Aug. 2OXX Notice Picnic At Mahabalipuram A Picnic at Mahabalipuram is being organised on Sunday, the 14th August 2OXX for class XII. Departure : 8 a.m. (School bus) ArrivaI : 6 p.m. Fees : Rs 50 per head Attraction : Fun Games/Boating/Crafts Exhibition Guidance : Mr. J.P. Thilagan & Ms. S. Pushpa, class teachers Those interested may give their names to the undersigned by 11th August 2OXX Hari/Dipti School Captain

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Speech Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Speech Writing

(i) You are Arun/Akila. You have to deliver a speech on the topic ‘Education Gives One Power’. You have jotted down the following notes:

Education trains mind—sharpens skill and abilities—Education: a source of power— improve self—be independent—earn money—ignorance to knowledge—removes superstition—develops a free spirit—important for women: gives them freedom from social ills—independent—responsible.
Write your speech in 150-200 words.
Answer:

Education Gives Power

Respected Principal, teachers and friends!

Education provides us knowledge. It trains our mind and sharpens our skills and abilities. Education refines our tastes and temperaments and builds our thought process. Vocational courses help young boys to earn and learn together. They provide means of earning livelihood and open the route to employment. Professional courses, as is evident from the name itself, equip us for adopting various professions. Some of these highly skilled professionals seek placements or jobs in esteemed companies and business concerns. Thus education is important for our survival. Decent living is impossible without good income or high salary.

Education improves the quality of our life and frees us of superstition, foolish, meaningless mind-blocks and rituals. If women are educated the whole family benefits as the food is hygienically prepared, children are healthy, well-mannered and disciplined. Education gives us power over our environment. We can control the situation and shape our destiny. Education spreads awareness among people and gives them freedom from social ills. It makes people independent by providing them means to earn their living. They become responsible citizens and realise their rights and duties. In short, education gives one power.

Thank you.

(ii) Shweta has to deliver a speech in the morning assembly on the topic: ‘The Generation Gap is Destroying Family Life’.
Write her speech in about 150-200 words.
Answer:
The Generation Gap Is Destroying Family Life

Respected Chairman, honorable judges, members of the staff and my dear friends!

I stand before you to speak my mind on ‘The Generation Gap is Destroying Family Life’. There are many points to support this contention.

The generation gap has caused a chasm between the old and the young. There is a clash of ideas and ideals, tastes, way of thinking and life-style. The young hanker after luxury, comfort and material happiness. They believe in full enjoyment and complete freedom. The elders insist on moral and spiritual values. They advocate renunciation and control on desires. The children think that their parents are slave to customs.

The generation gap is evident in the behaviour and manners of the two classes. The elders believe in strict obedience to a superior authority. They want that children must respect their elders and leam to be polite. The children pine for freedom. They resent all sorts of curbs. They demand freedom of expression. They want to have a say in family affairs. They insist that their views must be given proper consideration. This leads to bickerings, heart-burning and . tension in the family.

The elders insist on discipline and strict compliance of their orders. They advocate smiling acceptance of punishment meted out for breach of discipline. The young insist on unrestrained freedom and frankness. They advocate freedom of self-expression and are unwilling to tolerate any interference in their personal affairs—career, love-affair or marriage. Thus there is a wide gap between the two generations. This difference in their way of thinking and behavior is destroying family life.

Hence, I conclude that ‘The generation gap is destroying family life’.

Thank you.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Debate Writing

(i) You are chosen for representing your school at the regional level inter-school debate contest. Prepare a debate for the same on the topic given below:
‘Newspapers ought to contain more news and fewer advertisements
Answer:

Newspapers Ought to Contain More News and Fewer Advertisements
(by Pradeepa)

Respected Chairperson, August faculty and dear friends,

It is painful to see that journalists have lost all ethics and professionalism today. They adopt diverse techniques to increase the revenue of their paper. They try to sensationalise the news to win more readers. However, even the newspaper having the largest circulation is not self-dependent. It must have plenty of commercial advertisements to meet its running costs. In fact, it is these ads which provide the owners the requisite funds. Thus, advertisements cannot be ruled out. They are a necessary evil and must stay.

The owners and editors of the newspapers must also realise their responsibility to the nation. The press is the strongest pillar of democracy. It creates sensible public opinion in favor of good policies and criticises the wrong policies. The newspapers must maintain a balance between news and advertisements. A common man buys a newspaper for news. It would be better that the editors publish a classified advertisement supplement twice or thrice a week and save the general reader from the proliferation of advertisements while scanning the pages for views and news.

(ii) Prepare a debate on the topic ‘Corruption’.
Answer:
Corruption
Yesterday we had a debate about corruption. Of course, everybody was against it, particularly in Third World countries where it undermines economic progress and social and political institutions. But when it comes to business some people weren’t so sure. Corruption is often hidden in the form of fees or taxes or commissions. If these are needed to help get the business instead of your competitor, then a little flexibility is needed.

Fortunately, I was faced with this very early in my business career. I told their Lordships a little cautionary tale. My company developed some new technology in the textile industry and the way it could be used in many countries was through licensing. On one occasion, I had to convince an official to give us a permit. In his bookcase were copies of Dickens, Shakespeare, the Oxford English Dictionary and so I complimented him on his interest in English literature. He looked at me and handed me a copy of Dombey and Son. I opened it up and inside was a cutout which exactly fitted American dollar bills.

As I said in the debate, I am not sure whether it was my distaste for corruption, my uncertainty about the law, my concern for our reputation or my love of books, but this deal never did go through.

However, we did sell that technology in 23 other countries and later several people told me that they bought our license instead of others exactly because we did not pay bribes. This gave them more confidence that our technology would work.

It was the cash flow from these licenses that helped the early business grow. It also convinced me that a strong ethical culture is good for a business.

This is why we should stop watering down the Bribery Act and bring it into force now.

(iii) Impact of Demonetization on Common Man
Answer:
At the stroke of the hour on midnight of 9th November 2016, India lost 86% of its monetary base. The print, electronic and social media has been praising Prime Minister’s masterstroke by which he has reportedly destroyed the base of corruption in India. In this single move, the Government has attempted to tackle all the three issues affecting the economy, /.<?., a parallel economy, counterfeit currency in circulation and terror financing. There is no doubt that Prime Minister has pulled out a major coop and substantially enhanced his reputation as a strong leader.

Views and Counterviews:

The idea of demonetization is good but it has to be taken into consideration that most of the black money is kept in the form of.land, buildings or gold or kept abroad. What is in cash constitutes only 4% of the total amount of black money on which taxes are not being paid.

Out of this, a lot of money is in circulation in an everyday transaction like if someone is building a house; the bill is not paid through banks for sand, bricks, etc. This money goes into the other systems though it has been drawn from bank. These things will come under control with this step.

Small farmers, sellers, merchants, daily wage labourers and traders are suffering because of lack of proper planning, intelligence and foresight such as recaliberation of ATM machines. There was need to pile up enough 100 Rupee notes and other smaller denomination notes in the market before taking this step. It is being said by critics that this step was taken only to bolster the image of the Prime Minister as he has been unable to deliver on GDP growth, inflation and bringing the black money from abroad.

Demonetization is an established practice in monetary policy to tackle black money. The Prime Minister has explained why this is a financial surgical strike. It was meant to be suddenly implemented. In the past, demonetization has taken place twice but it fails because the idea is to tackle the black money existing in circulation. This is not to tackle corruption per se or the Government is not saying that 100% corruption will be tackled. If announcement and time would have been given, this step might not have been successful in controlling black money and counterfeit currency in circulation coming from Pakistan, Nepal or other countries.

People are facing problems because the limit of withdrawal has not been kept at a higher level. If this would have been kept at a higher level, there were chances that the recycling of black money might begin. The ideal money in circulation has to come to the banking channels.

It is also being said that what is being attempted is replacement of currency and not demonetization itself which was unnecessary. This is a terrible setback for the international standing of the Indian economy. At this time, the economy is struggling with slowdown. There is demand sluggishness in the economy leading to practically no private sector investment and stagnant industrial growth. If we look at the farm sector, this is the harvest time. Farmers generally deal in cash and India is also largely a cash economy. The cash transactions in this economy are far more than the total number of electronic transactions done on a daily basis. In the tribal heartland of the country, the poor people through middlemen are getting their currencies exchanged for Rs 300 or Rs 400 because of lack of proper information which is hitting them.

The stock of the black economy that constitutes a major part of the GDP is significant. Even if 50% of this amount is withdrawn, the kind of relief that RBI will get on its liabilities and the sort of deposits commercial banks will get will lead to a rise in the deposit and later on there will be decrease in lending rates plus fiscal deficit. The black money in circulation is like a steroid in the economy which keeps the demand going and gives a feeling that everything is working well. The problem is that investment is not taking place in the economy and the rate of growth of capital formation is down. The only way to bring this up is to divert more funds into investments which will happen when the cost of capital comes down.

Conclusion:
So far, it can be said that this is a historical step and should be supported by all. One should look at the bigger picture which will definitely fetch results in the long term. This is what the people have been asking for a long time which has finally happened.

Students can Download Commerce Chapter 8 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Solutions Chapter 8 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct Answer

Question 1.
A Multinational Corporation can be defined as a firm which ……………..
(a) Is beyond the control of any government
(b) Is one of the top 200 firms in the world
(c) Owns companies in more than one country
(d) All the above
Answer:
(c) Owns companies in more than one country

Question 2.
Centralised control in MNC’s implies control exercised by ……………..
(a) Branches
(b) Subsidiaries
(c) Headquarters
(d) Parliament
Answer:
(c) Headquarters

Question 3.
Enterprises operating in several countries but managed from one country is termed as ……………..
(a) Government company
(b) Multinational Company
(c) Private company
(d) Joint Venture
Answer:
(b) Multinational Company

Question 4.
Dispersal of decision making power to branches/affiliates/subsidiaries by head office represents ……………..
(a) Centralisation
(b) Decentralisation
(c) Power
(d) Integration
Answer:
(b) Decentralisation

Question 5.
Coca – Cola company is an example of ……………..
(a) MNC
(b) Government company
(c) Joint Venture
(d) Public company
Answer:

II. Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Define Multinational Company.
Answer:
According to Neil H.Jacoby, “A multinational corporation owns and manages the business in two or more countries”

Question 2.
Write any two advantages of MNC.
Answer:
1. Low-Cost Labour: MNC set up their facilities in low-cost countries and produce goods/ services at a lower cost.
2. Quality Products: The resource, experience, and expertise of MNCs in the sphere of research and development enable the host country to establish its research and development system which helps it in producing quality goods and services at the least possible cost.

Question 3.
Give two examples of MNC.
Answer:
Micromax informatics, Karbonn Mobiles.

Question 4.
Name the type of business enterprise which operates in more than one country.
Answer:
A multinational corporation is known by various names such as: global enterprise, international enterprise, world enterprise, transnational corporation etc.

III. Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What are the advantages of MNC’s?
Answer:
The Following are the major advantages of MNC’s.

• It helps in providing low-cost labour
• It put an end to exploitative trade practices of local monopolists.
• It helps in producing quality products.
• It helps is the proper usage of Idle Resources.

Question 2.
What are the disadvantages of MNC’s?
Answer:

1. The danger for Domestic Industries: MNCs, because of their vast economic power, pose a danger to domestic industries; which are still in the process of development. Domestic industries cannot face challenges posed by MNCs.
2. Transfer of Outdated Technology: Where MNCs transfer outdated technology to the host nation, it serves no purpose.
3. No Benefit to Poor People: MNCs produce only those things, which are used by the rich. Therefore, poor people of host countries do not get, generally, any benefit, out of MNCs.
4. Danger to Independence: Initially MNCs help the Government of the host country, in a number of ways and then gradually start interfering in the political affairs of the host country.
5. Deprivation of Job Opportunity of Local People: MNCs may not generate job opportunities for the people of their home country.

Case Study

Public enterprises are established to achieve the goal of economic and social development of the country. They are managed and controlled by Central or State Governments through ministers or government officials. Many times their poor performance influences the policy formulation and running of the enterprise into a loss. Even the big business houses use their influence and get the policies formulated in their favour. State the role of ministers or government to frame the policies for the success of public enterprises.
Answer:
Role of Ministers or governments to frame the policies for the success of public enterprises.

1. The ministers or governments encourage to start multinational companies.
2. It is easy to form in our country.
3. The economic policy is favorable to the multination corporations.
4. The national income will increase by starting MNCs in India.
5. At low cost the products to be produced and sold to people with a minimum range of profits.
6. Tax relaxation can be permitted because the Government allowed them to start a business.
7. Tax revenue can be increased to the Government.
8. New technologies can be imported from developed countries.
9. Culture can be improved among the people.
10. Communication may be developed.

Students can Download Economics Chapter 1 Company Secretary Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction To Micro-Economics

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Introduction To Micro-Economics Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – A
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
‘Economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life’ -It is the statement of
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Lionel Robbins
(c) Alfred Marshall
(d) Samuelson
Answer:
(c) Alfred Marshall

Question 2.
The basic problem studied in Economics is ……………………….
(a) Unlimited wants
(b) Unlimited means
(c) Scarcity
(d) Strategy to meet all our wants
Answer:
(c) Scarcity

Question 3.
Microeconomics is concerned with
(a) The economy as a whole
(b) Different sectors of an economy
(c) The study of individual economic units behaviour
(d) The interactions within the entire economy
Answer:
(c) The study of individual economic units behaviour

Question 4.
Which of the following is a microeconomics statement?
(a) The real domestic output increased by 2.5 percent last year
(b) Unemployment was 9.8 percent of the labor force last year
(c) The price of wheat determines its demand
(d) The general price level increased by 4 percent last year
Answer:
(c) The price of wheat determines its demand

Question 5.
Find the odd one out:
(a) “An inquiry into the nature and the causes of the Wealth of Nations”
(b) “Principles of Economics”
(c) “Nature and Significance of Economic Science”
(d) “Ceteris paribus”
Answer:
(d) “Ceteris paribus”

Question 6.
The equilibrium price is the price at which ……………………….
(a) Everything is sold
(b) Buyers spend their money
(c) Quantity demanded equals quantity supplied
(d) Excess demand is zero
Answer:
(c) Quantity demanded equals quantity supplied

Question 7.
Author of “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations”
(a) Alfred Marshall
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Lionel Robbins
(d) Paul A Samuelson
Answer:
(d) Paul A Samuelson

Question 8.
“Economics studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses” is the definition of the economics of …………………………
(a) Lionel Robbins
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Alfred Marshall
(d) Paul A Samuelson
Answer:
(a) Lionel Robbins

Question 9.
Who is the Father of Economics?
(a) Max Muller
(b) Adam Smith
(c) Karl Marx
(d) Paul A Samuelson
Answer:
(b) Adam Smith

Question 10.
“Economics is a science” The basis of this statement is …………………………
(a) Relation between cause and effect
(b) Use of deductive method and inductive method for the formations of laws
(c) Experiments
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 11.
Utility means
(a) Equilibrium point at which demand and supply are equal
(b) Want-satisfying capacity of goods and services
(c) Total value of commodity
(d) Desire for goods and services
Answer:
(b) Want-satisfying capacity of goods and services

Question 12.
A market is ………………………
(a) Only a place to buy things
(b) Only a place to sell things
(c) Only a place where prices adjust
(d) A system where persons buy and sell goods directly or indirectly
Answer:
(d) A system where persons buy and sell goods directly or indirectly

Question 13.
Which one of the following is not a point in the Welfare Definition of Economics?
(a) Study of an ordinary man
(b) Economics does not focus on wealth alone
(c) Economics is the study of material welfare
(d) Economics deals with unlimited wants and limited means
Answer:
(d) Economics deals with unlimited wants and limited means

Question 14.
Growth definition takes into account ……………………….
(a) The problem of choice in the dynamic framework of Economics
(b) The problem of unlimited means in relation to wants
(c) The production and distribution of wealth
(d) The material welfare of human beings
Answer:
(a) The problem of choice in the dynamic framework of Economics

Question 15.
Which theory is generally included under microeconomics?
(a) Price Theory
(b) Income Theory
(c) Employment Theory
(d) Trade Theory
Answer:
(a) Price Theory

Question 16.
……………………….. have exchange value and their ownership rights can be established and exchanged.
(a) Goods
(b) Services
(c) Markets
(d) Revenue
Answer:
(a) Goods

Question 17.
Identify the correct characteristics of utility
(a) It is equivalent to ‘usefulness’
(b) It has moral significance
(c) It is same as pleasure
(d) It depends upon consumer’s mental attitude
Answer:
(d) It depends upon consumer’s mental attitude

Question 18.
Who has given a scarcity definition of economics?
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Marshall
(c) Robbins
(d) Robertson
Answer:
(c) Robbins

Question 19.
The process of reasoning from particular to general is
(a) Deductive method
(b) Inductive method
(c) Positive economics
(d) Normative economics
Answer:
(b) Inductive method

Question 20.
Total revenue is equal to total output sold multiplied by ………………………….
(a) Price
(b) Total cost
(c) Marginal revenue
(d) Marginal cost
Answer:
(a) Price

Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 21.
What is meant by Economics?
Answer:

1. The term or word ‘Economics’ comes from the Ancient Greek “oikonomikos” [oikos means “households” and nomos means “management” “custom” or “law”.
2. Thus, the term “Economics” means “management of households”.
3. The subject was earlier known as “Political Economy” is renamed as Economics.

Question 22.
Define microeconomics?
Answer:

1. Microeconomics is the study of the economic actions of individual units say households, firms, or industries.
2. It studies how business firms operate under different market conditions.
3. The combined actions of buyers and sellers determine prices.
   • Microeconomics covers:
   • Value theory [product pricing and factor pricing]
   • Theory of economic welfare.

Question 23.
What are the goods?
Answer:
Goods are also called:

1. Products
2. Commodities
3. Things
4. In Economics, the term ‘goods’ implies the term ‘services’.

Question 24.
Distinguish goods from services.
Answer:

S.No.	Goods	Services
1.	Material things, tangible	Intangible
2.	Exist independently of their owner	Inseparable from their makers
3.	Transferable have value – in – exchange	Services cannot be stored as inventories like goods.

Question 25.
Name any two types of utility?
Answer:

1. Time Utility: A sick man derives time utility from blood, not at the time of its donation. but only at the operation – time, i.e., when it is used.
2. Place Utility: A student derives place utility from a book not at the place of its publication (production centre) but only at the place of his education (consumption centre).

Question 26.
Define positive economics.
Answer:
Positive economics deals with what it is, its means, it analyses a problem on the basis of facts and examines its causes.

Question 27.
Give the meaning of the deductive method?
Answer:

1. The deductive method is also named an analytical or abstract method.
2. It consists in deriving conclusions from general truths.
3. It takes few general principles and applies them to draw conclusions.
4. The classical and neo-classical schools of economists notably, Ricardo, JS Mill, Malthus Marshall, Pigou applied the deductive method in their economic investigations.

Part – C

Answer the following questions in One Paragraph

Question 28.
Explain the scarcity definition of Economics and assess it.
Answer:
Lionel Robbins published a book “An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science”. In it, he defined “Economics is a science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses”.
Assessment:

1. Robbins does not make any distinction between goods conducive to human welfare and goods that are not.
2. Economics deals not only with the microeconomic aspects but also with the macroeconomic aspects like how national income is generated. Robbins reduces economics merely to the theory of resource allocation.
3. Robbin’s definition does not cover the theory of economic growth and development.

Question 29.
What are the crucial decisions involved in ‘what to produce’?
Answer:

Every society much decides on what goods it will produce and how much of these it will produce.
In this process, the crucial decisions include:

1. Whether to produce more food, clothing, and housing or to have more luxury goods.
2. Whether to have more agricultural goods or to have industrial goods and services.
3. Whether to use more resources in education and health or to use more resources in military services.
4. Whether to have more consumption goods or to have investment goods.
5. Whether to spend more on basic education or higher education.

Question 30.
Explain different types of economic activities.
Answer:

1. Economics focuses on the behavior and interactions among economic agents, individuals, and groups in the economic system.
2. It deals with the consumption and production of goods and services and distribution of income among the factors of production.
3. It includes the activities of the rational human beings under the existing social, legal, and institutional arrangement.
4. It studies the way in which people use the available resources to satisfy their multiplicity of wants.

Question 31.
Elucidate different features of services?
Answer:
Along with goods, services are produced and consumed. They are generally, possess the following:

1. Intangible:

• Intangible things are not physical objects but exist in connection to other things, for example, brand image, goodwill, etc.
• The intangible things are converted and stored into tangible items such as recording a music piece into a pen drive.

2. Heterogeneous:

• Services vary across regions or cultural backgrounds.
• A single type of service yields multiple experiences, e.g., music, consulting physicians, etc.

3. Inseparable from their makers:

• Services are inextricably connected to their makes. For example, labour and labourers are inseparable.

4. Perishable:

• Services cannot be stored as inventories like assets.
• For example, it is useless to possess a ticket for a cricket-match once the match is over.
• It cannot be stored and it has no value-in-exchange.

Question 32.
What are the important features of utility?
Answer:
Utility: Utility is the want satisfying power of a commodity or a service. Features of utility :

1. Utility is psychological.
2. Utility is not equivalent to usefulness.
3. Utility is not the same as pleasure.
4. Utility is personal and relative.
5. Utility is the function of the intensity of human want.
6. Utility is a subjective concept.
7. Utility has no ethical or moral significance.

Question 33.
Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics
Answer:

S.No.	Micro Economics	Macro Economics
1.	It deals with the economic decision-making of individual economic agents.	It deals with aggregates and averages of the entire economy.
2.	It accounts only small components of the whole economy.	It considers the economy of the country as a whole.
3.	It deals with the price determination of individual products and factors of pro­duction.	It deals with the general price – level in any economy.
4.	It is concerned with the optimization goals of individual consumers and producers	It is concerned with the optimization of the growth process of the entire economy.

Question 34.
Compare positive economics and normative economics.
Answer:
Positive economics deals with what it means, it analyses a problem on the basis of facts and examines its causes whereas, Normative economics responds to a question like what ought to be.

Positive Economics:

1. An increase in the money supply implies a price rise in an economy.
2. As the irrigation facilities and application of chemical fertilizers expand, the production of food – grains increases.
3. An increase in birth rate and a decrease in the death rate reflect the rate of growth of the population.

Normative Economics:

1. Inflation is better than deflation.
2. More production of luxury goods in not good for a less developed country.
3. Inequalities in the distribution of wealth and incomes should be reduced.

Part – D

Answer the following questions in about a page

Question 35.
Compare and contrast various definitions of Economics?
Answer:
1. Wealth Definition: “Adam Smith”
Adam Smith in his book “An inquiry into nature and causes of the wealth of nations” (1776) defines “Economics as the science of wealth”
Criticism:

1. For Smith, Economics consists of ‘Wealth getting’ activities and ‘Wealth – spending’ activities.
2. An undue emphasis is given to material wealth.
3. It ignores human welfare which is an essential part of economics.
4. Ruskin and Carlyle regard economics as a ‘dismal science’, “Pig Science” etc as it is against ethics.

2. Welfare Definition: “Alfred Marshall”
Alfred Marshall is his book “Principles of Economics” (1890) defines economics as: “Political Economy” or economics is a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of well-being. Thus, it is on one side a study of wealth; and on the other and more important side, a part of the study of man.
Criticism:

1. Marshall regards only material things.
2. He does not consider immaterial things, such as the services of a doctor, a teacher, and so on.
3. The concept of welfare is not clearly defined.
4. Welfare varies with the person, country, and time period.
5. Welfare not only depends on the stock of wealth possessed but also on the political, social, and cultural activities of the nation.

3. Scarcity Definition: “Lionel Robbins”
Lionel Robbins published a book “An essay on the nature and significance of economic science (1932). In it, he defined “Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses”.
Criticism:

1. Robbins does not make any distinction between goods conducive to human welfare and goods that are not.
2. Economics deals not only with the microeconomic aspects but also with the macro-economic aspects like how national income is generated.
3. Robbin’s definition does not cover the theory of economic growth and development.

4. Growth Definition: “Samuelson”
Paul Samuelson defines economics as “The study of how men and society choose, with or without the use of money to employ scarce productive resources which could have alternative uses, to produce various commodities over time, and distribute them for consumption now and in the future among various people and groups of society”.
Criticism:

1. Like Kohbin Samuelson states that the means are scarce in relation to unlimited ends.
2. Samuelson makes his definition dynamic by including the element of time in it.
3. It covers various aspects like production, distribution, and consumption.
4. Samuelson treats economics as a social science in contrast to Robbins regards it as a science.

Conclusion:
Of all the definitions discussed above the growth definition stated by Samuelson appears to be the most satisfactory.

Question 36.
Explain various steps of deductive and inductive methods.
Answer:
Steps of deductive method :

1. Should have a clear and precise idea of the problem.
2. Definition of technical terms and assumptions.
3. Deducing hypothesis.
4. Verification of hypotheses

Steps of inductive method :

1. Data collection and arrangement.
2. By observing the data conclusions are drawn easily.
3. Generalization of data and hypothesis formulation.
4. Verification of hypothesis.

Question 37.
Elaborate on the nature and scope of Economics.
Answer:
Economics nature:

1. The nature of a subject refers to its contents and how and why they find a place in the subject.
2. This nature is understood by studying the various definitions given by notable economists.
3. The existence of a multiplicity of definitions makes some scholars comment that a search for a clear definition of economics is an exercise in futility.
4. “Political economy is said to have strangled itself with definitions.”
5. Their presence makes studying a subject interesting, exciting, enjoyable or worthwhile.
6. In fact, their presence in a social science subject is a clear sign of the growth of the science.
7. It indicates that there exists freedom for people associated with such as science to formulate fresh definitions.

Scope of Economics:

1. The scope of the subject of Economics refers to the subject matter of economics.
2. It throws light on whether it is an art or science and if science, whether it is a positive science or normative science.

Economics – Its Subject Matter:

1. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions among economic agents, individuals, and groups belonging to an economic system.
2. Economics studies the ways in which people use the available resources to satisfy their multiplicity of wants.
3. The activities of rational or normal human beings are the subject-matter of Economics.

Question 38.
Explain basic problems of the economy with the help of the production possibility curve. Production possibility curve :
Answer:
The Problem of choice between relatively scarce commodities due to limited resources can be illustrated with the help of a geometric device, is known as the production possibility curve

Basic problems of the Economy:

(i) The problem of choice :

1. The problem of choice arises because of the given limited resources and unlimited wants.
2. It may be related to the allocation of resources between people of different standards.
3. Since PPC is the locus of the combination of the goods the problem of choice will not arise.

(ii) The Notion of scarcity :

1. We can explain the notion of scarcity with the help of PPC.
2. Every society possesses only a specific amount of resources, which can produce only a limited amount of output even with the help of the best technology.
3. The PPC reflects the constraints imposed by the element of economic scarcity.

(iii) Solution of central problems :

1. The central problems of an economy can be explained with the help of PPC.
2. The solution for what to produce involves the decision regarding the choice of location on the production possibility curves.
3. A production combination represented by any point inside the PPC indicates that the economy is using inefficient methods of production and a combination of resources.

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Economics Introduction To Micro-Economics Additional Questions and Answers

Part – A

Choose the best options

Question 1.
In Economics, we make use of ………………………
(a) Deductive Method
(b) Inductive Method
(c) Both
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Both

Question 2.
Adam Smith wrote “Wealth of Nations” in
(a) 1723
(b) 1890
(c) 1776
(d) 1932
Answer:
(c) 1776

Question 3.
Who wrote the book “Principles of Economics” in 1890?
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Alfred Marshall
(c) Lionel Robbins
(d) Samuelson
Answer:
(b) Alfred Marshall

Question 4.
Lionell Robbins book, “An essay on the nature and significance of economic science” was published in
(a) 1932
(b) 1776
(c) 1723
(d) 1890
Answer:
(a) 1932

Question 5.
Production refers to the creation of ……………………….
(a) Price
(b) Market
(c) Cost
(d) Utilities
Answer:
(d) Utilities

Question 6.
is the unit of measurement of utility.
(a) Price
(b) Utils
(c) Consumption
(d) Human wants
Answer:
(b) Utils

Question 7.
Perishable goods are ………………………..
(a) Long Term Lived
(b) Short Term Lived
(c) Medium Term Lived
(d) Longer Life Time Lived
Answer:
(b) Short Term Lived

Question 8.
“The proportion of total expenditure incurred on food items declines as total expenditure goes on increasing” is
(a) Marshall’s law
(b) Adam Smith’s law
(c) Engel’s law
(d) Samuelson’s law
Answer:
(c) Engel’s law

Question 9.
……………………… The economy is the other name for economics.
(a) Wealth
(b) Welfare
(c) Scarcity
(d) Political
Answer:
(d) Political

Question 10.
The utility can be measured indirectly using the ‘Measuring rod of money’ is the statement of
(a) Adam Smith
(b) Samuelson
(c) Marshall
(d) Lionel Robbins
Answer:
(c) Marshall

Question 11.
……………………. goods don’t directly satisfy the consumer.
(a) Capital
(b) Consumer
(c) Free
(d) Economic
Answer:
(a) Capital

Match the following and choose the answer using the codes given below 

Question 1.

(a)	Adam Smith	(1)	Nature and significance of economic science
(b)	Alfred Marshall	(2)	Net economic welfare
(c)	Robbins	(3)	Principles of Economics
(d)	Samuelson	(4)	Wealth of nations

(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 1 2 3 4
(c) 4 2 3 1
(d) 2 4 3 1
Answer:
(a) 3 4 2 1

Question 2.

(a)	Goods	(1)	Man-made
(b)	Services	(2)	Nature
(c)	Free good	(3)	Tangible
(d)	Consumer good	(4)	Intangible

(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 3 4 2 4
Answer:
(c) 4 3 2 1

Choose the correct statement

Question 3.
(a) Utility is equal to the usefulness
(b) Utility is the same as pleasure
(c) Utility is an objective concept
(d) Utility has no ethical or moral significance
Answer:
(d) Utility has no ethical or moral significance

Question 4.
(a) Consumption is the result of the co-ordination of factors of production
(b) Macro Economics is the obverse of micro Economics
(c) Macro Economics is called price theory
(d) production studies about the pricing of factors of production
Answer:
(b) Macro Economics is the obverse of micro Economics

Choose the incorrect pair

Question 5.

(a)	Micro Economics	i	Value theory
(b)	Macro Economics	ii	Income theory
(c)	International Economics	iii	Happiness index
(d)	Public finance	iv	Financial Administration

Answer:
(c) International Economics – Happiness index

Question 6.

(a)	Adam Smith	i	Classical era
(b)	Marshall	ii	Neoclassical era
(c)	Robbins	iii	New age
(d)	Samuelson	iv	Old age

Answer:
(d) Samuelson iv Old age

Choose the odd one out

Question 7.
(a) Form unity
(b) Place utility
(c) Time utility
(d) Total utility
Answer:
(d) Total utility

Question 8.
(a) Net economic
(b) Wealth definition
(c) welfare definition
(d) scarcity definition
Answer:
(a) Net economic

Choose the correct pair

Question 9.

(a)	International economics	i	Public investment
(b)	Health economics	ii	Drug price control
(c)	Developmental economics	iii	Ecology and environment
(d)	Environment economics	iv	Human development index

Answer:
(b) Health economics (ii) Drug price control

Question 10.

(a)	Equilibrium	i	Keynes
(b)	Utils	ii	Marshall
(c)	Ragnar Frisch	iii	England
(d)	Neo-classical school	iv	Adam smith

Answer:
(b) Utils (ii) Marshall

Choose the incorrect statement

Question 11.
(a) Macroeconomics is concerned with the economy as a whole
(b) Microeconomics is the study of economic actions of individual units
(c) Health economics is an area of applied economics
(d) International economics analyses the interrelationship between economy and environment.
Answer:
(d) International economics analyses the interrelationship between economy and environment.

Question 12.
(a) Economics is an art – A.C. Pigou, Marshall
(b) Economics is a science – Robbins, Jordan
(c) Economic laws are a statement of tendencies – Adam Smith
(d) Political economy is said to have strangled itself with definitions – Keynes
Answer:
(c) Economic laws are a statement of tendencies – Adam Smith

Analyze the reason for the following

Question 13.
Assertion (A): Deductive method derives conclusions from general truth.
Reason (R): Hypotheses can be verified through direct observation and statistical methods
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(d) Both (A) and (R) are false.
Answer:
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Question 14.
Assertion (A): In every society, certain choices have to be made.
Reason (R): Resources are always scarce but wants are numerous.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true, (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Fill in the blanks with the suitable option given below

Question 15.
The value of goods expressed in money terms is
(a) Revenue
(b) Market
(c) Price
(d) Cost
Answer:
(c) Price

Question 16.
Alfred Marshall wrote “Principles of Economics” in
(a) 1776
(b) 1932
(c) 1723
(d) 1890
Answer:
(d) 1890

Question 17.
______ is the assumption in economics that makes the economic laws hypothetical
(a) Other things remaining the same
(b) Time remaining the same
(c) Money remaining the same
(d) Wants to remain the same
Answer:
(a) Other things remaining the same

Choose the best option

Question 18.
Examples for perishable goods
(a) Television, furniture
(b) Table, chair
(c) Fish, fruits, flowers
(d) Vehicles, capital goods
Answer:
(c) Fish, fruits, flowers

Question 19.
The proportion of total expenditure incurred on food items declines as total expenditure goes on increasing is
(a) Marshall’s law
(b) Samuelson’s law
(c) Adam smith’s law
(d) Engel’s law
Answer:
(d) Engel’s law

Question 20.
The utility can be measured indirectly using the ‘Measuring rod of money’ is the statement of
(a) Marshall
(b) Samuelson
(c) Robbins
(d) Frisch
Answer:
(a) Marshall

Part – B

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences

Question 1.
What is scarcity?
Answer:
Scarcity is the gap between what people want and what they are able to get.

Question 2.
Define normative economics?
Answer:

1. Inflation is better than deflation.
2. More production of luxury goods is not good for a less-developed country.
3. Inequalities in the distribution of wealth and incomes should be reduced.

Question 3.
Explain Value.
Answer:
Value is the power of a commodity to command other commodities in exchange.

Question 4.
What is Income?
Answer:
Income is the amount of monetary or other returns, either earned or unearned, accruing over a period of time.

Question 5.
Give the meaning of the Inductive method.
Answer:
Induction is a process in logic facilitative or arriving at an inference, moving from particular to the general.

Question 6.
What are the kinds of goods?
Answer:

1. Consumer goods
2. Capital goods
3. Perishable goods
4. Durable goods

Part – C

Answer the following questions in One Paragraph

Question 1.
What are the four definitions of economics?
Answer:
Based on the particular stage of the growth of the subject of economics, the four definitions are presented here.

1. Smith’s wealth definition, representing the classical era.
2. Marshall’s welfare definition, representing the Neo-classical era.
3. Robbin’s scarcity definition representing the new age.
4. Samuelson’s growth definition representing the modern age.

Question 2.
Explain the steps of the deductive method?
Answer:
Steps of deductive method:

• Step 1: The analyst must have a clear and precise idea of the problem to be inquired into.
• Step 2: The analyst clearly defines the technical terms used in the analysis. Further, the assumptions of the theory are to be precise.
• Step 3: Deduce hypothesis from the assumptions taken.
• Step 4: Hypotheses should be verified through direct observation of events in the real world and through statistical methods. [e.g.] There exists an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded of a good.

Question 3.
Whether economics is an art or science? Explain.
Answer:
1. Economics as an art:
Art is the practical application of knowledge for achieving particular goals. Economics provides guidance to the solutions to all the economic problems.
A.C. Pigou, Alfred Marshall, and others regard economics as an art.

2. Economics as a science :
Science is a systematic study of knowledge. Science develops the co-relation between cause and effect based on facts.
Economics examines the relationship between the cause and effect of the problems. Hence, it is rightly considered as both an art and a science.

Question 4.
State the importance of microeconomics.
Answer:

1. To understand the operation of an economy.
2. To provide tools for economic policies.
3. To examine the condition of economic welfare.
4. Efficient utilization of resources.
5. Useful in international trade.
6. Useful in decision making.
7. Optimal resource allocation.
8. The basis for prediction.
9. Price determination.

Question 5.
What are the methods of economic analysis?
Answer:
There are two types of methods used in economics.
i. Deductive Method :

1. It is also named as an analytical or abstract method.
2. It is a process in logic facilitating or arriving at an inference, moving from general to particular.
3. It consists of deriving conclusions from general truths.

ii. Inductive method :
The inductive method is also called as empirical method. It involves the process of reasoning from particular facts to the general principles. In this method, economic generalizations are derived based on

1. Experimentations
2. Observations
3. Statistical methods

Alfred Marshall has rightly remarked “Inductive and Deductive methods are both needed for scientific thought as the right and left foot are both needed for walking”

Part – D

Answer the following questions in about a page

Question 1.
Explain the production possibility curve with a diagram.
The problem of choice between relatively scarce commodities can be illustrated with a help of a geometric device known as the production possibility curve.
Assumptions:
The analysis of the production possibility curve is based on certain assumptions :

1. The time period remains constant.
2. Techniques of production are fixed.
3. Only two goods can be produced from the given resources.
4. There is full employment in the economy.
5. Resources of production are fully mobile.
6. The factors of production are given in quantity and quality.
7. The law of diminishing returns operates in production.

Production possibility schedule:

Production Possibilities	Quantity of food production in tons	No. of car produced
I	0	25
II	100	23
III	200	20
IV	300	15
V	400	8
VI	500	0

Explanation :
The above schedule suggests that if all resources are used for food production a maximum of 500 tons of food can be produced, given the existing technology. Instead, if all resources are used for producing cars, 25 cars can be produced. In between these two extreme possibilities exist, if we are willing to give up some food, we can have some cars.

Diagram Explanation :

• The quantity of food is shown on the x-axis and the number of cars on the y-axis.
• Six different production possibilities P₁, P₂, P₃, P₄, P₅, P₆ are shown.
• Point outside the curve P cannot be attained due to limited resources.
• A point inside the curve P₇ can be attained but at these points, resources are not fully employed

Question 2.
What are the basic economic problems?
Answer:
Basic economics problems:

1. If resources are abundant and wants are so few, then there would be no economic problem.
2. But this situation can never exist.
3. Resources are always scarce and our wants are numerous.

Hence in every society, certain choices have to be made.

The Economic Problem:

1. Wants desires; unlimited
2. Resources: Scarce – Not freely available
3. Economic choice
4. Economics – How people use scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants.

What and how much to produce?

1. Every society must decide on what goods it will produce and how much of these it will produce.

In this process, the crucial decisions include:

1. Whether to produce more food, clothing, and housing or to have more luxury goods.
2. Whether to have more agricultural goods or to have industrial goods and services.
3. Whether to use more resources in education and health or to use more resources in military services.
4. Whether to have more consumption goods or to have investment goods.
5. Whether to spend more on basic education or higher education.

How to produce?

1. Every society has to decide whether it will use labor-intensive technology on capital-intensive technology; that is whether to use more labor and less more machines and vice versa.

For whom to produce?

1. Every society must also decide how its produce be distributed among the different sections of the society.
2. It must also decide who gets more and who gets less.
3. It should also decide whether or not a minimum amount of consumption be ensured for everyone in the society.
4. Due to the scarcity of resources, society faces the compulsion of making choices among alternatives.
5. It faces the problem of allocating the scarce resources to the production of different possible goods and services and of distributing the produced goods and services among individuals within the economy.

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Reading Note-Making and Summarizing, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Learn the Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Grammar to enhance your grammar skills like reading comprehension, passage writing, parts of speech, tenses, passive and active voice, and many other concepts in no time.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th English Reading Note-Making and Summarizing

Notes are short written record of facts to aid the memory. Notes are usually taken to record a speech or dictation while listening to it or after reading a book, magazine or article. They are referred back whenever needed and may be reproduced in the desired way.

The Necessity Of Note-Making

Knowledge is vast and unlimited, but our memory is limited. We cannot remember all the information all the time. Hence note-making is necessary. With the help of notes we can recall the entire information read/heard months ago. It is quite useful to students preparing for many subjects. At the time of examinations, it is not possible to go through voluminous books. At such critical times, notes are quite handy. Hence note-making fulfils three useful functions:
(i) It keeps a lot of information at our disposal for ready reference.
(ii) It helps us reconstruct what was said or written and thus accelerates the process of remembering/recall.
(iii) It comes in handy in delivering a speech, participation in a debate/discussion, writing an essay and revising lessons before an examination.

How Note-Making Helps Us

While making notes we do not simply read the passage/listen to speech but consider various points made by the writer/speaker and draw our own inferences about what is being presented. Thus note-making helps us in understanding the passage in a better way and organising our thoughts systematically.

Characteristics Of Good Notes

• Short and Compact: Good notes must be short and compact.
• Complete Information: They must contain all the important information.
• Logical: They must be presented in a logical way.
• Understandable: They should be understandable when consulted at a later stage.

Mechanics Of Note-Making

While making notes we follow certain standard practices. These may be listed as follows:
(a) Heading and Sub-headings
(b) Abbreviation and Symbols
(c) Note-form
(d) Numbering and Indentation

Heading And Sub-Headings
The heading reflects the main theme whereas the sub-headings point out how it has been developed. The selection of proper heading and sub-heading reveals the grasp of the passage by the students. In the absence of proper assimilation of main ideas and subsidiary points it is impossible to make notes.

Abbreviations And Symbols
They are used for precision and economy of words and hence quite helpful in note-making. At least four recognisable abbreviations are to be used in note-making in your board examination. These are essential components of note-making. Students often make use of abbreviations and symbols in doing their written work.

Solved Questions
Read the following passages carefully:

Passage 1
1. The conversation is indeed the most easily teachable of all arts. All you need to do in order to become a good conversationalist is to find a subject that interests you and your listeners. There are, for example, numberless hobbies to talk about. But the important thing is that you must talk about other fellow’s hobby rather than your own. Therein lies the secret of your popularity. Talk to your friends about the things that interest them, and you will get a reputation for good fellowship, charming wit, and a brilliant mind. There is nothing that pleases people so much as your interest in their interest.

2. It is just as important to know what subjects to avoid and what subjects to select for good conversation. If you don’t want to be set down as a wet blanket or a bore, be careful to avoid certain unpleasant subjects. Avoid talking about yourself, unless you are asked to do so. People are interested in their own problems, not in yours. Sickness or death bores everybody. The only one who willingly listens to such talk is the doctor, but he gets paid for it.

3. To be a good conversationalist you must know not only what to say, but how also to say it. Be mentally quick and witty. But don’t hurt others with your wit. Finally, try to avoid mannerisms in your conversation. Don’t bite your lips or click your tongue, or roll your eyes or use your hands excessively as you speak.

4. Don’t be like that Frenchman who said, “How can I talk if you hold my hand?”

Questions:
A. On the basis of your understanding of the above passage make notes on it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Give an appropriate title.
B. Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words.
Answers:
A. TITLE: The Art of Conversation NOTES:
1. Conv’n—most easily tch’ble art
(i) Reqd. interest’g subject – hobbies
(ii) Talk abt other fellow’s int./hobby
(iii) Win’g reptn. as good conversationalist
(a) good f ’ship
(b) charm’g wit
(c) brl. mind

2. Fit subs, for conversationalist
(i) What subs, to avoid/select?
(ii) Avoid unpl’nt subs.
(a) sickness
(b) death
(iii) Avoid talk’g abt self

3. Qualities A a good conversationalist
(i) What to say & how to say it
(ii) ment’y quick & witty
(iii) pleasant & unhurt’g
(iv) avoid mannerisms

Key to Abbreviations and Symbols used

• Conv’n – Conversation
• tch’ble – teachable
• Reqd. – Required
• interest’g – interesting
• abt – about
• int. – interest
• Win’g – Winning
• reptn. – reputation
• f’ship – friendship
• charm’g – charming
• brl. – brilliant
• subs. – subjects
• unpl’nt – unpleasant
• talk’g – talking
• A – of
• ment’y – mentally
• & – and
• unhurt’g – unhurting

B. Summary
Conversation is the easiest and the most effective tool than other arts. To have such attractive quality, you need to pick a subject that interests your listeners more than you. Talk to your friends on topics that can indulge your friends in the conversation for a longer period of time. Being a good conversationalist, you have to be quick and witty. You should have a pleasant and unhurting quality. Mannerism should be avoided.

Passage 2
1. A good business letter is one that gets results. The best way to get results is to develop a letter that, in its appearance, style and content, conveys information efficiently. To perform this function, a business letter should be concise, clear and courteous.

2. The business letter must be concise: don’t waste words. Little introduction or preliminary chat is necessary. Get to the point, make the point, and leave it. It is safe to assume that your letter is being read by a very busy person with all kinds of papers to deal with. Re-read and revise your message until the words and sentences you have used are precise. This takes time, but is a necessary part of a good business letter. A short business letter that makes its point quickly has much more impact on a reader than a long-winded, rambling exercise in creative writing. This does not mean that there is no place for style and even, on occasion, humour in the business letter. While it conveys a message in its contents, the letter also provides the reader with an impression of you, its author: the medium is part of the message.

3. The business letter must be clear. You should have a very firm idea of what you want to say, and you should let the reader know it. Use the structure of the letter—the paragraphs, topic sentences, introduction and conclusion—to guide the reader point by point from your thesis, through your reasoning, to your conclusion. Paragraph often, to break up the page and to lend an air of organisation to the letter. Use an accepted business-letter format. Re-read what you have written from the point of view of someone who is seeing it for the first time, and be sure that all explanations are adequate, all information provided (including reference numbers, dates, and other identification). A clear message, clearly delivered, is the essence of business communication.

4. The business letter must be courteous. Sarcasm and insults are ineffective and can often work against you. If you are sure you are right, point that out as politely as possible. Explain why you are right, and outline what the reader is expected to do about it. Another form of courtesy j is taking care in your writing and typing of the business letter. Grammatical and spelling errors (even if you call them typing errors) tell a reader that you don’t think enough of him or can > lower the reader’s opinion of your personality faster than anything you say, no matter how idiotic. There are excuses for ignorance; there are no excuses for sloppiness.

5. The business letter is your custom-made representative. It speaks for you and is a permanent record of your message. It can pay big dividends on the time you invest in giving it a concise message, a clear structure, and a courteous tone.

Questions:
A. On the basis of your understanding of the above passage make notes on it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Give an appropriate title.
B. Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words.
Answers:
A. TITLE: Writing a Business Letter
Notes:
1. Features of a gd. busns. letter
(i) conveys info efficiently to get results
(ii) is concise
(iii) is clear
(iv) is courteous

2. How to write a gd. busns. letter
(i) Making letter concise
(a) Intro shd be brief
(b) make ur pt in precise words and sent’s
(c) short letr more effective
(d) style is imp.—may ocasnly have hum’
(ii) Achieving clarity
(a) Have a clear idea of what you wish to say
(b) structr the letter—intro & conclsn.
(c) use accepted format; para, topic, sent’s
(d) check facts, expl’ns, refs.
(iii) Bejng courteous
(a) Expin. ur pt. politely—avoid sarcasm/insults.
(b) careful wrtg & typg.
(c) gram. & spel’g errors to be avoided

3. Importance of busns. letr
(i) a representative
(ii) permanent rec. message

Key to Abbreviations and Symbols used

• gd – good
• busns – business
• info – information
• shd – should
• letr – letter
• pt – point
• sent’s – sentences
• ur – your
• imp – important
• ocasnly – occasionally
• hum’r – humour
• & – and
• structr – structure
• intro – introduction
• conclsn – conclusion
• para – paragraphs
• expl’ns – explanations
• refs – references
• Expln – Explain
• wrtg – writing
• typg – typing
• gram – grammar
• spel’g – spelling
• rec – record

B. Summary
A good business letter is that lends you positive and quality results. To get such results, a business letter should be effective in appearance, style and content. Apart from this a letter should be concise, clear and courteous. The business letter should be to the point as the message can be clear to the reader with an impression of you. The structure of letter should have topic sentence, introduction, paragraphs to conclusion. Re-read the points you have written to avoid sarcasm and insults that can work against your motive. Further more grammar and spelling errors need to be avoided.

Students can Download Economics Chapter 2 National Income Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics Solutions Chapter 2 National Income

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics National Income Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Part – A

Multiple Choice Questions.

Question 1.
Net National product at factor cost is also known as –
(a) National Income
(b) Domestic Income
(c) Per capita Income
(d) Salary
Answer:
(a) National Income

Question 2.
Primary sector is –
(a) Industry
(b) Trade
(c) Agriculture
(d) Construction
Answer:
(c) Agriculture

Question 3.
National income is measured by using ………………. methods.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Five
(d) Four
Answer:
(b) Three

Question 4.
Income method is measured by summing up of all forms of –
(a) Revenue
(b) Taxes
(c) Expenditure
(d) Income
Answer:
(d) Income

Question 5.
Which is the largest figure?
(a) Disposable income
(b) Personal Income
(c) NNP
(d) GNP
Answer:
(d) GNP

Question 6.
Expenditure method is used to estimate national income in –
(a) Construction sector
(b) Agricultural Sector
(c) Service sector
(d) Banking sector
Answer:
(a) Construction sector

Question 7.
Tertiary sector is also called as ……………………….. sector.
(a) Service
(b) Income
(c) Industrial
(d) Production
Answer:
(a) Service

Question 8.
National income is a measure of the performance of an economy.
(a) Industrial
(b) Agricultural
(c) Economic
(d) Consumption
Answer:
(c) Economic

Question 9.
Per capita income is obtained by dividing the National income by –
(a) Production
(b) Population of a country
(c) Expenditure
(d) GNP
Answer:
(b) Population of a country

Question 10.
GNP = ……………………… + Net factor income from abroad.
(a) NNP
(b) NDP
(c) GDP
(d) Personal income
Answer:
(c) GDP

Question 11.
NNP stands for ………………………
(a) Net National Product
(b) National Net product
(c) National Net Provident
(d) Net National Provident
Answer:
(a) Net National Product

Question 12.
…………………… is deducted from gross value to get the net value.
(a) Income
(b) Depreciation
(c) Expenditure
(d) Value of final goods
Answer:
(b) Depreciation

Question 13.
The financial year in India is –
(a) April 1 to March 31
(b) March 1 to April 30
(c) March 1 to March 16
(d) January 1 to December 31
Answer:
(a) April 1 to March 31

Question 14.
When net factor income from abroad is deducted from NNP, the net value is –
(a) Gross National Product
(b) Disposable Income
(c) Net Domestic Product
(d) Personal Income
Answer:
(c) Net Domestic Product

Question 15.
The value of NNP at production point is called –
(a) NNP at factor cost
(b) NNP at market cost
(c) GNP at factor cost
(d) Per capita income
Answer:
(a) NNP at factor cost

Question 16.
The average income of the country is –
(a) Personal Income
(b) Per capita income
(c) Inflation Rate
(d) Disposal Income
Answer:
(b) Per capita income

Question 17.
The value of national income adjusted for inflation is called –
(a) Inflation Rate
(b) Disposal Income
(c) GNP
(d) Real national income
Answer:
(d) Real national income

Question 18.
Which is a flow concept?
(a) Number of shirts
(b) Total wealth
(c) Monthly income
(d) Money supply
Answer:
(c) Monthly income

Question 19.
PQLI is the indicator of –
(a) Economic growth
(b) Economic welfare
(c) Economic progress
(d) Economic development
Answer:
(b) Economic welfare

Question 20.
The largest proportion of national income comes from –
(a) Private sector
(b) Local sector
(c) Public sector
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Private sector

Part – B
Answer The Following Questions In One or Two Sentences.

Question 21.
Define National Income?
Answer:
National Income means the total money value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a particular period of time (one year).

Question 22.
Write the formula for calculating GNP?
Answer:
GNP at market prices means the gross value of final goods and services produced annually in a country plus net factor income from abroad
(C + I + G + (X – M) + (R – P)).

Question 23.
What is the difference between NNP and NDP?
Answer:
NNP:

1. NNP refers to the market value of output.
2. NNP at factor cost is the total of income payment made to factors of production.

NDP:

1. NDP is the value of net output of the economy during the year
2. The country’s capital equipment wears out of becomes outdated each year during the production process.

Question 24.
Trace the relationship between GNP and NNP?
Answer:
GNP:
1. Total money value of final goods and services produced in a country during a particular year (one year).

NNP:
1. Total money value of final goos and services produced in a country in a country during a particular year (one year).

Question 25.
What do you mean by the term ‘Personal Income’?
Answer:
Personal income is the total income received by the individuals of a country from all sources before payment of direct taxes in a year.

Question 26.
Define GDP deflator?
Answer:
GDP is the total market value of final goods and services produced within the country during a year. This is calculated at market prices and is known as GDP at market prices. Thus GDP by expenditure method at market prices = C + I + G + (X – M)
Where C – consumption goods;
I – Investment goods;
G – Government purchases;
(X – M) is net export which can be positive or negative.

Question 27.
Why is self consumption difficult in measuring national income?
Answer:

1. Farmers keep a large portion of food and other goods produced on the farm for self consumption.
2. The problem is whether that part of the produce which is not sold in the market can be included in national income or not.

Part – C
Answer The Following Questions In One Paragraph.

Question 28.
Write a short note on per capita income?
Answer:
Per Capita Income:

1. The average income of a person of a country in a particular year is called Per Capita Income.
2. Per capita income is obtained by dividing national income by population.

Question 29.
Differentiate between personal and disposable income?
Answer:
Personal income:
Personal income is the total income received by the individuals of a country from all sources before payment of direct taxes in a year.

Disposable income:
Disposable Income is also known as Disposable personal income. It is the individuals income after the payment of income tax. This is the amount available for households for consumption.

Question 30.
Explain briefly NNP at factor cost?
Answer:
Net National Product refers to the value of the net output of the economy during the year. NNP is obtained by deducting the value of depreciation, or replacement allowance of the capital assets from the GNP. It is expressed as, NNP = GNP – depreciation allowance.

Question 31.
Give short note on Expenditure method?
The Expenditure Method (Outlay method):
Answer:

1. The total expenditure incurred by the society in a particular year is added together.
2. To calculate the expenditure of a society, it includes personal consumption expenditure, net domestic investment, government expenditure on consumption as well as capital goods and net exports.

Question 32.
What is the solution to the problem of double counting in the estimation of national income?
Answer:

1. The value obtained is actually the GNP at market prices. Care must be taken to avoid double counting.
2. The value of the final product is derived by the summation of all the values added in the productive process.
3. To avoid double counting, either the value of the final output should be taken into the estimate of GNP or the sum of values added should be taken.
4. Double counting is to be avoided under value added method.
5. Any commodity which is either raw material or intermediate good for the final production should not be included.
6. For example, value of cotton enters value of yam as cost, and value of yam in cloth and
   that of cloth in garments.
7. At every stage value added only should be calculated.

Question 33.
Write briefly about national income and welfare?
Answer:
National Income and Welfare:
National Income is considered as an indicator of the economic wellbeing of a country. The per capita income as an index of economic welfare suffers from limitations which are stated below:

1. The economic welfare depends upon the composition of goods and services provided. The greater the proportion of capital goods over consumer goods, the improvement in economic welfare will be lesser.
2. Higher GDP with greater environmental hazards such as air, water and soil pollution will be little economic welfare.
3. The production of war goods will show the increase in national output but not welfare.
4. An increase in per capita income may be due to employment of women and children or forcing workers to work for long hours. But it will not promote economic welfare.

Question 34.
List out the uses of national income?
Answer:
The following are some of the concepts used in measuring national income?
GDP:

1. GDP is the total market value of final goods and services produced within the country during a year.
2. This is calculated at market prices and is known as GDP at market prices. Thus GDP by expenditure method at market

prices = C + I + G + (X-M)
Where C – Consumption goods;
I – Investment goods;
G – Government purchases;
(X – M) is net export which can be positive or negative.

Net National Product (NNP) (at Market price):

1. Net National Product refers to the value of the net output of the economy during the year.
2. NNP is obtained by deducting the value of depreciation, or replacement allowance of the capital assets from the GNP. It is expressed as,
3. NNP = GNP – depreciation allowance.

NNP at Factor cost:

1. NNP refers to the market value of output.
2. NNP at factor cost is the total of income payment made to factors of production.

Personal Income:

1. Personal income is the total income received by the individuals of a country’ from all sources before payment of direct taxes in a year.

Per Capita Income:

1. The average income of a person of a country in a particular year is called Per Capita Income.
2. Per capita income is obtained by dividing national income by population.

Disposable Income:

1. Disposable Income is also known as Disposable personal income.
2. It is the individuals income after the payment of income tax.
3. This is the amount available for households for consumption.

Real Income:

1. Nominal income is national income expressed in terms of a general price level of a particular year in other words, real income is the buying power of nominal income.

GDP deflator:

1. GDP deflator is an index of price changes of goods and services included in GDP.
2. It is a price index which is calculated by dividing the nominal GDP in a given year by the real GDP for the same year and multiplying it by 100.

Part – D
Answer The Following Questions In One Page.

Question 35.
Explain the importance of national income
Importance of National Income Analysis
Answer:
National income is of great importance for the economy of a country. Nowadays the national income is regarded as accounts of the economy, which are known as social accounts. It enables us:
1. To know the relative importance of the various sectors of the economy and their contribution towards national income; from the calculation of national income, we could find how income is produced, how it is distributed, how much is spent, saved or taxed.

2. To formulate the national policies such as monetary policy, fiscal policy and other policies; the proper measures can be adopted to bring the economy to the right path with the help of collecting national income data.

3. To formulate planning and evaluate plan progress; it is essential that the data pertaining to a country’s gross income, output, saving and consumption from different sources should be available for economic planning.

4. To build economic models both in short – run and long – run.

5. To make international comparison, inter – regional comparison and inter – temporal comparison of growth of the economy during different periods.

6. To know a country’s per capita income which reflects the economic welfare of the country (Provided income is equally distributed)

7. To know the distribution of income for various factors of production in the country.

8. To arrive at many macro economic variables namely, Tax – GDP ratio, Current Account Deficit – GDP ratio, Fiscal Deficit – GDP ratio, Debt – GDP ratio etc.

Question 36.
Discuss the various methods of estimating the national income of a country?
Answer:
There are three methods that are used to measure national income.

1. Production or value added method
2. Income method or factor earning method
3. Expenditure method

And if these methods are done correctly, the following equation must hold
Output = Income = Expenditure
This is because the three methods are circular in nature. It begins as production, through recruitments of factors of production, generating income and going as incomes to factors of production.

Product Method:
Product method measures the output of the country. It is also called inventory method. Under this method, the gross value of output from different sectors like agriculture, industry, trade and commerce, etc., is obtained for the entire economy during a year. The value obtained is actually the GNP at market prices. Care must be taken to avoid double counting.

Income Method (Factor Earning Method):
This method approaches national income from the distribution side. Under this method, national income is calculated by adding up all the incomes generated in the course of producing national product.
National income is calculated as domestic factor income plus net factor incomes from abroad. In short,
Y = w + r + i + π + (R – P)
w = wages, r = rent, i = interest, n = profits,
This method is adopted for estimating the contributions of the remaining sectors, viz., small enterprises, banking and insurance, commerce and transport, professions, liberal arts and domestic service, public authorities, house property and foreign sector transaction.

The Expenditure Method (Outlay method): \
The total expenditure incurred by the society in a particular year is added together. To calculate the expenditure of a society, it includes personal consumption expenditure, net domestic investment, government expenditure on • consumption as well as capital goods and net exports. Symbolically,
GNP = C + I + G + (X – M)
C – Private consumption expenditure
I – Private Investment Expenditure
G – Government expenditure
X – M = Net exports

Question 37.
What are the difficulties involved in the measurement of national income?
Answer:
Difficulties in Measuring National Income:

1. In India, a special conceptual problem is posed by the existence of a large, unorganised and non-monetised subsistence sector where the barter system still prevails for transacting goods and services.
2. Here, a proper valuation of output is very difficult.

Transfer payments:

1. Government makes payments in the form of pensions, unemployment allowance, subsidies, etc. These are government expenditure.
2. But they are not included in the national income.
3. Because they are paid without adding anything to the production processes.
4. During a year, Interest on national debt is also considered transfer payments because it is paid by the government to individuals and firms on their past savings without any productive work.

Difficulties in assessing depreciation allowance:

1. The deduction of depreciation allowances, accidental damages, repair and replacement charges from the national income is not an easy task.
2. It requires high degree of judgment to assess the depreciation allowance and other charges.
   Unpaid services:
3. A housewife renders a number of useful services like preparation of meals, serving, tailoring, mending, washing, cleaning, bringing up children, etc.
4. She is not paid for them and her services are not directly included in national income.

Income from illegal activities:

1. Income earned through illegal activities like gambling, smuggling, illicit extraction of liquor, etc., is not included in national income.
2. Such activities have value and satisfy the wants of the people but they are not considered as productive from the point of view of society.

Production for self-consumption and changing price:

1. Farmers keep a large portion of food and other goods produced on the farm for self consumption.
2. The problem is whether that part of the produce which is not sold in the market can be included in national income or not.

Capital Gains:

1. The problem also arises with regard to capital gains.
2. Capital gains arise when a capital asset such as a house, other property, stocks or shares, etc. is sold at higher price than was paid for it at the time of purchase.
3. Capital gains are excluded from national income.

Statistical problems:

1. There are statistical problems, too. Great care is required to avoid double counting. Statistical data may not be perfectly reliable, when they are compiled from numerous sources.
2. Skill and efficiency of the statistical staff and cooperation of people at large are also equally important in estimating national income.

Question 38.
Discuss the importance of social accounting in economic analysis?
Answer:
National Income and Social Accounting:

1. National income is also being measured by the social accounting method.
2. Under this method, the transactions among various sectors such as firms, households, government, etc., are recorded and their interrelationships traced.
3. The social accounting framework is useful for economists as well as policy makers, because it represents the major economic flows and statistical relationships among various sectors of the economic system.
4. It becomes possible to forecast the trends of economy more accurately.

Social Accounting and Sector:

1. Under this method, the economy is divided into several sectors.
2. A sector is a group of individuals or institutions having common interrelated economic transactions.
3. The economy is divided into the following sectors:
   1. Firms
   2. Households
   3. Government
   4. Rest of the world and
   5. Capital sector.
4. “Firms” undertake productive activities. Thus, they are all organizations which employ the factors of production to produce goods and services.
5. “Households” are consuming entities and represent the factors of production, who receive payment for services rendered by them to firms. Households consume the goods and services that are produced by the firms.
6. “The Government sector” refers to the economic transactions of public bodies at all levels, centre, state and local.
7. The main function of the government is to provide social goods like defence, public health, education, etc.
8. “Rest of the world sector” relates to international economic transactions of the country. It contains income, export and import transactions, external loan transaction, and allied overseas investment income and payments.
9. “Capital sector” refers to saving and investment activities. It includes the transactions of banks, insurance corporations, financial houses, and other agencies of the money market.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Economics National Income Additional Questions

Part – A
I. Multiple Choice Questions.

Question 1.
Who first introduced the concept of national Income?
Answer:
(a) Simon Kuznets
(b) Karl Marx
(c) Marshall
(d) Adam Smith
Answer:
(a) Simon Kuznets

Question 2.
………………. is the total market value of final goods and services produced with in the country during a year?
(a) GNP
(b) NDP
(c) GDP
(d) NNP
Answer:
(c) GDP

Question 3.
……………………. is also known as Disposable Personal Income?
(a) Personal Income
(b) Disposable Income
(c) Consumer Income
(d) Product Income
Answer:
(b) Disposable Income

Question 4.
………………………. is great importance for the economy of a country?
(a) Personal Income
(b) National Income
(c) Industry Income
(d) Village Income
Answer:
(b) National Income

Question 5.
…………………….. helps to build economic models both in short run and long run?
(a) National Income
(b) Personal Income
(c) Per Capita Income
(d) State Income
Answer:
(a) National Income

Question 6.
……………….. Sector refer to Saving and Investment activities?
(a) Government
(b) World
(c) Capital
(d) Accounting
Answer:
(c) Capital

Question 7.
The Economy is divided into the ………………….. sectors?
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer:
(d) five

Question 8.
…………………….. is considered as a better Indicator of economic welfare?
(a) PQLI
(b) NNP
(c) GDP
(d) NNP
Answer:
(a) PQLI

Question 9.
……………………. means the total money value of all final goods and services produced in a country?
(a) Personal Income
(b) Disposable Income
(c) National Income
(d) Per Capita Income
Answer:
(c) National Income

Question 10.
While assessing sectoral contribution to GDP, the economy is Sectors?
(a) two
(b) three
(c) four
(d) five
Answer:
(b) three

Question 11.
The growth of an economy is indicated by an –
(a) increase in general price level
(b) increase in National Income
(c) increase in contribution of agriculture
(d) increase in Investment
Answer:
(b) increase in National Income

Question 12.
Per Capital Income of an economy can be established by –
(a) Dividing GDP by population
(b) dividing GNP by population
(c) multiplying GNP by population
(d) Multiplying GDP by population
Answer:
(b) dividing GNP by population

Question 13.
Write the Four Sector Model of National Income?
(а) Y = C + I + G + (X – M)
(b) Y = C + I + G + X
(c) Y = C + I + G + M
(d) Y – C + I + G (M – X)
Answer:
(а) Y = C + I + G + (X – M)

Question 14.
Which includes profits earned from Capital Invested abroad?
(a) GNP
(b) GDP
(c) NNP
(d) NDP
Answer:
(a) GNP

Question 15.
Write two components of National Income?
(a) Consumers and producers
(b) Consumers and Industries
(c) Consumers and agricultures
(d) Agricultures and Industries
Answer:
(a) Consumers and producers

Question 16.
The country’s economic performance has been measured by Indicators of –
(a) per Capita Income
(b) national Income
(c) per People’s Income
(d) state Income
Answer:
(b) national Income

Question 17.
NNP is arrived by deducting value of depreciation from –
(a) NDP
(b) GDP
(c) GNP
(d) NNP
Answer:
(c) GNP

Question 18.
Income Method of National Income is the side of our National Income?
(a) Production
(b) Agriculture
(c) Income
(d) Distribution
Answer:
(d) Distribution

Question 19.
The difference between NNP and NDP is –
(a) net Factor Income from abroad
(b) depreciation
(c) current transfer
(d) direct taxes
Answer:
(a) net Factor Income from abroad

Question 20.
In …………………… method, the measures of GDP?
(a) Income
(b) Expenditure
(c) Product
(d) Capital
Answer:
(c) Product

Question 21.
………………… is measure of Income flow from production.
(a) Per Capita Income
(b) National Income
(c) Personal Income
(d) Income method
Answer:
(b) National Income

Question 22.
In estimating national Income, Net value added method is also known as –
(a) income Method
(b) expenditure Method
(c) product Method
(d) investment Method
Answer:
(c) product Method

Question 23.
National Income as commonly understood by everyone refers to –
(a) GNP
(b) GDP
(c) NDP
(d) NNP
Answer:
(d) NNP

Question 24.
Economic growth is determined by changes in ……………………… National income of the country.
(a) Real
(b) Total
(c) True
(d) GDP
Answer:
(c) True

Question 25.
GDP is measure of an economy’s total ………………………..
(a) inflation
(b) deflation
(c) product
(d) output
Answer:
(d) output

II. Match the following and choose the correct answer by using codes given below:

Question 1.
A. Nominal Income – (i) Facrtor earninig method
B. Production – (ii) National Income
C. Income Method – (iii) Final value of goods
D. Expenditure Method – (iv) Value added method
Codes:
(a) A (ii) B (iv) C (i) D (iii)
(b) A (iii) B(ii) C (iv) D (i)
(c) A (ii) B (iv) C (iii) D (i)
(d) A (iv) B (iii) C (i) D (ii)
Answer:
(a) A (ii) B (iv) C (i) D (iii)

Question 2.
A. GDP – (i) NNP
B. Net Income Abroad – (ii) Foreign trade excluded
C. GNP – Depreciation – (iii) X – M
D. Net National Product – (iv) GNP – Depreciation
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (ii) B (iii) C (i) D (iv)
(c) A (iv) B (i) C (ii) D (iii)
(d) A (iii) B (ii) C (iv) D (i)
Answer:
(b) A (ii) B (iii) C (i) D (iv)

Question 3.
A. Per Capita Income – (i) Half of our National Income
B. Purchasing power of Income – (ii) C + I + G + (X – M)
C. Service Sector – (iii) Standard of Living
D. Expenditure method – (iv) National Income
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(b) A (iv) B (iii) C (i) D (ii)
(c) A (ii) B (i) C (iii) D (iv)
(d) A (iii) B (iv) C (i) D (ii)
Answer:
(d) A (iii) B (iv) C (i) D (ii)

Question 4.
A. Labour Income – (i) Profit and Interest
B. Capital Income – (ii) Domestic Factor Income
C. Mixed Income – (iii) Wages and Salaries
D. National Income – (iv) Farming, Sole proprietorship
Codes:
(a) A (i) B (ii) C (iv) D (iv)
(b) A (i) B (iii) C (ii) D (i)
(c) A (iii) B (i) C (iv) D (ii)
(d) A (iv) B (ii) C (ii) D (iii)
Answer:
(c) A (iii) B (i) C (iv) D (ii)

Question 5.
A. Income Method – (i) Outlay Method
B. Expenditure Method – (ii) Y = w + r + π + 7t + (R – P)
C. Income Method – (iii) GNP = C + I + G + (X-M)
D. Expenditure Method – (iv) Factor Earning Method
Codes:
(a) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)
(b) A (i) B (ii) C (iii) D (iv)
(c) A (iii) B (ii) C (i) D (iv)
(d) A (i) B (iv) C (iii) D (ii)
Answer:
(a) A (ii) B (i) C (iv) D (iii)

III. State whether the statements are true or false.

Question 1.
(i) Net Factor Income earned abroad is always positive.
(ii) Per Capita Income is influenced vastly by population growth.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true

Question 2.
(i) Income Method estimates National Income from the production side.
(ii) The value added method is also known as output method.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (0 and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true

Question 3.
(i) National Income at current prices is vastly influenced by a rise in general price levels.
(ii) Percentage share of agriculture sector in the national income is increasing.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false

Question 4.
(i) GNP is Crude Indicator for living standard.
(ii) The non – resident Indian income will be added to GDP to arrive at our GNP.

(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true

Question 5.
(i) Secondary Sector is Agriculture.
(ii) Tertiary Sector is Industry.
(a) Both (i) and (ii) are true
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false
(c) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(d) (i) is false but (ii) is true
Answer:
(b) Both (i) and (ii) are false

IV. Which of the following is correctly matched:

Question 1.
(a) Disposable Income – Gross National Product
(b) Three Method – Domestic Income
(c) Parallel Economy – Industries
(d) Transfer Earnings – Medical payments
Answer:
(a) Disposable Income – Gross National Product

Question 2.
(a) National Income – Employment
(b) GDP Indicates – Productive capacity
(c) Output = Income = – Price
(d) Primary Sector – Banking
Answer:
(b) GDP Indicates – Productive capacity

Question 3.
(a) Expenditure Method – Per Capita Income
(b) Product Method – Self consumption
(c) Income Method – Factor Earning Method
(d) Revenue Method – Outlay Method
Answer:
(c) Income Method – Factor Earning Method

Question 4.
(a) Labour Income – Farming, Sole proprietorship
(b) Capital Income – Profit, Interest, Dividend & Royalty
(c) Mixed Income – Domestic Factor Income
(d) National Income – Wages and Salaries
Answer:
(b) Capital Income – Profit, Interest, Dividend & Royalty

Question 5.
(a) PQLI – Physical Quantity of Life Index
(b) PQLI – Personal Quantity of Life Index
(c) PQLI – Personal Quality of Life Index
(d) PQLI – Physical Quality of Life Index
Answer:
(d) PQLI – Physical Quality of Life Index

V. Which of the following is not correctly matched:

Question 1.
(a) Simon Kuznets introduced – National Income
(b) Illegal activities are – Gambling and Smuggling
(c) Product Method, the measures – GDP
(d) Income Method – Expenditure Method
Answer:
(a) Income Method – Expenditure Method

Question 2.
(a) Disposable Income – Disposable Personal Income
(b) Per Capita Income – The average income of a person
(c) Real Income – Production
(d) Nominal Income – National Income
Answer:
(c) Real Income – Production

Question 3.
(a) Product Method – Inventory Method
(b) Income Method – Factor Earning Method
(c) Expenditure Method – Outlay Method
(d) Value added Method – Transfer Payments
Answer:
(d) Value added Method – Transfer Payments

Question 4.
(a) Two Sector Model – Households, firms
(b) Four Sector Economy – Foreign Earning Method
(c) Four Sector Model – outlay Method
(d) Major Problem – Transfer Payments
Answer:
(a) Two Sector Model – Households, firms

Question 5.
(a) Transfer payments – Pensions, unemployement
(b) Unpaid services – House Wife
(c) Illegal activities – Smuggling
(d) The Government Sector – Private Enterprises
Answer:
(d) The Government Sector – Private Enterprises

VI. Pick the odd one out.

Question 1.
The concepts used in Measuring National Income?
(a) GDP
(b) NNP
(c) NNP at factor cost
(d) Personal Expenditure
Answer:
(d) Personal Expenditure

Question 2.
GNP – Includes these types of final goods and services?
(a) Consumption
(b) Investment
(c) Government
(d) Capital
Answer:
(d) Capital

Question 3.
The Expenditure Method precautions are –
(a) Second hand goods should not be included
(b) Purchase of shares and bonds are not be included
(c) Transfer payments of old age pension added
(d) Avoid double counting
Answer:
(c) Transfer payments of old age pension added

Question 4.
The Economy is divided into the following sectors –
(a) Investment Sector
(b) Firms
(c) Households
(d) Government Sector
Answer:
(a) Investment Sector

Question 5.
Dispsoable Income is the individuals Income after the payment of Income tax?
(a) Disposable Income = Personal Income – Direct tax
(b) Disposable Income = Consumption + Saving
(c) Disposable Income = Agriculture + Industry
(d) Disposable Income = Individual Income + Income Tax
Answer:
(c) Disposable Income = Agriculture + Industry

VII. Assertion and Reason.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): National Income is a measure of the total value of the goods and services produced in an economy for a year.
Reason (R): GNP – is the total value of output produced and income received in a year by domestic residence of a country.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false (id) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’

Question 2.
Assertion (A): Product method measures the output of the country.
Reason (R): Product method measures the agriculture field only.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is – true but ‘R’ is false

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Deflation is the common feature in almost all the economies.
Reason (R): Inflation is the common feature in almost all the economies.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true

Question 4.
Assertion (A): The Income method is called Factor Earning Method.
Reason (R): This method approaches National Income from the distribution side.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’

Question 5.
Assertion (A): The Expenditure method is called outlay method.
Reason (R): This method is used only private sector.

(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the correct explanation to ‘A’
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not the correct explanation to ‘A’
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true
Answer:
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false

Part – B
Answer The Following Questions In One or Two Sentences.

Question 1.
Write the Factor Incomes group?
Answer:
Factor incomes are grouped under labour income, capital income and mixed income.

1. Labour income – Wages and salaries, fringe benefits, employer’s contribution to social security.
2. Capital income – Profit, interest, dividend and royalty
3. Mixed income – Farming, sole proprietorship and other professions.

Question 2.
Write the headlines of difficulties in Measuring National Income?
Answer:
Difficulties in Measuring National Income:

1. Transfer payments:
2. Difficulties in assessing depreciation allowance:
3. Unpaid services:
4. Income from illegal activities:
5. Production for self-consumption and changing price:
6. Capital Gains:
7. Statistical problems

Question 3.
Define “Capital Gains”?
Answer:
The problem also arises with regard to capital gains. Capital gains arise when a capital asset such as a house, other property, stocks or shares, etc. is sold at higher price than was paid for it at the time of purchase. Capital gains are excluded from national income.

Question 4.
Define “Social and Environmental Cost”?
Answer:
Social and Environmental Cost: While producing economic goods, many environmental and social bads are also generated. Hence, they also must be considered while enumerating National income.

Question 5.
Define “National Income & Erosion of National Wealth”?
Answer:
For achieving higher GDP, larger natural resources are being depleted or damaged. This means reduction of potential for future growth. Hence, it is suggested that while assessing national income, loss of natural resources should be subtracted from national income.

Part – C
Answer The Following Questions In One Paragraph.

Question 1.
Write the statistical problems?
Answer:
The following are the some of the statistical problems:

1. Accurate and reliable data are not adequate, as farm output in the subsistence sector is not completely informed. In animal husbandry, there are no authentic production data available.
2. Different languages, customs, etc., also create problems in computing estimates.
3. People in India are indifferent to the official inquiries. They are in most cases non – cooperative also.
4. Most of the statistical staff are untrained and inefficient.

Question 2.
Discuss the estimating the national income through the Income Method precautions?
Answer:

1. Transfer payments are not to be included in estimation of national income as these payments are not received for any services provided in the current year such as pension, social insurance etc.
2. The receipts from the sale of second hand goods should not be treated as part of national income as they do not create new flow of goods or services in the current year.
3. Windfall gains such as lotteries are also not to be included as they do not represent receipts from any current productive activity.
4. Corporate profit tax should not be separately included as it has been already included as a part of company profit.

Question 3.
What is Market price and Equations?
Answer:

Part – D
Answer The Following Questions In One Page.

Question 1.
Write the gross value of the farm output in India?
Answer:
In India, the gross value of the farm output is obtained as follows:

1. Total production of 64 agriculture commodities is estimated. The output of each crop is measured by multiplying the area sown by the average yield per hectare.
2. The total output of each commodity is valued at market prices.
3. The aggregate value of total output of these 64 commodities is taken to measure the gross value of agricultural output.
4. The net value of the agricultural output is measured by making deductions for the cost of seed, manures and fertilisers, market charges, repairs and depreciation from the gross value.

Question 2.
Explain the Expenditure Method (Outlay Method) precautions?
Answer:
Precautions:

1. Second hand goods:
   The expenditure made on second hand goods should not be included.
2. Purchase of shares and bonds:
   Expenditures on purchase of old shares and bonds in the secondary market should not be included.
3. Transfer payments:
   Expenditures towards payment incurred by the government like old age pension should not be included.
4. Expenditure on intermediate goods:
   Expenditure on seeds and fertilizers by farmers, cotton and yam by textile industries are not to be included to avoid double counting. That is only expenditure on final products are to be included.

Question 3.
Explain the Importance of Factor Cost?
Answer:

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Blended Words, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Blended Words

advertisement and editorial	advertorial
alphabetic and numeric	alphanumeric
American and Indian	Amerind
appropriate and acronym	aptronym
botulism and toxin	botox
binary and digit	bit
biology and electronic	bionic
Bombay and Hollywood	Bollywood
Britain and exit	Brexit
brain and maniac	brainiac
breakfast and lunch	brunch
breath and analyzer	breathalyzer
cellulose and diaphane	define
chuckle and snort	chortle
coder and decoder	codec
Cybernetic and organism	cyborg
camera and recorder	camcorder
car and hijack	carjack
chill and relax	chillax
Chinese and English	Cfcmgfisto
chocolate and alcoholic	chocoholic
cinema and complex	cineplex
costume and play	cosplay
crazy and drunk	can
documentary and drama	docudrama
dumb and confound	dumbfound
dance and exercise	exercise
drama and comedy	dramedy
electricity and execute	electrocute
education and entertainment	edutainment
electronic and mail	email
emotion and icon	emoticon
endogenous and morphine	endorphin
fact and fiction	faction           ‘
fanatic and magazine	fanzine
flimsy and miserable	mimsy
free and software	freeware
fantastic and fabulous	fantabulous
flame and glare	flare
foreign and exchange	forex
friend and enemy	frenemy
global and English	Globish
giant and enormous	Ginormous
glamorous and camping	glamping
glamour and Ritz	glitz
guess and estimate	guesstimate
hazardous and material	hazmat
huge and monstrous	humongous
hungry and anger	hanger
internal and communication	intercom
international and network	internet
information and commercial	infomercial
keyboard and guitar	keytar
lion and tiger	liger
lithe and slimy	slithy
labrador and poodle	labradoodle
malicious and software	malware
mass and prestige	masstige
melody and drama	melodrama
motor and hotel	motel
marionette and puppet	muppet
man and explaining	mansplaining
man and purse	murse
mechanics and electronics	mechatronics
melt and weld	meld
metropolitan and heterosexual	metrosexual
mock and cocktail	mocktail
modulator and demodulator	modem
motor and cavalcade	motorcade
news and broadcast	newscast
Nigeria and Hollywood	Nollywood
Oxford and Cambridge	Oxbridge
parachute and troop	paratrooper
picture and element	pixel
pulsating and star	pulsar
porter (to carry) and manteau (a cloak)	portmanteau
sex and exploitation	sexploitation
sheep and people	sheeple
situation and comedy	sitcom
skirt and short	skort
smack and mash	smash
sound and landscape	soundscape
Sensitive and Index	Sensex
spoon and fork	spork
squirm and wiggle	squiggle
stay and vacation	staycation
television and marathon	telethon
television and evangelist	televangelist
tomato and tobacco	tomacco
transfer and resistor	transistor
video and blog	vlog
vital and amine	vitamin
web and seminar	webinar
web and log	blog
worker and alcoholic	workaholic

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Vocabulary Compound Words

Question 1.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “sun’”,
(a) right
(b) rays
(c) writes
(d) weight
Answer:
(b) rays

Question 2.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “wise”.
(a) anti
(b) march
(c) clock
(d) week
Answer:
(c) clock

Question 3.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “pole”.
(a) stad
(b) mary
(c) planet
(d) star
Answer:
(d) star

Question 4.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “light”,
(a) river
(b) sing
(c) lime
(d) lemon
Answer:
(c) lime

Question 5.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “drop”.
(a) heave
(b) mock
(c) eaves
(d) out
Answer:
(c) eaves

Question 6.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “out”,
(a) in
(b) wipe
(c) weather
(d) hind
Answer:
(b) wipe

Question 7.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “ring”.
(a) ear
(b) life
(c) noise
(d) loose
Answer:
(a) ear

Question 8.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “cut”.
(a) write
(b) right
(c) hair
(d) in
Answer:
(c) hair

Question 9.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “glass”.
(a) top
(b) style
(c) sock
(d) life
Answer:
(a) top

Question 10.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “ship”,
(a) boat
(b) hill
(c) brother
(d) friend
Answer:
(d) friend

Question 11.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “mate”.
(a) broom
(b) moor
(c) room
(d) mart
Answer:
(c) room

Question 12.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “up”.
(a) living
(b) doing
(c) movie
(d) coming
Answer:
(d) coming

Question 13.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “room”.
(a) wash
(b) white
(c) blue
(d) big
Answer:
(a) wash

Question 14.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “up”.
(a) knot
(b) way
(c) hill
(d) rill
Answer:
(c) hill

Question 15.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “stairs”.
(a) to
(b) me
(c) do
(d) up
Answer:
(d) up

Question 16.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “box”.
(a) black
(b) brown
(c) red
(d) blue
Answer:
(a) black

Question 17.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “boat”.
(a) fish
(b) white
(c) ride
(d) peddle
Answer:
(c) ride

Question 18.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “lace”.
(a) dress
(b) car
(c) shoe
(d) cap
Answer:
(c) shoe

Question 19.
Geese tie word from the options given to form a compound word with “cake”.
(a) sun
(b) tan
(c) can
(d) pan
Answer:
(d) pan

Question 20.
Choose the word Sera the options given to tot a compound word with “brush”.
(a) eye
(b) tooth
(c) toe
(d) knee
Answer:
(b) tooth

Question 21.
Choose the word from the options given to form a compound word with “dream”.
(a) right
(b) night
(c) day
(d) dry
Answer:
(c) day

Question 22.
choose the word from the options given to ton a compound word with “Crime”.
(a) anti
(b) branch
(c) clock
(d) week
Answer:
(b) branch

Question 23.
Choose the word than the options given to ton a compound word with ‘‘milk”.
(a) life
(b) tan
(c) planet
(d) star
Answer:
(a) life

Question 24.
choose the word from the options given to ton an emptied word with “Me”.
(a) save
(b) race
(c) lite
(d) time
Answer:
(d) time

Question 25.
choose the word from the options given to for a compound word with “open”.
(a) open-air
(b) trash
(c) can
(d) dose
Answer:
(a) open-air

Some Common Compound Words

Noun + Noun – Compound Word
bed + room – bedroom
water + tank – water tank
printer + cartridge – printer cartridge
took + case – bookcase
hack + stage – backstage
sea + shore – seashore
north + east – northeast
water + melon – watermelon
news + paper – newspaper
bank + book – bankbook
foot + hill – foothill
silk + worm – silkworm
money + market – money market
picture + book – picture book
black + board – blackboard
father + land – fatherland

fire + arm – firearm
week + night – weeknight
school + book – school book
horse + hair – horsehair
sheep + skin – sheepskin
dog + wood – dogwood
thunder + storm – thunderstorm
time + limit – timelimit
post + man postman
moon + light – moonlight
tax + payer – taxpayer
time + table – timetable
engine + driver – engine driver
blue + whale – blue whale
servant + maid – servant maid
hand + bag – handbag
field + trip – field trip
foot + notes – footnotes

ice + cream – ice cream
class + room – classroom
honey + bee – honey bee
bee + hive – beehive
lottery + ticket – lottery ticket
rail + road – railroad
ink + bottle – ink bottle
cricket + ball – cricket bail
life + boat – life boat
birth + day – birthday
gas + stove – gas stove
gate + way – gateway
fun + time – funtime
book + shop – book shop
college + bus – college bus
rabbit + hole – rabbit hole
river + bank – riverbank
class + mate – classmate

Noun + Verb – Compound Word
cat + walk – catwalk
bell + hop – bellhop
hand + made – handmade
team + work – teamwork
sun + bathe – sunbathe
water + fall – waterfall
tooth + brush – toothbrush
hair + cut – haircut
head + ache – headache
car + wash – car wash
heart + bum – heartburn
tongue + slip – tongue slip
time + line – timeline
sun + set – sunset
bus + stop – bus stop
bee + sting – bee sting
earth + quake – earthquake
telephone + call – telephone call

type + write – typewrite
Noun + Verb – Compound Word
night + fall – nightfall
brain + wash – brainwash
car + go – cargo
eye + catching – eye catching
fire + fighter – firefighter
glass + making – glassmaking
horse + fly – horsefly
rain + fall – rainfall
day + break – daybreak
snow + drop – snowdrop
air + dash – air dash
book + mark – bookmark
monthly + pay – monthly pay
tooth + ache – toothache
cloud + burst – cloud burst
house + arrest – house arrest
blood + shed – bloodshed
back + bite – backbite
brow + beat – browbeat

Noun + Adjective – Compound Word
force + full – force full
bad + tempered – bad tempered
down + ward – downward
harm + less – harmless
care + full – careful
beauty + full – beautiful
grate + full – grateful
milk + white – milk white
dead + slow – dead slow
picture + perfect – picture perfect
home + sick – homesick
accident + prone – accident prone
red + hot – red – hot
mercy + less – merciless
snow + white – snow white
age + less – ageless
round + about – roundabout