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Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 Mother’s Voice

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 Mother’s Voice

Mother’s Voice Supplementary In English

Mother’s Voice Warm Up:

If you are given an opportunity to go on a one-way trip to Mars, will you accept it? Discuss.
If given an opportunity to go on a one-way trip to Mars, I will not take it up since I am basically a timid person. When I am so frightened to travel by airplane, how will I travel to outer space!

Mother’s Voice Textual Questions

A. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Mother was excited because __________.
(a) her son would be home in the spring
(b) her son was coming back to earth
(c) it was her first visit to the moon
(d) her son was going to another galaxy
Answer:
(c) it was her first visit to the moon

Question 2.
On weekdays, as Mother went about the chores __________.
(a) she constantly thought of her son
(b) she was always tired
(c) her singing would be soft and almost inaudible
(d) her singing was muted and a little sad
Answer:
(d) her singing was muted and a little sad

Question 3.
__________ occupies more than a hundred square kilometers on the moon.
(a) Selenopolis
(b) Metropolis
(c) Astrodrome
(d) Orchards
Answer:
(a) Selenopolis

Question 4.
The Community of Nations Square is where people __________.
(a) live on the moon
(b) work on the moon.
(c) walk on the moon
(d) of different nationalities come after work
Answer:
(d) of different nationalities come after work

Question 5.
They are planning an expedition to a neighbouring __________.
(a) galaxy
(b) country
(c) planet
(d) star
Answer:
(a) galaxy

Question 6.
The mother was not able to understand why people wanted to leave the moon because __________.
(a) it was better to remain as a part of solar-system
(b) it was better to remain on the earth
(c) it was not possible to come back
(d) it was a place to enjoy life
Answer:
(a) it was better to remain as a part of the solar system.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
The mother wanted to know if her son would come during ………………. .
(a) Summer
(b) Autumn
(c) Winter
(d) Spring
Answer:
(b) Autumn

Question 2.
His mother looked at the enormous lily-shaped tent over a ……………….. .
(a) Plate
(b) crater
(c) sheet of ice
(d) galaxy
Answer:
(b) crater

Question 3.
His mom preferred River ……………………… than Selenopolis.
(a) Dnieper
(b) Pluto
(c) Ganges
(d) Miami
Answer:
(a) Dnieper

Question 4.
Since the pond is deepend, there will be a lot of …………….. .
(a) fresh water
(b) moss
(c) mosquitoes
(d) fish
Answer:
(d) fish

Question 5.
The spaceships on the moon were readied for ……………….. .
(a) the scientists to travel.
(b) an expedition to the nearby galaxy
(c) the school students to explore
(d) a voyage around’ the moon.
Answer:
(b) an expedition to the nearby galaxy

B. Identify the character or speaker of the following lines.

  1. It’s so easy to walk here, son!
  2. They’re planning an expedition to a neighboring galaxy.
  3. Why should people go off into the unknown?
  4. I don’t know when we’ll see each other again.
  5. Operator on duty, ………. report to the office.

Answers:

  1. Mother
  2. Son
  3. Mother
  4. Son
  5. A voice from the loud Speaker

Additional Questions:

Identify the character or speaker of the following lines.

Astronaut’s Mom to Son:

  1. I never realized it was such a beautiful place.
  2. Back home the orchards are in bloom.
  3. Will you come for a holiday in the summer?
  4. I’m sure it’s better in the river Dnieper.
  5. What are these?
  6. Of course, you will walk on the dewy grass.
  7. Why should people go off into the unknown?
  8. Do you know why people settle down on the Moon so easily?
  9. There will be a lot of fruits this year if only the frosts don’t strike.
  10. Why ask for trouble?
  11. These are very reliable spaceships.
  12. At least try to come in the autumn.
  13. They have deepened the pond.
  14. You could visit your friends and relatives.
  15. It’s full of fish now, you like fishing.

The young astronaut to his mother:

  1. That’s why I asked you to come.
  2. It’s easy to walk here but the distances are long.
  3. People of different nationalities who work in Selenopolis come here after work.
  4. Let’s ride for a bit.
  5. The Community of Nations Square.
  6. It’s quite an exotic experience to have a swim on the moon.
  7. Long-range spaceships They’re planning an expedition to a neighboring galaxy.
  8. You may be right, but
  9. How do I know?
  10. You think I don’t want to walk barefoot on the dewy grass?
  11. Coming
  12. These are very reliable spaceships.
  13. There are some tourists.
  14. Selenopolis occupies more than a hundred square kilometers.
  15. They are walking towards the lake.

C. Answer the following questions in about 100 -120 words.

Question 1.
Write a paragraph listing all the sentimental and the scientific reasons given by the mother against the expedition to the neighbouring galaxy.
Answer:
Title: Mother’s Voice
Author: Vasil Berezhnoy
Characters: Astronaut and his mother
Theme: “Distant scene enchants the eyes”.

The astronaut’s mother was excited because it was her first visit to the moon. She looked around and admired the moonscape. She wondered that the moon was a very beautiful place. However, her sentiments dominated her.

She thought of her orchards as it was the time for blooming. She was dumbfounded at the enormous lily-shaped tent over a crater of a kilometer in diameter. It might be an exotic experience to have a swim on the moon.

But she was quite sentimental about the swim in the river. The Dnieper on the Earth. Long-range spaceships were ready for an expedition to a neighbouring galaxy. She asked why people should go off into an unknown place.

She was worried about why should people invite trouble. The astronauts were keen on more expeditions. Their scientific thirst could never be quenched. Mother wanted the people to settle properly on the solar system, before going further. To his mother, living on the Earth seemed to be a miracle.

It was a cradle of life to her. Even she made her son realize the fabulous beauty of the native planet, Earth. She could make the astronaut feel that his expedition to another galaxy was not very significant.

But the astronaut had no other alternative as he had already got selected for space travel. It was a must for him but to the mother the life on the earth was everything, “There’s something cool about being involved in new missions to other planets” – David Grinspoon.

Additional Questions

Question 1.
Describe Selenopolis.
Answer:
Selenopolis is much easier to walk through though the distances are long. It occupies more than a hundred square kilometers. It’s a moving pavement covered with green plastic strips. These are rushed through echoing tunnels and spacious caves with walls sparkling in the light of the quartz lamps. There is a large lily-shaped tent over a crater, at least a kilometer in diameter. This was called, ‘The community of Nations Square.’ ‘People of different nationalities who work in Selenopolis and tourists go there to relax.

D. Think and answer.

“The explorer in this story is traveling to another galaxy. The final destination is an unknown ‘ planet in another galaxy. The travel will take many years”. What qualities and life skills do you think an explorer-like him must possess? Why? Do you have any of these skills and qualities? Explain.
Answer:
Space explorers work either as pilots who fly spacecraft or as mission specialists who conduct experiments. Regardless of their position, they need certain qualities to survive both NASA’s selection process and space travel itself. The qualities and life- skills needed are intelligence, adaptability, good physique, mental endurance and good ‘ knowledge. I have all these skills except the educational level which I would study as I grow up. ‘

Intelligence:
Astronauts need above-average intelligence and need quick thinking to A handle unexpected problems. They also need the intellectual creativity to dream up new avenues of space-based research into medicine, materials and processes for use N on Earth and in space. Curiosity is key, as are people skills and communication skills.

Adaptability:
Astronauts have many responsibilities in space. They need the flexibility to move from one task to another, different task. They also work on teams with astronauts from other countries and cultures, so they must be open-minded to diversity. They must be willing to change routines to accommodate new procedures.

Physical Condition:
The rigors of space travel are just about as intense as the rigors of space training. Astronauts need eyesight of20/100 or better uncorrected, correctable to 20/20 in each eye. Their blood pressure can’t be above 140/90. Candidates also must meet military water survival standards, which test for the ability to swim without stopping and to swim and tread water clothed in flight gear.

Astronauts also must be SCUBA-qualified to prepare for spacewalk training. Their bodies must respond well to high and low atmospheric pressures. They also must be prepared for the physical effects of zero gravity training up to 40 times a day. Space travel can last for months, during which the human body must function amid physical stress.

Mental Endurance:
Astronauts who make it through the physical demands of space travel must also grapple with isolation, fear and separation from loved ones. It’s not easy to live in close quarters with virtual strangers for three to six months or more. Astronauts must begin to cope with those long periods away from home during training, which takes two to three years and requires heavy travel to practice with international mission partners.

Education:
Astronauts need a bachelor’s degree from an accredited university in engineering, biological science, physical science and maths.

E. Based on the understanding of the story, discuss in groups and make a note of the following.

Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 Mother’s Voice 1

Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 Mother’s Voice 2

Mother’s Voice by Vasil Berezhnoy About The Author:

In 1972, a group of authors were awarded the Rudaki Prize of the Tajik SSR, which shows the importance of Soviet Literature and the role played by Science fiction. Vasil Berezhnoy was surely one among the group of authors.

Mother’s Voice Supplementary Summary:

Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 Mother’s Voice 3

This story revolves around the feeling of a young astronaut who has volunteered to explore the 1 galaxy beyond the one he lived in. The entire conversation between the mother and son is the recording that he hears now and then. The beginning of the story sees him taking his mother to the moon. He shows her around. They walk through the Selenopolis, seeing tall structures that have propped up the star-studded sky. The son listens to his mother’s voice that is so dear to him. She talks to her son about the orchards, the river Dnieper where he used to go for fishing, the apples, pears and melons, the walk on the dewy grasses, their relatives whom he may never meet if he goes for this expedition.

Yet she hopes that he will come and visit her during his vacation. She tells how the planet earth is so rich and beautiful with snow-covered peaks, that there can never be a place like the planet earth. This makes the son look at the earth with a newer vision and he understands that his mother is right. It is never going to be the same in another galaxy far away from home and his mother.

But, now he is helpless and cannot change his decision of coming back to earth. He goes on explaining the things happening on the moon; how people come to the ‘Community of Nations Square’ after work for relaxation. He tells about the spaceships which is fully equipped for this major expedition. The mother watches the rockets with people assembling for a take off, and asks her son why someone yearns to leave their home and go to another galaxy instead of being happy with their own.

She tries to pursue her son to quit from this mission even though she knew she may never see her son again. Just then a voice from the loudspeaker asks the astronaut to report to duty and he turns off the button and the screen becomes blank. He often plays this recording to be in that moment with his mother. This kind of expedition is the result of young curious minds and humanity.

Mother’s Voice Glossary:

Samacheer Kalvi 9th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 6 Mother’s Voice 4

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

Students can Download English Lesson 4 The Summit Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Get a Practical Study with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar to make learning language much easy for you and score good grades in exams.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

Warm up

(a) Adventures, expeditions and explorations are always exciting. Especially when they are real and if it is the first of its kind, it is even more thrilling. The only question that comes to ones mind is what makes one to take up such tasks that involve high risks. It is the spirit of formidable adventure and certain qualities which make them achieve such feats.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

(b) Tick the qualities that are required to achieve such a feat.

passion reward determination physical fitness
fame faith courage money
drive vengeance inspiration self-satisfaction
vision undying spirit inner-urge perseverance

Answer:

passion ✓ reward determination ✓ physical fitness ✓
fame faith ✓ courage ✓ money
drive ✓ vengeance inspiration ✓ self-satisfaction
vision ✓ undying spirit ✓ inner-urge ✓ perseverance ✓

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English The Summit Textual Questions

1. Based on your reading of the text, answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question (a)
What did Hillary do with his wet boots?
Answer:
Hillary cooked his wet boots over the fierce flame of the primus and soften them as they became frozen solid.

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Question (b)
Name an equipment and a tool carried by the climbers during their expedition.
Answer:
Oxygen gear is an equipment and ice-axe and ice hammer are some tools that climbers carry’ during their expedition.

Question (c)
Why did Hillary become clumsy-fingered and slow-moving?
Answer:
He became clumsy-fingered and slow-moving because of lack of oxygen.

Question (d)
What did Hillary find in a tiny hollow?
Answer:
Edmund Hillary and Tenzing reached a tiny hollow. They found two oxygen bottles left there by Evans and Bourdillon after a failed attempt.

Question (e)
When did Hillary feel a sense of freedom and well being?
Answer:
He felt a sense of freedom and well-being when his oxygen bottle became lighter in weight and he cut steps down off the south summit.

Question (f)
What did Hillary mean by saying “We had had enough to do the job, but by no means too much”?
Answer:
It was providential will that Hillary found two oxygen bottles on the way up towards Everest. As they returned successfully after the conquer of Everest, just near their tent, their bottle ran out of oxygen. So, he says they had had enough oxygen to conquer Everest but by no means it was too much.

Additional Questions

Based on your reading of the text, answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question (a)
Why was Pemba unable to accompany Tenzing and Hillary?
Answer:
Pemba was too ill to climb. So, he did not accompany Tenzing and Hillary.

Question (b)
Where did the three companions go back after climbing up to 27,900 feet?
Answer:
The three companions went back to the south col after climbing 27,900 feet.

Question (c)
When did Hillary and Tenzing get ready for the arduous climb to Everest?
Answer:
Hillary and Tenzing got ready to climb at 4 am on May 29, 1953.

Question (d)
How did Hillary and Tenzing energize themselves for the final lap of the ascent?
Answer:
Both Hillary and Tenzing drank a lot of lemon juice and sugar. They followed it with their last tin of sardines and biscuits.

Question (e)
Why did Hillary ask Tenzing lead when they sit ready to more at 6.30 am?
Answer:
Hillary was worried about his cold feet. So, he asked Tenzing to lead.

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Question (f)
Why did Hillary feel relieved on discovering two oxygen bottles?
Answer:
Hillary scraped the ice if the gauges and felt relieved as they still contained several hundred liters of oxygen to last till they return to south col.

Question (g)
Who had left behind the two bottles of oxygen at the tiny hollow?
Answer:
Evans and Bourdillon had made an attempt to climb Everest. They failed in their mission. To reduce their load, they had left the two bottle of oxygen behind.

Question (h)
In which phase of the journey did Hillary and Tenzing find the snow dangerous?
Answer:
In the phase of the last 400 feet to the southern summit the snow was dangerous.

Question (i)
Why did Hillary doubt the feasibility of continuing the climb at one crucial point?
Answer:
As Hillary was inching his way up towards the Southern Summit, he slipped back there or four of his steps. Having a doubt about the feasibility of continuing the climb, he sought Tenzing’s advice.

Question (J)
When did Hillary and Tenzing Crampon on to the South Peak?
Answer:
After climbing for two and a half hours, they cramponed on the south peak at 9 am.

2. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question (a)
How did the mountaineers belay?
Answer:

  1. The mountaineers belayed by moving one at a time.
  2. When Hillary was at work Tenzing would belay him.
  3. When Hillary sank his shaft and put a few loops of the rope around it, Tenzing would move up to him.
  4. Thus they belayed each other.

Question (b)
Why was the original zest fading away?
Answer:
As Hillary tried to reach the peak, he had to negotiate giant cornices on the right and steep rock sloped on the left. They had no idea as they trudged forward where the peak was. As Hillary cut around the back of one hump, another higher one would swing into the view. So, their original zest was fading away.

Question (c)
What did Edmund Hillary do to escape the large overhanging ice cornices?
Answer:
To escape from the large overhanging ice-cornices, Hillary cut a line of steps down to where the snow met the rocks on the west.

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Question (d)
What did Tenzing and Edmund Hillary gift to the God of lofty Summit? How did they do it?
Answer:
A hole was made in the ice where Tenzing placed reverentially a bar of chocolate, a packet of biscuits, and a handfull of lollies. As Hillary remembered that his team head Col. Hunt had requested to place a crucifix after reaching the peak. So, he also made a hole in the snow and placed the crucifix beside Tenzing’s gift to the Gods. Devout Buddhists believed that at least a small token of gift should be left with Gods who have their homes in that lofty Everest.

Question (e)
What did the photograph portray?
Answer:
The photograph portrayed the North Col and old route which had been made famous by the struggles of those great climbers of the 1920’s and 1930’s.

Question (f)
The soft snow was difficult and dangerous. Why?
Answer:
The soft snow made a route on top of the ridge both dangerous and difficult. Sometimes it held Hillary’s weight. But often it gave way suddenly. Thus it was dangerous for the climbers. But both persisted and trudged ahead for 400 feet and reached the southern summit.

Question (g)
How did the firm snow at the higher regions fill them with hope?
Answer:

  1. When they were on their trail on a ridge with soft snow, a section around Hillary gave way and he slipped back.
  2. This implanted doubt in his mind about whether to proceed further or not.
  3. It was only after reaching the firm snow he had full confidence that they will succeed.

Additional Questions

Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.

Question (a)
When did Hillary and Tenzing realize their high hopes?
Answer:
As they trudged up, they came across crystalline and firm snow. As Hillary’s ice-axe bit into the first steep slop of the ridge, their high hopes were realized. They could make comfortable belays and move up with confidence.

Question (b)
What was thrilling to watch 8000 feet below them?
Answer:
In a number of places, the overhanging ice cornices were very large. In order to escape them, Hillary cut a line of steps down to where the snow met the rocks on the west. It was a great thrill to look straight down that enormous rock face to see 8000 ft below them the tiny tents of Camp 4 in the Western Cwm,

Question (c)
What were the immediate feelings of Hillary on the conquest of Everest?
Answer:
On the conquest of Everest Hillary ’s immediate feeling was that of relief that there were no move ridges to traverse. There were no more humps to tantalize them with hopes of success.

Question (d)
How did the achievers express their joy on the conquest?
Answer:
They shook hands. Tenzing threw his arms around Hillary’s shoulders. They thumped each other on the back until they were almost breathless.

Question (e)
How were the achievers welcomed by fellow climbers?
Answer:
Two figures came towards them a couple of hundred feet about their camp. They were George Lowe and Wilfrid Noyce, and it was thoughtful of them because Hillary ‘s oxygen ran out just then.

3. Based on the text, answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 100-150 words each.

1. We started up our cooker and
drank large quantities of lemon juice and
sugar, and followed this with our last tin of
sardines on biscuits. I dragged our oxygen
sets into the tent, cleaned the ice off them,
and then rechecked and tested them.

2. I had removed my boots, which
had become wet the day before, and they
were now frozen solid. So I cooked them
over the fierce flame of the Primus and
managed to soften them up. Over our
down clothing we donned our windproof
and on to our hands we pulled three pairs
of gloves – silk, woollen, and windproof.

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3. At 6.30 a.m. we crawled out of that
tent into the snow, hoisted our 30 lb. of
oxygen gear on to our backs, connected
up our masks and turned on the valves to
bring life-giving oxygen into our lungs. A
few good deep breaths and we were ready
to go. Still a little worried about my cold
feet, I asked Tenzing to move off.

4. Tenzing kicked steps in a long
traverse back towards the ridge, and we
reached its crest where it forms a great
snow bump at about 28000 feet. From
here the ridge narrowed to a knife-edge
and, as my feet were now warm, I took
over the lead.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

5. The soft snow made a route on top
of the ridge both difficult and dangerous,
which sometimes held my weight but often
gave way suddenly. After several hundred
feet, we came to a tiny hollow, and found
there the two oxygen bottles left on the
earlier attempt by Evans and Bourdillon.
I scraped the ice off the gauges and was
relieved to find that they still contained
several hundred litres of oxygen-enough
to get us down to the South Col if used sparingly

6. I continued making the trail on up
the ridge, leading up for the last 400 feet
to the southern summit. The snow on this
face was dangerous, but we persisted in
our efforts to beat a trail up it.
We made frequent changes of
lead. As I was stamping a trail in the deep
snow, a section around me gave way and

7. I slipped back through three or four of
my steps. I discussed with Tenzing the
advisability of going on, and he, although
admitting that he felt unhappy about the
snow conditions, and finished with his
familiar phrase “Just as you wish”.

8. I decided to go on; and we finally
reached firmer snow higher up, and then
chipped steps up the last steep slopes and
cramponed on to the South Peak. It was
now 9 a.m.

9. We cut a seat for ourselves just
below the South Summit and removed our
oxygen apparatus. As our first partly-full
bottle of oxygen was now exhausted, we
had only one full bottle left. Our apparatus
was now much lighter, weighing just over
20 lb., and as I cut steps down off the South
Summit I felt a sense of freedom and well- being.

10. As my ice-axe bit into the first
steep slope of the ridge, my high hopes
were realized. The snow was crystalline
and firm. Two or three blows of the ice axe
produced a step large enough even for
our over-sized High Altitude boots, and
a firm thrust of the ice-axe would sink it
half-way up the shaft, giving a solid and
comfortable belay.

11. We moved one at a time. I would
cut a forty foot line of steps, Tenzing
belaying me while I worked. Then in turn I
would sink my shaft and put a few loops of
the rope around it, and Tenzing, protected
against a breaking step, would move up to
me. Then once again as he belayed me I
would go on cutting

12. In a number of places the
overhanging ice cornices were very large
indeed, and in order to escape them I cut a
line of steps down to where the snow met
the rocks on the west. It was a great thrill
to look straight down this enormous rock
face and to see, 8000 feet below us, the
tiny tents of Camp 4 in the Western Cwm.
Scrambling on the rocks and cutting
handholds on the snow, we were able to
shuffle past these difficult portions.

13. On its east side was another great
cornice; and running up the full forty feet
of the step was a narrow crack between
the cornice and the rock. Leaving Tenzing
to belay me as best he could, I jammed my
way into this crack. Then, kicking
backwards, I sank the spikes of my
crampons deep into the frozen snow
behind me and levered myself off the
ground

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

14. Taking advantage of every little
rock hold, and all the force of knee,
shoulder, and arms I could muster, I
literally cramponed backwards up the
crack, praying that the cornice would
remain attached to the rock. My progress
although slow was steady. As Tenzing paid
out the rope, I inched my way upwards
until I could reach over the top of the rock
and drag myself out of the crack on to a
wide ledge.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

15. For a few moments I lay regaining
my breath, and for the first time really
felt the fierce determination that nothing
now could stop us reaching the top. I took
a firm stance on the ledge and signalled
to Tenzing to come on up. As I heaved
hard on the rope, Tenzing wriggled his
way up the crack, and finally collapsed at
the top like a giant fish when it has just
been hauled from the sea after a terrible
struggle.

16. The ridge continued as before:
giant cornices on the right; steep rock
sloped on the left. The ridge curved away
to the right and we have no idea where the
top was. As I cut around the back of one
hump, another higher one would swing
into view. Time was passing and the ridge
seemed never-ending.

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17. Our original zest had now quite
gone, and it was turning more into a grim
struggle. I then realized that the ridge
ahead, instead of rising, now dropped
sharply away. I looked upwards to see a
narrow snow ridge running up to a snowy
summit. A few more whacks of the ice-axe
in the firm snow and we stood on top.

18. My first feelings were of relief–
relief that there were no more steps to
cut, no more ridges to traverse, and no
more humps to tantalize us with hopes
of success. I looked at Tenzing. In spite of
the balaclava helmet, goggles, and oxygen
mask – all encrusted with long icicles–that
concealed his face, there was no disguising
his grin of delight as he looked all around
him. We shook hands, and then Tenzing
threw his arm around my shoulders and
we thumped each other on the back until
we were almost breathless. It was 11.30
a.m. The ridge had taken us two and a
half hours, but it seemed like a lifetime
To the east was our giant

19. neighbour Makalu, unexplored and
unclimbed. Far away across the clouds,
the great bulk of Kanchenjunga loomed
on the horizon. To the west, we could
see the great unexplored ranges of Nepal
stretching off into the distance.

20. The most important photograph,
I felt, was a shot down the North Ridge,
showing the North Col and the old route
which had been made famous by the
struggles of those great climbers of the
1920’s and 1930’s. After ten minutes,
I realized that I was becoming rather
clumsy-fingered and slow-moving. So I
quickly replaced my oxygen set

Question (a)
How did Hillary and Tenzing prepare themselves before they set off to the summit? (Para 1, 2 and 3)
Answer:
Hey drank large quantities of lemon juice and sugar. They also had their last tin of sardines on biscuits. Hillary cleaned their oxygen sets. and tested them. As his boots became wet and, frozen solid, Hillary cooked them. Over the fierce flame and tried to soften them. They also wore three pairs of gloves made of silk, woolen, and windproof. At 6.30 a.m they set their oxygen gear on to their backs, connected their masks, and turned on their valves. They had a few good deep breaths and set off to their summit.

Question (b)
Give an account of the journey to the South Col from 28,000 feet. (Para 4 to 8)
Answer:
From the altitude of 28000 feet, the ridge narrowed to a knife-edge and as Hillary’s feet were now warm, he took over the land and Tenzing followed him. The soft snow was difficult and dangerous to tackle. Sometimes it supported Hillary’s weight and often it gave way suddenly. After trudging several hundred feet, they reached a tiny hollow where they found two oxygen bottles left by Evans and Bourdillon after a failed mission. Hillary7 scraped off the ice and found that both were full and could last till they returned from ascent if they used them sparingly. Despite risky slips, they persisted and made 400 feet climb to the southern summit. Hillary sought the advisability of continuing on such a lowly snow bed. But Tenzing remarked, “as your wish.” Hillary’ made up his mind to go on. His resolve paid off. They finally reached firmer snow higher up fuelling their hopes of success.

Question (c)
Describe the feelings of Edmund Hillary and Tenzing as they reached the top of the Summit. (Para 18)
Answer:
The very first feeling of Edmund Hillary was that of complete relief. A relief that there were no steps to cut, no more ridges to traverse and no more humps to tease them with hopes of success. Hillary was able to find a grin of delight in Tenzing’s face though it was concealed with a helmet, goggles, and oxygen mask. They shook their hands. Tenzing threw his arm around Hillary’s shoulders and thumped each other on the back till they became breathless. It took nearly two and a half hours for them to reach the top of the ridge. As they had undergone a huge risk they felt that it seemed like a lifetime.

Question (d)
The ridge had taken us two and half hours, but it seemed like lifetime. Why? (Para 15 to 17)
Answer:
Both Hillary and Tenzing reached a wide ledge. Hillary deeply felt the fierce determination that nothing could stop them from scaling the Himalayas. He took a stronghold on the ledge and signalled Tenzing to come up. With great difficulty Tenzing reached the way up the crack and collapsed like a giant fish hauled up from the ocean. There were giant cornices on the right and steep rock sloped on the left. The ridge curved away to the right. They had no idea’ where the peak was. As Hillary cut around the back of one hump, another would swing anew ‘ to his view’. Time seemed never ending. Their original zest started diminishing. The climb becoming a grim struggle. To their surprise, the ridge ahead now dropped sharply away. A few more whacks of the ice-axe in the firm snow’, they stood on top. It w’as 11.30, the ridge had taken two and a half hours. But it seemed like a lifetime as they had to negotiate numerous ridges on the way.

Question (e)
Describe the view from the top. What was the most important photograph? (Para 19 and ’ 20)
Answer:
When viewed from the top towards the east was Makalu which was unexplored and unclimbed. Far away on the horizon appeared the great bulk of Kanchenjunga. Towards the west was the great unexplored ranges of Nepal. The most important photograph was that of the north ridge which showed the North Col and the old route which had been made famous by the struggles of the great climbers of the 1920’s and 1930’s.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (f)
‘There is no height, no depth that the spirit of man, guided by higher Spirit cannot attain’. Discuss the above statement in the context of the achievement of Edmund Hillarv and Tenzing.
Answer:
Man is naturally endowed with an indomitable spirit. Guided by powers above man reach any height. The grit and persistence of both Hillary and Tenzing stand testimony to the above maxim. The conditions were really overwhelming. Hillary slipped many times. Once he even t sought the advisability of continuing the climb under such conditions. But Tenzing and Hillary. resolved to persist and conquer the peak. As a reward to 400 feet climb near the south summit,,they got two bottles of oxygen which in fact kept them alive almost up to their base camp. Both pick up the pieces of hopes only when they come into contact with firmer rock-like.ice as they moved up.

Though they had to inch their way up clearing snow with the ice-axe and making a path to haul themselves up ridge after ridge in the elusive terrain, they did not give up. As Hillary’s ice-axe bit into the first steep slope of the ridge, his hopes were realized. The snow was crystalline and firm. With just two or three blows, Hillary could make a step large enough for their oversized high altitude boots. They could create comfortable belays and trudge forward with confidence. As the humps were continuously seen, their original zest started declining. It was at this point Hillary saw a narrow ridge up to a snowy summit. With a few more whacks of the ice-axe in the form of snow, they reached the top.

Vocabulary

(a) Idioms
(i) Given below are some idiomatic expressions with their meanings. Understand the meaning.
Answer:

(a) wait for the dust to settle to wait for a situation to become clear or certain
(b) get/have all your ducks in a row to have made all the preparations needed to do something / to be well organized
(c) fetch and carry (for somebody) to do a lot of little jobs for somebody as if you were their servant
(d) do the math to think carefully about something before doing it, so that you know all the relevant facts or figures
(e) round the corner very near

(ii) Fill in the blanks with the right idioms. Choose from the above given idioms.

  1. The Sherpas are cheerful, gallant men, who _____ tents, oxygen, food etc., for climbers during their ascent of the summit.
  2. The team _____ carefully so as to reach the summit successfully.
  3. When they had to climb through deep new snow the party sometimes had to _____
  4. Each member of the team had all their _____
  5. We could not believe that with a few more whacks of the ice axe in the firm snow we were _____ to the top.

Answer:

  1. fetch and carry
  2. does the math
  3. wait for the dust to settle
  4. ducks in a row
  5. round the comer

(iii) Understand the meaning of the given idiomatic expression and choose the right one to complete the sentence.

the icing on the cake – something extra and not essential, but is added to make it even better
break the ice – to make people more relaxed, especially at the beginning of the meeting

  1. The conference room was silent though packed. The chairman introduced an interactive session to ________
  2. Our headmistress not only promised us to take us for an excursion, but also announced that on return we would get a holiday. It was like ________

Answer:

  1. break the ice
  2. the icing on the cake

(b) Phrasal Verbs

Question (i)
Given below are the phrasal verbs with their meanings. Use the given phrasal verbs in sentences of your own.

turn on to open
took over take lead
set off start a journey
put off postpone

Answer:

  1. She turned on the induction stove to prepare the dinner.
  2. After Steven Paul Jobs took over the lead role, Apple started making a revolution in sales.
  3. The boy set off on foot to his uncle’s home in the city.
  4. Don’t put off important works as delay could be dangerous.

Question (ii)
Given below are some Phrasal Verbs which are frequently used in connection with travelling. Guess the meaning and match.

Question (a)

(a) see off (i) start off / to begin a journey
(b) stopover (ii) to go to station or airport to say goodbye to someone
(c) set off (iii) to stay at a place for a short period of time when travelling to another destination

Answer:
(a) (ii) to go to the station or airport to say goodbye to someone
(b) (iii) to stay at a place for a short period of time when travelling to another destination
(c) (i) start off / to begin a journey

Question (b)

(a) get in (i) leave a bus, train etc.,
(b) get off (ii) to go away from home for a vacation
(c) get on (iii) arrive inside train, bus etc.
(d) getaway (iv) enter a bus, train, plane.

Answer:
(a) (iii) arrive inside train, bus etc.
(b) (i) leave a bus, train etc.,
(c) (iv) enter a bus, train, plane.
(d) (ii) to go away from home for a vacation

Question (c)

(a) check-in (i) pay the bill when leaving a hotel
(b) check out (ii) arrive and register at airport or hotel

Answer:
(a) (ii) arrive and register at airport or hotel
(b) (i) pay the bill when leaving a hotel

(c) Compound Words

(i) Here are some compound words chosen from the text.

ice-fall knife-edge wind-proof sleeping-bags
half-way never-ending partly-full ice- axe

Let us learn a few more with their meaning.

ice-berg an extremely large mass of ice floating in the sea
ice-cap a layer of ice permanently covering parts of the earth, especially around North and South Poles
ice-floe large area of ice floating in the sea
ice-sheet a layer of ice that covers a large area of land for a long period of time
ice-rink specially prepared flat surface of ice, where you can ice-skate;

(d) Semantic network

(i) Match the following with their right field, choosing appropriately from the box given.

Machinery Sports
Transportation Geography
Weather Travel
snow-board Sports
snow-mobile Transportation
snow-chains Machinery
snow-storm Weather
snow-bird Travel
snow-belt Geography

Listening Activity

First, read the following statements. Then, listen to the passage read aloud by your teacher or played on the recorder and complete the statements. You may listen to it again, if required.

Question 1.
What were the reasons for our success?
Answer:
There are many answers to this question. Firstly, 1 would say that we owed much to the work of previous climbers on Everest: to the experience and knowledge they passed on, and to the fact that they had gone on trying and had never given up hope.

Next, I would place the careful and thorough planning done before the climb began. On the Everest, a large number of people have to do different things in different places at the same time. Unless every detail had been worked out in advance, things would quickly have gone wrong.

The third reason was the excellence of our equipment. In particular, our oxygen apparatus was very important, and it worked well. Without it. we could not have reached the summit.

Our own fitness played a big part in the climb, and this was due to our periods of training, in which we got used gradually to great heights: and to our food; and to the care and attention we received from our doctors.

Above all else, I should like to mention how well we worked together. That was the biggest single reason why we got to the top. In the four months we were together we lived and worked as a team. Not everyone could climb to the top. Some of the members had jobs to do on other parts of the mountain; jobs that were less exciting than climbing to the summit, but just as dangerous and uncomfortable. But everyone played his part to the full. That was the biggest thing of all.

In the same way, our Sherpas were magnificent. Without our tents, our oxygen, our food, our climbing gear, the summit could not have been reached. And without the Sherpas, we could

not have lifted all this equipment, which weighed 750 lb., up to 26,000 feet, ready for the assaults. No praise is too high for these cheerful and
gallant men.

Finally, there was the weather. For five weeks we had bad weather; then, after the middle of May, we were lucky. It no longer snowed, and even the wind sometimes dropped.

Complete the following.

(a) List any three aspects which contributed to the success of the ascent of the summit.

  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______

Answer:

  1. Knowledge gained from other climbers
  2. Careful planning
  3. Excellence of equipments (oxygen apparatus)

(b) Without the help of _________ nothing would have been possible.
(c) The main idea of the passage is _________
(d) The biggest thing of all is _________
(e) _________ were cheerful and gallant men.

Answers:

(b) teamwork
(c) factors contributing to successful conquest of Everest
(d) togetherness of mountaineers
(e) Sherpas

Speaking Activity

(a) Group Activity

(i) Have you ever been on an adventurou trip? If so. share your success story with your friends.

He went on a tour to Ooty. My PET Master said that if we were lucky’, we might see some elephants while travelling in the small train. We saw monkeys on either side of the track. As the train was going very slow, wc could see the beauty’ of the mountains and lush green trees. Suddenly, the toy train stopped. I wanted to get down and see what was happening. My English miss who was escorting us prevented us from getting down. Her concern was that we might get lost. But the train did not move for about 45 minutes, and everyone became restless. I begged the teacher to let us go out and see what was happening. As our coach was just two coaches behind the engine and our English Miss saw a huge gathering in front of the engine, she relented. At first, myself and Philomena got down.

We found that, in a short while, the rest of our classmates and our teacher came there to know what was happening. We found a baby elephant lying on the track doing some pranks. Someone gave one banana, the baby elephant ate it and continued to sit there. I snatched a bunch of banana which Philomena was keeping and showed it to the baby elephant. It stretched its trunk to take it. But I carefully walked out of the track showing the banana. The baby elephant followed me twenty feet beyond the track. I gave him the bunch. My English miss asked me to come back, and before the baby elephant returned, the driver resumed the train. I can never forget this adventure in my life

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

(ii) How will you organize or plan for a trip or an event? Do you have the habit of preparing a check-list? Discuss.
If we want to organise a trip the following things are to be alone. If it is a school trip, we must plan well ahead and decide the place of visit and inform the parents and get the letters of consent and if needed, subsidised charges for entry tickets and journey expenses. Once the travel distance and duration are finalised, it can be decided if we are going to hire a bus or take train tickets in advance. If the distance is less than 150 Km, a bus would be fine.

If it exceeds that distance and if the duration of the trip is about two to three days we need to hook accommodation for students in the visiting spot and ensure safety of children. If advance permission is required to visit a factory or a research institute or a planetarium, we must write and get the proper permission from the competent authorities. One escort must be fixed for every ten students well ahead of the trip. A checklist is necessary before the commencement of the journey. The same checklist will be required to bring back the materials which were taken from the school.

(b) Individual Activity
Given below are a few proverbs. Prepare a short speech of two minutes on one of the proverbs.

(i) Nothing is impossible:
Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, Good morning, I wish to say a few words on the topic “Nothing is Impossible”. Napoleon Bonaparte said, “Impossible is the word found only in a fool’s dictionary”. Conquering Everest was deemed impossible. In the 1920’s and 1930’s mountain climbers aborted their efforts. The brittle snow beyond the altitude of 28000 ft. made even Hillary doubtful for a while of the possibility of conquering Everest. But persisting on their daring adventure, Hillary and Tenzing scaled the Everest. When the whole world is appreciating many daring adventures of able-bodied men, a differently abled lady namely Arunima Sinha has created history by conquering Everest. She was a volleyball player who was pushed from a running train in an attempted robbery.

One of her legs had to be amputated below the knee. Using a prosthetic leg, under the Inspirational guidance of Bachendri Pal, the first Indian lady to conquer Everest, she climbed Everest on 21st May 2013. The most admirable thing about her is that she has climbed six difficult mountain peak of the world viz Everest in Asia, Kilimanjaro in Africa, Elbrus in Europe, Kosciuszko in Australia, Aconcagua in Argentina and Carstensz Pyramid in Indonesia. She completed her final summit of Mount Vinson in Antarctica on 4th January 2019. She is running a charitable foundation namely Arunima foundation. She wants to open a free sports academy for the poor and differently abled children. She wrote a book “Bom again on the mountain” which was launched by Hon’ble Prime Minister Narendra Modi in December 2014. She was awarded Padma Sri, the fourth-highest award of India in 2015. Dear friends, we must never accept small defeats in life. We must leam lessons and believe that we can succeed and it is possible to achieve excellence against all the odds.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

(ii) Where there is a will there is a way:
Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, Good morning, I wish to say a few words on the topic “Where there is a will there is a way”.
There are numerous examples to quote from where the will has made people create history. ‘ All of us know Mother Teresa won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1999. But the beginnings of her work were met with many insults and humiliating experiences. She was moved by poverty, sickness, suffering in old age which she encountered amidst the poorest of the poor in the streets of Calcutta. Her heart went out for street children who could not go to school. She wanted to give them a home and food. The financial position of her organisation was not healthy enough. She willed to adopt orphaned children and provide them with food, shelter and education.

If she had only thought about financial disabilities and not taken the necessary steps, she wouldn’t be the person we know her to be today. Similarly, Thomas Alva Edison [. had only three months of formal schooling, and he was partially deaf too. But that never made his mother give up on him. She took the responsibility of teaching and training him. She persuaded and encouraged him even though she never knew what he would become in future. Hence, dear friends when times of trial come, or when you face mockery by people surrounding you, never give up hope. Always remember this,“Where There is a Will There is a Way”.

(iii) Together we can achieve more:
Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends, Good morning, I wish to say a few words on the topic “Together we can achieve more”. There are so many social and environmental issues that have been curbed by the coming together of like-minded people. For example, The Students Sea Turtle Conservation Network, a voluntary group comprising students, have been working in the beaches of Chennai since 1987, trying to conserve Olive Ridley, and create awareness about the endangered sea turtles. The steps they had taken have given them pleasant rewards. Many hatchlings can be seen running towards the sea thanks to the efforts made ‘ by these volunteers.

There is Arun Krishnamurthy, who initiated the campaign of cleaning various lakes across India. Arun along with the organisation has been successful in cleaning at least 39 lakes in the country. As a result, Arun was presented with the prestigious Rolex Awards for Enterprise in the year 2012 at Geneva. He was the youngest to win this award. He couldn’t have achieved it without the support of his organisation. These are only a few examples that show that “Together we can achieve more”.

Giving instructions:
Here are a few instructions given by a Health Inspector to a group of students, in order to prevent malaria and dengue. Complete the series adding some more important instructions.

  1. Do not allow water to stagnate in and around your house.
  2. Keep your surroundings clean.
  3. Wear long-sleeved shirts/blouses and long pants / skirts that cover your arms and legs.
  4. Always use a bed-net impregnated with insecticide.
  5. Use mosquito repellants, carry it wherever you go.
  6. Don’t allow rainwater to gather in discarded tyres and mud pots or coconut shells.
  7. Keep all water containers or tanks closed.
  8. Cover your well also.

Now, write a set of 8 to 10 instructions for the following situations:

1. A doctor instructing a patient regarding a healthy diet and proper care after surgery.

  1. Don’t carry heavyweight for a few months.
  2. You must avoid infections.
  3. Cough and sneeze very’ carefully.
  4. Limit salt intake.
  5. Limit your sugar intake.
  6. Avoid cool drinks and fast foods.
  7. Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables,
  8. You can take eggs, fish, legumes, and dairy products.
  9. Go for walking early in the mornings.
  10. Come for regular check-ups.

2. A traffic police personnel to the public, as to how to move around in safety, in crowded public places during festival seasons.

  1. Don’t allow’ your children to walk ahead of you.
  2. Make your children memorise your phone numbers or give them an id card with your phone numbers written in it.
  3. Ask your children not to speak or take anything from a stranger.
  4. Park your vehicles only in the open area marked as parking area behind the police stations.
  5. Use the entry path to the fair.
  6. Go out only through the exit route demarkated by the long rope.
  7. In case of any problem or suspicion, contact the nearest police booth and inform the officer there.
  8. Makeshift toilets are kept separately for men and women at the right corner.
  9. Don’t run in a crowd.
  10. Walk with your family in a row’ of two members keeping track of children.

3. A mother to her children, on safety measures to be taken before leaving home on vacation.

  1. Switch off all the lights.
  2. See if the water containers have been closed piverly.
  3. If there is left-over food, dispose them in the dust bin.
  4. Ensure that there are no unwashed vessels in the kitchen sink.
  5. Make certain that all the pipes are properly closed.
  6. Check whether there are any washed clothes lying in the balcony, if so. bring them inside.
  7. Pack your bags with a checklist of what you need during the vacation. Each one must bring her/his own toothbrush, soap, towels, etc.
  8. Check if the gas cylinder’s regulator is turned off.
  9. Don’t forget to bring your mobile phones. Stay connected.
  10. Carry at least one Identity card as a proof.

Reading

On the basis of your understanding of the given passage, make notes in any appropriate format.

The Sherpas were nomadic people who first migrated from Tibet approximately 600 years ago. through the Nangpa La pass and settled in the Solukhumbu District, Nepal. These nomadic people then gradually moved westward along salt trade routes. During 14th century, Sherpa ancestors migrated from Kham. The group of people from the Kham region, east of Tibet, was called “ShyarKhamba”. The inhabitants of ShyarKhumbu, were called Sherpa. Sherpa migrants travelled through U and Tsang, before crossing the Himalayas. According to Sherpa oral history, four groups migrated out of Solukhumbu at different times, giving rise to the four fundamental Sherpa clans: Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa and Chawa. These four groups have since split into the more than 20 different clans that exist today.

Sherpas had little contact with the world beyond the mountains and they spoke their own language. Ang Dawa, a 76-year-old former mountaineer recalled “My first expedition was to Makalu [the world’s fifth highest mountain] with Sir Edmund Hillary”. We were not allowed to go to the top. We wore leather boots that got really heavy when wet, and we only got a little salary, but we danced the Sherpa dance, and we were able to buy firewood and make campfires, and we spent a lot of the time dancing and singing and drinking. Today Sherpas get good pay and good equipment, but they don’t have good entertainment. My one regret is that I never got to the top of Everest. I got to the South Summit, but I never got a chance to go for the top.

The transformation began when the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and the New Zealander Edmund Hillary scaled Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary took efforts to build schools and health clinics to raise the living standards of the Sherpas. Thus life in Khumbu improved due to the efforts taken by Edmund Hillary and hence he was known as ‘Sherpa King’.

Sherpas working on the Everest generally tend to perish one by one, casualties of crevasse falls, avalanches, and altitude sickness. Some have simply disappeared on the mountain, never-to-be saw again. Apart from the bad seasons in 1922,1970 and 2014 they do not die en masse Sherpas carry the heaviest loads and pay the highest prices on the world’s tallest mountain.

In some ways, Sherpas have benefited from the commercialization of the Everest more than any group, earning income from thousands of climbers and trekkers drawn to the mountain. While ,interest in climbing Everest grew gradually over the decades after the first ascent, it wasn’t,until the 1990s that the economic motives of commercial guiding on Everest began. This leads to eclipse the amateur impetus of traditional mountaineering. Climbers looked after each , other for the love of adventure and “the brotherhood of the rope” now are tending to mountain businesses. Sherpas have taken up jobs as guides to look after clients for a salary. Commercial,guiding agencies promised any reasonably fit person a shot at Everest.

Origin and Development of Sherpas

The roots:
The Sherpas-nomadic tribe-migrated 600 years ago-settled in Solukhumbu District, of Nepal-14th Century migration westward from Kham-ShyarKhamba-inhabitants Sherpa- 1 Oral history-four goups at different times-Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa and Chawa-now 20′ groups.

Life in isolation:
Little contact beyond mountains-AngDawa-76-year old former mountaineer-first expedition to Makalu with Hillary-not allowed to top-poor salary no equipments-danced, bought firewood-drank made merry-Today situation bright-Sherpas-good pay-good equipment-no , entertainment.-One regret-never got to the top of Everest.

Transformation:
1953 ascent-Hillary and Tenzing Norgay-Hillary built schools, healthcare centres-Sherpas life in Khumbu better-Hillary-‘Sherpa king’.

The difficult life of Sherpas:
Many casualities-avalanches and altitude sickness-Sherpas die-died enmasse 1922-1970 and 2014 only-heavy loads-price death.

Commercialisation of Everest-a boon:
Regular income-thousands of climbers-1990 onwards economic motive-traditional mountaineering-love of rope-brotherhood gone-jobs as guides-good salary-healthy Sherpas take a shot at Everest now-Guiding agencies help.

Grammar

Kinds Of Sentences
(a) Simple sentence
Task 1
Pick out the finite verbs in the following sentences:

  1. You can solve this problem in different ways.
  2. The professor has been working on the last chapter of the book since March.
  3. Despite being a celebrity, Ravi mingles easily with everyone.
  4. You must speak clearly to make yourself understood.
  5. The chairman being away, the clerk is unable to approve the proposal.
  6. Getting down from the car, the Chief Guest walked towards the dais amidst applause.
  7. The old man struggled to walk without support.
  8. In case of emergency, please contact this number.
  9. The sun having set, the temperature fell rapidly.
  10. But for your help, I could not have completed the assignment.

Answers:

  1. solve
  2. has been working
  3. mingles
  4. speak
  5. is
  6. walked
  7. struggled
  8. contact
  9. fell
  10. completed

Task 2
Read the following passage and identify the simple sentences.

Sunflowers turn according to the position of the sun. In other words, they ‘ chase the light’. Have you ever wondered what happens on cloudy, rainy days when the sun is completely covered by clouds? If you think the sunflower withers or turns its head towards the ground, you are completely mistaken. Do you know what happens? Sunflowers turn to each other to share their energy. Learning from Nature, we too should support and empower each other.

Simple sentences:

  • Sunflowers turn according to the position of the sun.
  • they ‘chase the light’
  • Sunflowers turn to each other to share their energy.

(b) Complex sentence
Task 1
Look at the following complex sentences. Circle the Main clauses and underline the Subordinate clauses.

  1. (Nobody knows) when the power supply will resume.
  2. (please tell me) what the time is.
  3. (The man) who directed the film was my schoolmate.
  4. (I believe) that all men are basically good.
  5. (No one knows) when he will return.

Task 2
Pick out the complex sentences in the following passage.

A man saw a lion in the bush, as he was walking through the forest. He did not know what to do. He was helpless. He was too scared to turn around and run. He just knelt down as if he were getting ready to pray. He closed his eyes, thinking that the lion would pounce on him anytime. Out of the comer of his eye, he saw the lion on its knees too. Shocked, he asked the . lion what it was doing. The lion replied that he was praying before he started his meal.

Complex sentences:

  • A man saw a lion in the bush, as he was walking through the forest.
  • He did not know what to do.
  • He just knelt down as if he were getting ready to pray.
  • He closed his eyes, thinking that the lion would pounce on him anytime.
  • He asked the lion what it was doing.
  • The lion replied that he was praying before he started his meal.

(c) Compound sentence
Task 1
Identify the two main clauses and conjunction in each of the following sentences.

(a) It started raining suddenly and people ran for shelter.
(b) Understand the concept well, otherwise you cannot solve the problem.
(c) Fifty candidates appeared for the interview, but only five were selected.
(d) Ramesh did not know Spanish, so he wanted a translator.
(e) He is a good actor, still he is not popular.
Answer:

Main clauses Conjunction
(a) (i) It started raining suddenly
(ii) people ran for shelter
and
(b) (i) Understand the concept well
(ii) you cannot solve the problem
otherwise
(c) (i) Fifty candidates appeared for the interview
(ii) only five were selected
but
(d) (i) Ramesh did not know Spanish
(ii) he wanted a translator
so
(e) (i) He is a good actor
(ii) he is not popular
still

Task 2
Pick out the compound sentences in the following passage.

The food we eat has to be digested and then thrown out of the body. The air we breathe in, has to be thrown out, to help us survive. But we hold negative emotions like insecurity, anger and jealousy within ourselves for years. If these negative emotions are not eliminated, the mind grows corrupt and diseased. Let us do away with hatred and lead a healthy life filled with peace and joy.

Compound sentences:

  • The food we eat has to be digested and then thrown out of the body.
  • Let us do away with hatred and lead a healthy life filled with peace and joy.

Task 3
Complete the sentences by choosing the right endings.

We were thoroughly disappointed to find out his address
Hardly had he stepped out we could not go further
They wanted since our team did not get a prize
Since we had run out of petrol was his reckless driving
The cause of his injury when it began to rain
We were thoroughly disappointed since our team did not get a prize
Hardly had he stepped out when it began to rain
They wanted to find out his address
Since we had run out of petrol we could not go further
The cause of his injury was his reckless driving

Conditional Clauses
Task 1
Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks.

  1. If I _____ (be) a spider, I _____ (weave) webs.
  2. If Raj _____ (be) a sculptor, he _____ (make) beautiful idols.
  3. If Mary had an umbrella, she _____ (lend) it to me.
  4. Rex would have played with me if he _____ (has) time.
  5. If I were you, I _____ (accept) this offer.
  6. We _____ (select) storybooks for kids, if we allow time for storytelling.
  7. The Education Minister _____ (visit) our school tomorrow, if he goes by this way.
  8. You will be rewarded by the wise if you (stand) for truth.
  9. If my mother (know) of my poor performance in the exam, she will not allow me to watch a movie.
  10. If I had won the lottery, I (donate) relief materials for the flood victims

Answer:

  1. were, would weave
  2. were, would make
  3. would have lent
  4. had
  5. would have accepted
  6. can select
  7. will visit
  8. stand
  9. knows
  10. would have donated

Task 2
Rewrite the following sentences using ‘If’ without changing the meaning, e.g.

Unless you go for a walk regularly, you cannot reduce your weight. (Use ‘If) If you do not go for a walk regularly, you cannot reduce your weight.

Question (a)
Sindhu would not have won the world championship unless she had had single-minded devotion.
Answer:
Sindhu would not have won the world championship if she had no single-minded devotion.

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Question (b)
You will not reach your goal unless you chase your dream.
Answer:
You will not reach your goal if you don’t chase your dream.

Question (c)
Unless we plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
Answer:
If we don’t plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.

Question (d)
The rescue team would not have saved the victims unless they had received the call in time.
Answer:
The rescue team would not have saved the victims if they had not received the call in time.

Question (e)
The palace cannot be kept clean, unless we appoint more people.
Answer:
The palace cannot be kept clean, if we don’t appoint more people.

Question (J)
The portraits would not have been so natural unless the artist had given his best.
Answer:
The portraits would not have been so natural if the artist had not given his best.

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Question (g)
The manager would not have selected Nithiksha unless she exhibited good accounting skills.
Answer:
The manager would not have selected Nithiksha if she had not exhibited good accounting skill.

Question (h)
The policeman would not have arrested the man unless he had violated the rules.
Answer:
The policeman would not have arrested the man if he had not violated the rules.

Question (i)
Mr Kunaal would not sponsor my higher education unless I studied well.
Answer:
Mr Kunaal would not sponsor my higher education if I do not study well.

Question (j)
Kavin will not stop flying kites unless he understands the risk involved in it.
Answer:
Kavin will not stop flying kites if he does not understand the risk involved in it.

Question (k)
Tanya would not know the answer unless she referred to the answer key.
Answer:
Tanya would not know the answer if she had not referred to the answer key.

Question (l)
My village cannot achieve 100 % literacy rate, unless the elders of the village cooperate with the education department.
Answer:
My village cannot achieve 100 % literacy rate, if the elders of the village do not cooperate with the education department.

Writing

Summarizing

Origin and development of Sherpas

The roots:
The Sherpas are a nomadic race who migrated to Nepal 600 years ago. They got settled in Solukhumbu District of Nepal. In the 14th Century they migrated westward from Kham to ShyarKhamba. This is where the Sherpas inhabited in four goups viz., Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa, and Chawa.

Life in isolation:
Sherpas had little contact with the world beyond the mountains. Ang Dawa, 76-year old former Sherpa recounts his bitter memories. He could touch the summit Makalu along with Hillary. He was never allowed to go to Everest. Sherpas had meagre salaries. They danced Sherpa dance, drank, and entertained guests. They could buy firewood with their earnings. Now the scenario has changed. They are well paid and given good equipment but left with no entertainment.

Transformation:
The attitude to Sherpas changed after Tenzing Norgay and Hillary reached Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary is hailed as ‘Sherpa king’ for his initiative to build schools for their children and healthcare centres too.

Tough life of Sherpas:
Many Sherpas have died without a trace due to avalanches and altitude sickness. Enmasse’s death is now ended after the 1922-1970 and 2014 incidents. They carry heavy loads and pay with dearth for their survival.

Commercialisation-a boon:
After 1990, the commercialisation of mountaineering has started. Many mountain guiding firms now employ Sherpas with good salary. A steady flow of professional climbers and tourists ensure regular income. Now anyone with sound physique can take a shot at the Everest.

Reading a map
Nowadays though locations are traced easily using GPS, (Global Positioning System) one should know what to look for in the map to reach the destination. Here are a few general instructions to be followed while reading a map.

  1. Identify and understand the elements of the map correctly.
  2. Look out for the title to know what the map shows.
  3. Study the symbols / colours that are used on the map and find what they stand for.
  4. Look at the scale of the map. (whether to be scaled or not to be scaled)
  5. Look for the pointer to know the direction.

Let us together scale the summit. Here is a drawing of the Everest showing the way to the summit, and the position of the camps with their heights. Trace the trekking trail to reach the summit with the given details and write an interesting paragraph in about 100 words.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit

Tips on Elements of the Map:
Map Title: The title is a centre, a short summary of a map. It should determine the area covered and provide some communication of the map content, as “The Summit of Mount Everest”. Map Scale: A scale is the prime essential of a map. Map scale can be defined as part of a map that compares distance on a map to distance in the real world.

Direction: The direction is normally shown on a map by means of the geographical grid, Meridians (of longitudes) are supposed to extend north-south, and parallel (of longitudes) are east-west lines. A straight arrow pointing northward also marked that is called “north arrow”. The Map show’s the route marked in red dotted lines having 9 camps at different levels (height).

The trek starts from the base camp which is located on Khumbu Glacier and ends at the south summit.

Phases of climbing Mount Everest:
Everest is our tallest mountain. Its altitude and the technicalities of the climb are not to be underestimated. Climbing Everest requires intensive training. You might be lucky, and the climb might go well even if you didn’t do your homework. But you will undoubtedly notice that Everest lives up to its fearful reputation should the conditions turn against you. By then though, it might simply be too late if not well prepared. Everest is also a gorgeous mountain. And just as we continue to

launch ourselves into space even though missions sometimes turn into tragedy, mountaineers will always try to climb Everest to experience the majesty, beauty, and adventure of our closest frontier to Universe.

Let’s start the trek at the Base camp Route no. 1 which is situated on the Khumbu Glacier at 17,900 feet. Distance from Route No. 1 & Route No. 2 is 1500 feet reaching at route no.2 at 19400 feet- Icefall. This place is similar to a massive horror-chamber at an amusement park. There are countless scary things that can happen here. An avalanche can bury the climbers alive. After climbing further 800 feet, it reaches Route No.3 20,200 feet – Camp-1, Valley of silence. This is a vast, flat area of endless snow, deep crevasses, and mountain walls frequently washed by avalanches. Here climbers set up camp 1. At night one listens to the deep, murmuring cracking sounds under the tents. It is the crevasses opening and closing deep down in the glacier beneath. It is here that for the first time, just a few steps around a comer, we gain first close sight of Everest.

After 1000 feet of an endless, slow march through the silent valley, the climbers reach at last a rocky patch, at the foot of the icy Lhotse wall. This marks route no.4 Camp-2 at 21,200 feet. This place is absolutely stunning. Clouds roll in from the lower ranges of the Himalayas, up the valley and into the camp. Further climbing 800 feet it takes us to Route No.5 which is at 22,000 feet, next comes Route No. 6 at 23,000 feet Camp-3, Lhotse Face/Wall.

Imagine sliding a fun, icy slope on a sunny winter’s day. Only this one is 1200 meter (4000 ft) high. The dangerous part is to hang on to the rope of dubious strength and to change carabiners between the ropes. Further, 1000 feet upwards the climbers can reach Route No.7 at 24,000 feet they are now almost beside South Col Lhotse.

From Route No.7 to Route No.8 the distance is around 2000 feet. The climbers are now, at Geneva Spur which is 26,000 feet above sea level. It is camp-4, The Death Zone: Camp 4 sits on a plateau resembling a moonscape. The climbers are at the edge of the atmosphere, and the sky owns a strange, dark blue colour. It is surely the closest one can get to space on earth. Only a small climb above camp, you look down the Tibetan plateau with its vast brown plains, white glaciers and the other alpine giants – Kanchenjunga, Lhotse, Makalu -in the distance. It’s all magic and unreal.

The final destination is quite far from here. Further climbing 1700 feet climbers reach at Route No.9 which is at the height of 27,900 feet.
South Summit at 28,700 feet.

There, in the distance, the climbers can see a worm of light slowly moving up a dark wall. It’s climbers head torches flickering in the dark. It’s completely silent. Nobody talks. If you do, you whisper. It is terrifying, and you climb and climb, awaiting the first ray of dawn. It’s desperately cold. It’s steep and at parts very icy. The ice axe and the crampons barely cut into the ice. The mountain projects itself onto the morning fog. The shadow towers in front of the climbers like a giant mirage. Beneath lies, the world in all its glory, Everest glowing in the rising sun.

The Summit About the Author

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit img-1

Sir Edmund Percival Hillary (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand . mountaineer, explorer, and philanthropist. He served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a navigator during World War H. He joined the team led by John Hunt and created history by climbing the Everest in 1953. He has recounted the ordeals, frustrations and moment of glory in “View from the Summit: The Remarkable Memoir by the First Person to Conquer Everest”. He founded the Himalayan Trust to help Sherpa people of Nepal who usually escort mountaineers. High Adventure, No Latitude for Error, Nothing Venture, Nothing Win, are some of his famous works.

The Summit Summary in English

Introduction
Sir Edmund Percival Hillary joined the team led by John Hunt and created history by climbing the Everest with the support of Tenzing Norgay on 29th May 1953.

The preparation
On 28th May 1953, Edmund Hillary and Tenzing had put up a little tent at an altitude of 27,900 feet.

They started up their cooker and drank large quantities of lemon juice in addition to sardines and biscuits. Hillary scraped the ice off the oxygen sets. As his boots were wet, he cooked them over the fierce fire of Primus and managed to soften them up. They fortified their clothing with windproof and they pulled three pairs of gloves, silk, woollen, and windproof on to their hands. At 6.30 am, they hauled their oxygen gear on their backs. Inhaling deep breaths of oxygen, they got ready to climb.

Gruelling climb to the South Col
From the altitude of 28,000 feet, the ridge narrowed to a knife ridge. Hillary’s feet were now warm. So, he took the lead. The snow’ was dangerously soft. The deep soft snow supported Hillary’s weight. Sometimes, it gave way pulling him down by three to four feet. The brittleness of the ice frightened Hillary a little. He asked the advice of Tenzing if they could continue the climb or abort. Tenzing said, “as you please.” Curiously, Hillary decided to continue. They trudged a few hundred feet and reached a tiny hollow. As if to reward their persistence, they found two oxygen bottles filled to their capacity. Hillary hoped that they would sustain them till they returned to their base camp. After the end of the tricky 400 feet climb, they came across firmer ice. This increased their hope of success. As one of the oxygen bottles had been exhausted, their load was reduced by half. Hillary felt a sense of freedom and w ell-being.

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Reaching a wide ledge
As Hillary’s ice-ax bit into the first steep slope of the ridge, his high hopes were realized. The snow was crystalline and firm. Two to three blows of ice-axe could get them a step large enough for their high altitude boots. A firm thrust of ice-ax would sink it half-way up the shaft, giving a solid and comfortable belay egging the mountaineers to move on. Hillary would cut a forty-foot line of steps, Tenzing would belay Hillary while he worked. Hillary and Tenzing changed their roles supporting one another. Taking advantage of every little rock hold and all forces of the knee, and arms Hillary could muster, Hillary championed backward up the crack praying that the comice should not give way from the rock. With Tenzing’s support, Hillary reached the wide ledge. For the first time Hillary realized that nothing would prevent their chances of reaching Everest that day. Soon Tenzing wriggled his way up and collapsed like a giant fish hauled up from the sea.

The crucial last leg of the climb
Giant cornices loomed on the right. Steep rock sloped on the left. As Hillary cut around the back of a hump, another came into the view. Time was passing. Ridge seemed to have no end at all.

The conquest
Their original zest in the conquest started diminishing. It was becoming a grim struggle. Then Hillary realized that the ridge ahead instead of rising now dropped sharply away. He looked upwards to see a narrow ridge running up to a snowy summit. A few more whacks of the ice-axe in the firm snow, they stood on top of the Everest.

The triumph and the reaction of the heroes
Both had a great sense of relief. There were no more steps to cut or ridges to traverse and no more humps to lure them with the hope of success. In spite of the balaclava helmet, goggles, and oxygen mask, all covered with icicles, he could not disguise his grin of delight. They shook hands. Tenzing threw his arms around Hillary. They thumped each other on their backs till they became breathless.

The view from the top
To the east of Everest, they saw their giant neighbour Makalu, unexplored and unclimbed. Far away across the clouds, the great bulk of Kanchenjunga loomed on the horizon. To the west, they could see the great unexplored ranges of Nepal stretching off into a distance.

The photography-the testimony of their conquest
The most important photo was shot down the north ridge. It showed the North Col and the old route which had been made famous by the struggles of those great climbers of 1920’s and 1930’s.

Small offering to the great Gods
Devout Buddhists believe that Gods have their home on this lofty summit. Hence, they wish to offer at least a token of gift. Tenzing dug a little hole in the snow and in it he placed a bar of chocolate, the packet of biscuits and a handful of lollies. Hillary had a small Crucifix from Colonel Hunt. He had asked Hillary to offer it to the Gods when they reached the top. Hillary also made a small hole in the snow and placed the small crucifix beside Tenzing’s gifts piously.

Conclusion
Not all adventures are exciting. Adventures are not to be found only upon the mountains. In everyday life, there are Everests to be climbed in every walk of life. Man can conquer any height or depth if he persists with his undaunted spirit guided by a higher spirit.

The Summit Summary in Tamil

முன்னுரை:
29 மே மாதம் 1953 ஆம் ஆண்டு டென்சிங் உதவியுடன் ஜான் ஹண்ட் நடத்திய குழுவினருடன் சர். எட்மண்ட் பெர்சிவால் ஹிலாரி சேர்ந்து இமயமலை உச்சியை அடையும் வரலாற்றை ஏற்படுத்தினார்.

ஆயத்தங்கள்:
27,900 அடி உயரத்தில் 28 மே மாதம் 1953 ஆம் ஆண்டு எட்மண்ட் ஹிலாரி மற்றும் டென்சிங் ஒரு கூடாரத்தை அமைத்தனர். அடுப்பை பற்ற வைத்தார்கள். தாராளமாக எலுமிச்சை பரசம் பருகினார்கள். தவிர்த்து மீனும், பிஸ்கட்டுகளும் உண்டார்கள், ஹிலாரி ஆக்ஸிஜன் செட்டின் மேல் படிந்துள்ள ஐஸ்கட்டிகளை அப்புறப்படுத்தினார். காலணிகள் ஈரமாகிவிட்டதால் பிரிமஸ் என்ற பிரம்மாண்டமான அடுப்பில் காட்டி சூடேற்றி அதை மிருதுவாக்கினார். துணிக்கு மேல் அடைக்களமாக காற்று புகா உறையை அணிந்து கைகளுக்கு, சில்க், ரோமத்தினால் ஆன உறை மற்றும் காற்று புகா உறை என மூன்று ஜோடி உறைகளை அணிந்தனர். அதிகாலை 6.30 மணி அளவில் ஆக்ஸிஜன் இயந்திரத்தை முதுகில் இழுத்து மாட்டி ஆக்ஸிஜனை நுகர்ந்த வண்ணம் மலையேற ஆயத்தமானார்கள்.

தெற்கு கோலை நோக்கி கடினமான மலையேறும் படலம்:
28,000 அடி உயரத்தில் இருந்து மலையின் உச்சியை பார்க்கும் போது அது கத்தியின் கூர்மையான முனை போல் குறுகிக் காணப்பட்டது. ஹிலாரியின் பாதங்கள் வெதுவெதுப்பாக இருந்ததால் அவர் பயணத்தை முன்னின்று தொடங்கினார். பனிக்கட்டிகள் மிகவும் இலகிக் காணப்பட்டன. அடித்தளத்தில் காணப்பட்ட தளர்ந்த ஐஸ்கட்டிகள் ஹிலாரியின் பாரத்தை தாங்கியது. சில சமயம் ஐஸ் விலகி அவர் கீழ் நோக்கி மூன்று அல்லது நான்கு அடி இறங்க வேண்டியதாயிற்று. ஐஸ்கட்டியின் கூர் முனைகள் ஹிலாரியை சற்றே அச்சுறுத்தின. அவர் டென்சிங்கிடம் தாம் இந்த பயணத்தை மேற்கொள்ளலாமா

அல்லது விட்டுவிடலாமா என ஆலோசனைக் கேட்டார். வழக்கமாக டென்சிங் “உங்கள் விருப்பம்” என்றார். ஆச்சரியமாக ஹிலாரி பயணத்தை மேற்கொள்ள நினைத்தார். கஷ்டத்துடன் சில நூறு அடிகள் கடந்து ஒரு பொந்தை அடைந்தனர். அவர்கள் முயற்சியை பாராட்டும் விதமாக அங்கு இரண்டு ஆக்ஸிஜன் பாட்டில்கள் முழுமையாக காணப்பட்டன. அவை அவர்கள் தன் கூடாரம் செல்லும் வரை உதவும் என எண்ணினார். 400 அடி மிக சாதுர்யமான மலையேற்றத்திற்குப்பின்னர் கடினமானபனிக்கட்டியை அடைந்தனர். இது அவர்கள் முயற்சியை ஊக்குவித்தது. ஒரு ஆக்ஸிஜன் பாட்டில் தீர்ந்து விட்டமையால் அது அவர்கள் பாரத்தை பாதி குறைத்தது ஹிலாரிக்கு பெரிய விடுதலையாகவும், நிம்மதியாகவும் இருந்தது.

பரவலான விளிம்பை அடைந்தனர்:
ஹிலாரியின் பனிக் கோடரி பனிக்கட்டியின் விளிம்பை முதலில் வெட்டியதும் அவரின் ஊக்கம் வெளிப்பட்டது. பனிக்கட்டிகள் படிகங்களாகவும், கெட்டியாகவும் காணப்பட்டன. இரண்டு அல்லது மூன்று முறை பனிக் கோடரியால் கொத்தினால் உயரத்தில் அணிவதற்கு ஏதுவாக தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட பூட்ஸ் கொள்ளும் அளவுக்கு இடம் கிடைத்தது. திடமாக பனிக் கோடரியை ஊன்றுவதால் அது தண்டை தாங்குவதற்கு ஏதுவாக கீழிறங்கியும், இறுக்கிக் கட்டுவதால் அவர்கள் முன்னேறிச் செல்ல ஏதுவாகவும் மற்றும் சௌகரியமாகவும் அமைந்தது. நாற்பது அடி தாண்டும் வரை டென்சிங் பனிக் கோடரியை ஹிலாரி வேலை செய்யும் வரை இறுக்கிப் பிடித்துக் கொள்வார். ஹிலாரியும் மற்றும் டென்சிங்கும் மாறி, மாறி ஒருவருக்கு ஒருவர் உதவியாக வேலையை மாற்றிக் கொண்டனர்.

சிறு பாறைகளின் உதவியோடும் மற்றும் முட்டியையும், கைகளையும் பலம் கொண்ட மட்டும் ஊன்றி, ஹிலாரி பனி படலத்தின் ஊடே அமைந்த துவாரத்தில் பின்னோக்கி நகர்ந்தவண்ணம் இருக்க அந்த பனிப் படலம் உடைந்து விடக்கூடாது என வேண்டிக் கொண்டார். டென்சிங்கின் உதவியுடன் பனிப்படலத்தின் விளிம்பை அடைந்தார். முதன்முறையாக தான் இமயமலையின் உச்சியை அடைவதை எதுவும் தடுக்க முடியாது என்பதை உணர்ந்தார். விரைவில் டென்சிங் மேலெழும்பி வலையில் பிடிபட்ட பெரி மீன் விழுவது போல் விழுந்தார்.

கடினமான கடைசி முயற்சி:
அகன்ற பனிப்பாறைகள் வலப்புறமும், செங்குத்தான பாறைகள் இடப்புறமும் பயமுறுத்தின. ஹிலாரி ஒரு மேடை கடந்தால் மற்றொன்று தோன்றியது. காலம் கடந்து கொண்டிருந்தது. பனிப்பாறையின் விளிம்புகள் முடிவே இல்லாமல் சென்று கொண்டிருந்தன.

எல்லையைப் பிடித்தனர்:
தொடக்கத்தில் இருந்த வேட்கை குறைந்தது. அது கடினமான போராட்டமாகிப் போனது. ஹிலாரி முன்னே படர்ந்த பனி விளிம்பு மேல் நோக்கி எழாமல் கீழே கூர்மையாக தாழ்ந்த வண்ணம் காணப்பட்டது. மேலே குறுகிய பனிப்படலத்தின் விளிம்பு பனிப்பாறையை நோக்கி படர்ந்து இருப்பதைக் கண்டார். ஓரிரு முறை பனிக் கோடரியை பலமாக பனிக்கட்டியில் ஊன்றி ஏறினால் மலை உச்சியை அடைவது நிச்சயம்.

வெற்றியும், வீரர்களின் குதூகலிப்பும்:
இருவருக்கும் பெருத்த நிம்மதி கிடைத்தது. இனி பாறைகளை உடைத்து முன்னேற வேண்டியதோ, ) கடக்கக்கூடிய முகடுகளோ ஆக்ஸிஜனைக் கட்டிக் கொண்டு வெற்றியை நோக்கி அலையவோ வேண்டிய தேவையில்லை.

(Balaclava helmet) பலாக்லாவா தலைக்கவசம், கண்ணாடி, ஆக்ஸிஜன் முகமூடி இவை அனைத்தையும் கூரிய பனிக்கட்டிகள் மறைத்திருக்க, இருப்பினும் பற்களைக் காட்டி சிரிக்கும் வெற்றியின் மகிழ்ச்சி தென்பட்டது. கை குலுக்கி கொண்டார்கள். டென்சிங், ஹிலாரியை கட்டி அணைத்துக் கொண்டார். மூச்சிறைக்க இருவரும் முதுகை தட்டிக் கொடுத்துக் கொண்டனர்.

உச்சியில் இருந்து கண்ட காட்சி:
இமயத்தின் கிழக்கு மார்கமாக, ஆராயப்படாத மற்றும் மலையேறாத வானளாவிய மக்காளு உச்சி தென்பட்டது. வெகு தூரத்தில் மேகங்களிடையே பிரம்மாண்டமாக கஞ்சன்ஜங்கா தொடுவானத்தை தொட்டது. மேற்கு திசையில் ஆராயப்படாத மறப்பான் மலைத் தொடர்கள் வெகு தூரத்திற்கு நீண்டு தொலைந்தன.

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புகைப்படம் அவர்கள் வெற்றியின் அடையாளம்:
வடக்கு மலைத் தொடர்களில் மிக முக்கியத்துவம் வாய்ந்த புகைப்படங்கள் எடுக்கப்பட்டன. அது 1920/1930 ஆம் ஆண்டு மலை ஏறுபவர்களால் பிரசித்தப்படுத்தப்பட்ட வடக்கு கோல் மட்டும் பழைய மலை ஏறும் வழிகள் ஆகியவையே கொண்டிருந்தன.

கடவுளுக்கு அர்ப்பணம்:
புத்தரின் மேல் பக்தி கொண்டவர்கள். உயர்ந்த சிகரம் கடவுளின் இருப்பிடம் என நம்பினர். ஆதலால் கடவுளுக்காக ஒரு சிறிய பரிசை தர விரும்பினர். டென்சிங் பனிக்கட்டியில் துளையிட்டு அதில் சாக்லெட், பிஸ்கெட் மற்றும் மிட்டாய்களை வைத்தார். ஹிலாரி, கர்ணல் ஹண்ட் கொடுத்த சிலுவை ஒன்றை வைத்திருந்தார். அவர் ஹிலாரியிடம் மலை உச்சியை அடைந்ததும் அதை பொதித்து வைக்க சொன்னார். ஹிலாரி பனிக்கட்டியில் துளையிட்டு அந்த திண்பண்டங்களின் பக்கத்தில் சிலுவையையும் பக்தியுடன் நட்டு வைத்தார்

முடிவுரை:
எல்லா சாகசங்களும் உற்சாகமூட்டுவதாக அமைவதில்லை. மலைச் சிகரங்களில் மட்டும் சாகசங்களை நாம் காண்பதில்லை. நடைமுறை வாழ்க்கையில் எல்லா தருணங்களிலும் நாம் எல்லையை தொட வேண்டிய சிகரங்கள் வந்த வண்ணமே உள்ளன. கடவுளின் அருளுடன் மனிதன் எப்பேர்ப்பட்ட உயரத்தையும் அல்லது ஆழத்தையும் சளைக்காத மனப்போக்குடன் தொடலாம் என்பதை அறிந்தோம்.

The Summit Glossary

Textual:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit img-2

Additional:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Prose Chapter 4 The Summit img-3

The Summit Synonyms

Find out the synonym of the underlined word in each of the following sentences. Tenzing crawled into the tent.

Question 1.
Tenzing crawled into the tent.
(a) craved
(b) craned
(c) crashed
(d) crept
Answer:
(d) crept

Question 2.
I dragged our oxygen sets into the tent.
(a) pushed
(b) loaded
(c) pulled
(d) lauded
Answer:
(c) pulled

Question 3.
They were now frozen solid.
(a) soft
(b) rigid
(c) molten
(d) liquid
Answer:
(b) rigid

Question 4.
I cooked them over the fierce flames.
(a) mild
(b) benign
(c) ferocious
(d) sublime
Answer:
(c) ferocious

Question 5.
We hoisted our oxygen gear onto our backs.
(a) hauled up
(b) dropped
(c) swayed
(d) hooked up
Answer:
(a) hauled up

Question 6.
Tenzing kicked steps in a long traverse.
(a) vertical movement
(b) horizontal crossing
(c) diving
(d) jumping
Answer:
(b) horizontal crossing

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Question 7.
We came to a tiny hollow.
(a) peak
(b) sledge
(c) empty space
(d) deep pit
Answer:
(c) empty space

Question 8.
I scraped the ice off the gauges.
(a) melted
(b) applied
(c) saw
(d) scratched
Answer:
(d) scratched

Question 9.
If used sparingly, the newly found cylinders could get us down to south.
(a) lavishly
(b) extravagantly
(c) economically
(d) sufficiently
Answer:
(c) economically

Question 10.
We persisted in our efforts to beat a trail up.
(a) plodded
(b) persevered
(c) prevented
(d) perished
Answer:
(b) persevered

Question 11.
We made frequent changes of the lead.
(a) irregular
(b) intermittent
(c) regular
(d) legal
Answer:
(c) regular

Question 12.
We reached a firmer snow higher up.
(a) milder
(b) softer
(c) fragil
(d) harder
Answer:
(d) harder

Question 13.
A section around me gave way.
(a) firmed up
(b) collapsed
(c) cleared
(d) shook
Answer:
(b) collapsed

Question 14.
We removed our oxygen apparatus.
(a) implement
(b) tool
(c) equipment
(d) mask
Answer:
(c) equipment

Question 15.
Our first bottle of oxygen was now exhausted.
(a) full
(b) filled
(c) exploded
(d) finished
Answer:
(d) finished

Question 16.
The space was large enough for our oversized high altitude boots,
(a) expensive
(b) cozy
(c) height
(d) depth
Answer:
(c) height

Question 17.
We scrambled on the rocks.
(a) slept
(b) slipped
(c) smiled
(d) hurried
Answer:
(d) hurried

Question 18.
We were able to shuffle past these portions.
(a) walk unsteadily
(b) run fast
(c) dive
(d) slide
Answer:
(a) walk unsteadily

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question 19.
I took a firm stance.
(a) chance
(b) act
(c) fact
(d) viewpoint
Answer:
(d) viewpoint

Question 20.
It has just been hauled from the sea.
(a) thrown
(b) preserved
(c) pulled out
(d) put out
Answer:
(c) pulled out

Question 21.
Our original zest had now gone.
(a) indolence
(b) indifference
(c) insight
(d) enthusiasm
Answer:
(c) insight

Question 22.
There were no more humps to tantalize us.
(a) tip
(b) tease
(c) divert
(d) provoke
Answer:
(b) tease

Question 23.
There was no disguising his grin of delight.
(a) concealing
(b) controlling
(c) curbing
(d) curtailing
Answer:
(a) concealing

Question 24.
To the east was our giant neighbour Makalu unexplored.
(a) unnoticed
(b) unnerved
(c) undiscovered
(d) unruffled
Answer:
(c) undiscovered

Question 25.
The great bulk of Kanchenjunga loomed on the horizon.
(a) soothed
(b) reassured
(c) reaffirmed
(d) reaffirmed
Answer:
(d) reaffirmed

Question 26.
All devout Buddhists believe that at least a token gift must be given to God.
(a) addicted
(b) devastated
(c) dedicated
(d) delirious
Answer:
(c) dedicated

Question 27.
We cautiously scrambled over the rock.
(a) casually
(b) recklessly
(c) gracefully
(d) carefully
Answer:
(d) carefully

Question 28.
We set ourselves to the task of safely descending the ridge of South Col.
(a) disagreeing
(b) dissenting
(c) climbing down
(d) dissecting
Answer:
(c) climbing down

Question 29.
The tents flapped and shook under the perpetual South Col gale.
(a) transitory
(b) makeshift
(c) never ending
(d) rare
Answer:
(c) never ending

Question 30.
John Hunt led the expedition.
(a) picnic
(b) purposeful journey
(c) excursion
(d) tour
Answer:
(b) purposeful journey

The Summit Antonyms

Find out the antonym of the underlined word in each of the following sentences.

Question 1.
They were now frozen solid.
(a) concrete
(b) firm
(c) thick
(d) liquid
Answer:
(d) liquid

Question 2.
I cooked them over the fierce flames.
(a) rude
(b) tough
(c) gentle/mild
(d) cruel
Answer:
(c) gentle/mild

Question 3.
My feet were now warm.
(a) hot
(b) cozy
(c) chill
(d) comfortable
Answer:
(c) chill

Question 4.
The bottle of oxygen was now exhausted.
(a) emptied
(b) finished
(c) completed
(a) filled
Answer:
(b) finished

Question 5.
They wear over-sized high altitude boots.
(a) depth
(b) sound
(c) light
(d) height
Answer:
(a) depth

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question 6.
I felt a sense of freedom.
(a) liberty
(b) fraternity
(c) equality
(d) slavery
Answer:
(d) slavery

Question 7.
It was a great thrill to look down at this enormous rock.
(a) huge
(b) large
(c) tiny
(d) colossal
Answer:
(c) tiny

Question 8.
With effort could muster my arms and shoulder.
(a) gather
(b) collect
(c) give
(d) lose
Answer:
(d) lose

Question 9.
Makalu was unexplored.
(a) expedited
(b) explored
(c) explained
(d) expelled
Answer:
(b) explored

Question 10.
Buddhists believe that God lives in lofty summits.
(a) high
(b) colossal
(c) enormous
(d) lowly
Answer:
(d) lowly

Question 11.
We scrambled cautiously.
(a) carefully
(b) meticulously
(c) carelessly
(d) teasingly
Answer:
(c) carelessly

Question 12.
We set about descending from the ridge.
(a) dissenting
(b) ascending
(c) condescending
(d) stooping
Answer:
(b) ascending

Question 13.
We cramponed along our tracks spurred by the urgency of diminishing oxygen.
(a) aroused
(b) animated
(c) propelled
(d) calmed
Answer:
(d) calmed

Question 14.
With a sigh of delight, we collapsed into our sleeping bags.
(a) joy
(b) bliss
(c) sorrow
(d) contentment
Answer:
(c) sorrow

Question 15.
Their happiness and pride showed.
(a) egoism
(b) egotism
(c) gratification
(d) humility
Answer:
(d) humility

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

Students can Download Maths Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

Question 1.
Find the product of the following
(i) 0.5 × 3
(ii) 3.75 × 6
(iii) 50.2 × 4
(iv) 0.03 × 9
(v) 453.03 × 7
(vi) 4 × 0.7
Solution:
(i) 0.5 × 3
5 × 3 = 15
∴ 0.5 × 3 = 1.5

(ii) 3.75 × 6
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 1
375 × 6 = 2250
3.75 × 6 = 22.50

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

(iii) 50.2 × 4
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 2
502 × 4 = 2008
50.2 × 4 = 200.8

(iv) 0.03 × 9
3 × 9 = 27
0.03 × 9 = 0.27

(v) 453.03 × 7
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 3
45303 × 7 = 317121
453.03 × 7 = 3171.21

(vi) 4 × 0.7
4 × 7 = 28
4 × 0.7 = 2.8

Question 2.
Find the area of the parallelogram whose base is 6.8 cm and height is 3.5 cm.
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 4
Base of the parallelogram b = 6.8 cm
Height of the parallelogram h = 3.5 cm
Area of the parallelogram A = b × h sq.units = 6.8 × 3.5 cm2
Area of the parallelogram = 23.80 cm2

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

Question 3.
Find the area of the rectangle whose length is 23.7 cm and breadth is 15.2 cm.
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 5
Length of the rectangle l = 23.7 cm
Breadth of the rectangle b= 15.2 cm
Area of the rectangle A = l × b sq.units
= 23.7 × 15.2 cm2
Area of the rectangle = 360.24 cm2

Question 4.
Multiply the following

  1. 2.57 × 10
  2. 0.51 × 10
  3. 125.367 × 100
  4. 34.51 × 100
  5. 62.735 × 100
  6. 0.7 × 10
  7. 0.03 × 100
  8. 0.4 × 1000

Solution:

  1. 2.57 × 10 = 25.7
  2. 0.51 × 10 = 5.1
  3. 125.367 × 100 = 12536.7
  4. 34.51 × 100 = 3451
  5. 62.735 × 100 = 6273.5
  6. 0.7 × 10 = 7.0
  7. 0.03 × 100 = 3
  8. 0.4 × 1000 = 400

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

Question 5.
A wheel of a baby cycle covers 49.7 cm in one rotation. Find the distance covered in 10 rotations.
Solution:
Length covered in 1 rotation = 49.7 cm
Length covered in 10 rotations = 49.7 × 10 cm = 497 cm

Question 6.
A picture chart costs ₹ 1.50. Radha wants to buy 20 charts to make an album. How much does she have to pay?
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 6
Cost of 1 chart = ₹ 1.50
Cost of 20 charts = ₹ 1.50 × 20 = ₹ 30.00
Cost of 20 charts = ₹ 30

Question 7.
Find the product of the following.
(i) 3.6 × 0.3
(ii) 52.3 × 0.1
(iii) 537.4 × 0.2
(iv) 0.6 × 0.06
(v) 62.2 × 0.23
(vi) 1.02 × 0.05
(vii) 10.05 × 1.05
(viii) 101.01 × 0.01
(ix) 100.01 × 1.1
Solution:
(i) 3.6 × 0.3
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 7
36 × 3 = 108
3.6 × 0.3 = 1.08

(ii) 52.3 × 0.1
523 × 1 = 523
52.3 × 0.1 = 5.23

(iii) 537.4 × 0.2
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 8
5374 × 2 = 10748
537.4 × 0.2 = 107.48

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

(iv) 0.6 × 0.06
6 × 6 = 36
0.6 × 0.06 = 0.036

(v) 62.2 × 0.23
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 9
622 × 23 = 14306
62.2 × 0.23 = 14.306

(vi) 1.02 × 0.05
102 × 5 = 510
1.02 × 0.05 = 0.0510

(vii) 10.05 × 1.05
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.3 10
1005 × 105 = 105525
10.05 × 1.05 = 10.5525

(viii) 101.01 × 0.01
10101 × 1 = 10101
101.01 × 0.01 = 1.0101

(ix) 100.01 × 1.1
1001 × 11 = 110011
100.01 × 1.1 = 110.011

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
1.07 × 0.1 _______
(i) 1.070
(ii) 0.107
(iii) 10.70
(iv) 11.07
Answer:
(ii) 0.107
Hint:
107 × 1 = 107
1.07 × 0.1 = 0.107

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

Question 2.
2.08 × 10 = ______
(i) 20.8
(ii) 208.0
(iii) 0.208
(iv) 280.0
Answer:
(i) 20.8
Hint:
208 × 10 = 2080
2.08 × 10 = 20.80 = 20.8

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.3

Question 3.
A frog jumps 5.3 cm in one jump. The distance travelled by the frog in 10 jumps is _______
(i) 0.53 cm
(ii) 530 cm
(iii) 53.0 cm
(iv) 53.5 cm
Answer:
(iii) 53.0 cm
Hint:
53 × 10 = 530
5.3 × 10 = 53.0

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Additional Questions

Students can Download Maths Chapter 1 Number System Additional Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Additional Questions

Additional Questions and Answers

Exercise 1.1

Question 1.
Match the following:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 1
Solution:
1 – (v)
2 – (iv)
3 – (i)
4 – (iii)
5 – (ii)

Question 2.
Round 89.357 to the nearest whole number.
Solution:
Underlining the digit to be rounded 89.357. Since the digit next to the underlined digit 3 which is less than 5, the underlined digit remains the same.
∴ The nearest whole number 89.357 rounds to 89.

Question 3.
Round 110.929 to the nearest tenths place.
Solution:
Underlining the digit to be rounded 110.929. Since the digit next to the underlined digit is 2 which is less than 5.
∴ The underlined digit 9 remains the same. Hence the rounded number is 110.9

Question 4.
Round 87.777 upto 2 places of decimal.
Solution:
Rounding 87.777 upto 2 places of decimal means round to the nearest hundredths place. Underlining the digit in the hundredth place of 87.777 gives 87.777. Since the digit after the hundredth place value is 7 which is more than 5, we add 1 to the underlined digit. So the rounded value of 87.777 upto 2 places of decimal is 87.78

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Additional Questions

Exercise 1.2

Question 1.
If Sheela bought 2.083 kg of grapes and 3.752 kg of orange. What is the total weight of fruits
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 2
Weight of grapes = 2.083 Kg
Weight of orange = 2.752 Kg
Total weight = (2.083 + 2.752) Kg = 4.835 Kg

Question 2.
Kathir bought 8.72 kg of sugar, 7.302 kg of grains. His carry bag can contain only 15 kg of weight. What is the remaining weight of items bought?
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 3

Question 3.
Use place value grid to add 7.357 and 13.92.
Solution:
Let as use place value grid.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 4

Exercise 1.3

Question 1.
Cost of 1m cloth is ₹ 6.75. Find the cost of 14.75m correct to two places of decimal.
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 5
Cost of 1 m cloth = ₹ 6.75
Cost of 14.75 m cloth = 14.75 × 6.75
= ₹ 99.5625
= ₹ 99.56

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Additional Questions

Question 2.
Length of a side of a square is 18.35 cm. Find its Area.
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 6
Side of a square = 18.35 cm
Area of a square = (Side × Side) sq.units
= 18.35 × 18.35 cm2
= 336.7225 cm2

Exercise 1.4

Question 1.
A wire of length 363.987m is cut into 30 pieces. What is the length of each piece?
Solution:
Length of the wire = 363.987m
i.e Total length of 30 pieces = \(\frac { 363987 }{ 1000 } \) m
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 7
∴ Length of 1 piece
= 12132.9 × \(\frac { 1 }{ 1000 } \)
Length of 1 piece of wire = 12.1329 m

Question 2.
A cake of 50kg needs 23.4 kg sugar. Find the weight of cake made by 1 kg of sugar.
Solution:
Weight of cake made using 23.4 kg sugar = 50 kg
Weight of cake made using 1 kg sugar = \(\frac { 50 }{ 23.4 } \)
= \(\frac { 50 }{ 23.4 } \) x \(\frac { 10 }{ 10 } \) = \(\frac { 500 }{ 234 } \) = 2.1367 Kg
= 2.14 Kg
Weight of cake made using 1 kg sugar = 2.14 Kg

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Additional Questions

Question 3.
A pack of 20 pencils cost ₹ 94.4. What is the cost of each pencil?
Solution:
Cost of 20 pencils = ₹ 94.4
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System add 8
∴ Cost of 1 pencil = ₹ 4.72

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1

Students can Download Maths Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Online or television advertisements influence on spending decisions by
(a) using special music
(b) making me think I need the item
(c) using attractive pictures
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 2.
When I go shopping, I will buy
(a) something that looks attractive
(b) something my friend has
(c) something that I need to purchase
(d) the first thing I see in the store
Answer:
(c) something that I need to purchase

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1

Question 3.
The best shopping choice is
(a) always shop at brand name stores
(b) compare the choices before buying
(c) the same thing my friends bought
(d) always buy at a regular shop
Answer:
(b) compare the choices before buying

II. Say true or false:

Question 1.
Wise consumers take time to compare two or three shops before spending money.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Taking time to analyse advertisements cannot save money when shopping.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
One cannot shop on double and triple coupon discounts in available days.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Every time one must make a shopping list and stick on within his/her budget.
Answer:
False

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1

III. Find the best buy of the following purchases:

(i) A pack of 5 chocolate bars for ₹ 175 or 3 chocolate bars for ₹ 114?
(ii) Basker buy 1 1/2 dozen of eggs for ₹ 81 and Aruna buy 15 eggs for ₹ 64.5?
Solution:
(i)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 1
Best buy is a pack of 5 chocolate bars for ₹ 175.

(ii)
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 2
Best buy is 15 eggs for ₹ 64.5

Question 4.
Using the given picture find the total special offer price of fresh sweets and bakery products to buy 1/2 kg laddu, 1 kg cake, 6 pockets of bread.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 80

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 4

Question 5.
Using given picture prepare a price list.
Suppose you plan to buy 1 1/2 kg of apple, 2 kg of pomegranate, 2 kg of banana, 3 kg of mango, 1/2 kg of papaya, 3 kg of onion, 1 1/2 kg of tomato, and 1 kg of carrot in shop 1, how much will you save compared to shop 2.
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 90
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 6
Price in shop 2 – Shop 1 = 715 – 675.75 = ₹ 39.25
We can save ₹ 39.25 in shop 1 compared to shop 2.

Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1

Question 6.
When you plan to buy a shirt, one shop offers a discount of ₹ 200 on MRP ₹ 1000 and another shop offers 15% discount on the same MRP. Where would you buy?
Solution:
Price in Ist shop = ₹ 1000 – ₹ 200 = ₹ 800
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 7

Question 7.
Amazing park is offers a package deal of 5 entrance passes for ₹ 130. If one entrance pass normally costs ₹ 30, how much will you save by taking advantage of this special deal?
Solution:
Cost of one entrance pass = ₹ 30
∴ Cost of 5 entrance passes = 5 × 30 = ₹ 150
But special deal price = ₹ 130
Amount of saving = 150 – 130 = ₹ 20

Question 8.
Consider that you are going to buy the toys that are given below in the price list. Prepare a comparison price chart table and find where will you get the best offer price and also find how much you save?
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 8
[The amount to the nearest rupee as ₹ 789.84 is rounded off to ₹ 790]
Solution:
Samacheer Kalvi 8th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 5 Information Processing Ex 5.1 9
By shopping at Toys & Trades mart we can save ₹ 512 (4328 – 3816) then Golden toys in Toys & Trades mart we get the best price.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage

Students can Download English Poem 3 All the World’s a Stage Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Get a Practical Study with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar to make learning language much easy for you and score good grades in exams.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage

Warm Up

This is Life Cycle of butterfly.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage img-1

Question 1.
Discuss with your partner the different stages in the grow th of man from a new born to an adult.
Answer:
An infant pukes on the mother’s arms. As he is unable to articulate his needs, he keeps on crying like a kitten. Then he goes to school giving up his freedom. He is made to learn things he doesn’t want to learn. Then he becomes an adult hopelessly in love. He wastes his purple youth writing love letters or songs admiring the beauty of his love. Some join army or police force to serve the nation. At the peak of adulthood, they are quite touchy about honour and believe it to be more important than life itself.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English All the World’s a Stage Textual Questions

1. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box to complete the summary of the poem.

attention treble reluctantly
actors maturity reputation
serious faculties composing
enter promises dependent

Shakespeare considers the whole world a stage where men and women are only (1) _____ They (2) _____ the stage when they are borm and exit when they die. Every man, during his life time; plays seven roles based on age. In the first act, as an infant, he is wholly (3) _____ on the mother or a nurse. Later, emerging as a school child, he slings his bag over his shoulder and creeps most (4) _____ to school. His next act is that of a lover, busy (5) _____ ballads for his beloved and yearns for her (6) _____ In the fourth stage, he is aggressive and ambitious and seeks (7) _____ in all that he does. He (8) _____ solemnly to guard his country and becomes a soldier. As he grows older, with (9) _____ and wisdom, he becomes a fair judge. During this stage, he is firm and (10) _____ In the sixth act, he is seen with loose pantaloons and spectacles. His manly voice changes into a childish (11) _____ The last scene of all is his second childhood. Slowly, he loses his (12) _____ of sight, hearing, smell and taste and exits from the roles of his life.
Answer:

  1. actors
  2. enter
  3. dependent
  4. reluctantly
  5. composing
  6. attention
  7. reputation
  8. promises
  9. maturity
  10. serious
  11. treble
  12. faculties

2. From your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two.

Question (a)
What is the world compared to?
Answer:
The world is compared to a stage.

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Question (b)
“And they have their exits and their entrances” – What do the words ‘exits’ and ‘entrances’ mean?
Answer:
‘Entrances’ means life. ‘Exits means death.

Question (c)
What is the first stage of a human’s life?
Answer:
The first stage of a human’s life is an infant, he is wholly dependent on the mother.

Question (d)
Describe the second stage of life as depicted by Shakespeare.
Answer:
The second stage is the schoolboy. The boy goes to school with a heavy heart like a snail.

Question (e)
How does a man play a lover’s role?
Answer:
When he turns into a lover, his lover is the only person he sees dancing in front of his eyes. For him, there is absolutely no other place that can comfort him, then the eyebrow of his lover.

Question (f)
Bring out the features of the fourth stage of a man as described by the poet.
Answer:
In the fourth stage, man becomes aggressive and ambitious and seeks glory in all his pursuits. He is ready to enter the mouth of the cannon for a moment of glory.

Question (g)
When does a man become a judge? How?
Answer:
In the fifth stage, man grows mature and wise. He becomes an impartial judge. He is firm and serious about his opinions.

Question (h)
Which stage of man’s life is associated with the ‘shrunk shank’?
Answer:
The sixth stage of man’s life is associated with the ‘shrunk shank’.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (i)
Why is the last stage called a second childhood?
Answer:
When he enters old age, he turns into a child again. Slowly, he loses his teeth, his eyesight, the taste in his mouth, and the love or greed for everything that he once wanted in his life.

3. Explain the following lines briefly with reference to the context.

Question (a)
“They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says this while hinting at the beginning and the end of life. The poet divides man’s life into seven stages. The first stage symbolizes birth and the last stage of death. So, he uses the words “entrances and exits”.

Question (b)
‘‘Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation”.
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the fourth stage when the young man becomes a soldier and runs after short-lived glory. He has an inflated sense of honour and ready to insist on duels to settle matters touching his honour. He does not realize that the reputation he seeks is short-lived like a bubble.

Question (c)
“Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says this while man gets ready to leave this world (i.e.) the last stage of his life on this lonely planet. In this stage, man becomes totally forgetful. He loses his teeth, eyesight and taste. He loses all his senses of perception. Like a baby, he can’t do anything on his own. So, the poet calls this stage “second childhood” when the old man behaves in a childish manner.

Additional Questions

Explain the following lines briefly with reference to the context.

Question (a)
“His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms;”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the first seven stages of life on the stage (i.e.) earth. The first stage/Act is infancy. The babe vomits on the arms of the nurse and cries like a kitten.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (b)
“All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while philosophizing and classifying stages of life. The poet compares the world to a stage. All men and women are simply actors playing different roles in different stages of life.

Question (c)
“Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like a snail’
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the second stage of life. During boyhood, the schoolboy goes to school reluctantly at snail speed with a heavy heart. In ‘Romeo and Juliet’, Shakespeare compares a schoolboy going to school like a lover going away from his lady love with a heavy heart.

Question (d)
“Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow.”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage’ written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the third stage of life when he becomes a lover. At this stage, he yearns for the attention of his lady love. He composes ballads expressing his agony caused by unrequitted love. He sings songs praising the beauty of his mistress trying to win her heart.

Question (e)
“Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth.”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage” written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the fourth stage of life. In this stage, Youngman becomes a soldier. He is quick to anger and attaches great importance to honour. He is ready to lay down his life for the fleeting bubble of reputation.

Question (f)
“…And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin’d,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage” written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the fifth stage of life. At this stage, he behaves like a judge pronouncing his decisive opinions with the modem instances. He quotes wise maxims from his own life experiences to influence other people. He is fond of eating delicacies unmindful of the protruding belly size.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (g)
“And so he plays his part The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper ’dpantaloon,”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage” written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the impact of ageing on physical appearance. In the sixth stage, he becomes old, thin, and unsteady.

Question (h)
“His youthful hose, well said, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage” written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words to describe the unsuitability of one’s own dress as one advance in years. As the young man turns old, his legs become thin and his trousers become very loose giving easy access to legs but tough to wear as the waistline has also thinned. His manly voice has become feeble. When he speaks, it looks like a child piping up his dreams.

Question (i)
“…Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘All the world’s a stage” written by William Shakespeare.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the preparedness of the old man in the last stage of life to exit from this lonely planet. The poet beautifully says the “eventful history” (i.e.) life which was spiced up with many interesting things is now coming to a dramatic close. The eternal jewel of life, ‘the soul’, is going to depart the body which had kept it imprisoned for long. The soul celebrates the joy of freedom in death.

Appreciate The Poem

4. Read the poem once again carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used in each of the following lines from the poem.

“All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,

Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms;
Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school. And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,

Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin’d,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slipper’d pantaloon,
Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage img-2
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side;
His youthful hose, well sav’d, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.”

Question (a)
“All the world’s a stage”
Answer:
Metaphor

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Question (b)
“And all the men and women merely players”
Metaphor

Question (c)
“And shining morning face, creeping like snail’
Simile

Question (d)
“Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,”
Answer:
Simile

Question (e)
“Seeking the bubble reputation”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (f)
“His youthful hose, well sav’d, a world too wide”
Answer:
Alliteration

Question (g)
“and his big manly voice, Turning again toward childish treble”
Answer:
Metaphor

5.Pick out the words in ‘alliteration’ in the following lines,

Question (a)
“and all the men and women merely players”
Answer:
and all the men and women merely players

Question (b)
“And one man in his time plays many parts”
Answer:
And one man in his time plays many parts

Question (c)
“Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in a quarrel ”
Answer:
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel.

6. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow.

(a) “Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school ”

Question (i)
Which stage of life is being referred to here by the poet?
Answer:
Boyhood is referred to here.

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Question (ii)
What are the characteristics of this stage?
Answer:
Innocence, joy, and care-free life are the characteristics of this stage in life.

Question (iii)
How does the boy go to school?
Answer:
The boy goes to school unwillingly. He is slow like a snail.

Question (iv)
Which figure of speech has been employed in the second line?
Answer:
A simile is employed in the second line.

(b) “Then a soldier,
full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation Even in the cannon’s mouth.

Question (i)
What is the soldier ready to do?
Answer:
The soldier is ready to lay down his life.

Question (ii)
Explain ‘bubble reputation’.
Answer:
Reputation is a transitory thing. It doesn’t even last a minute like the life of a bubble.

Question (iii)
What are the distinguishing features of this stage?
In this stage, the youthful soldier attaches great value to honour. He is quick to temper and challenges people to fight for the sake of honour. He often swears to assert his valour.

(c) “And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin’d,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;’’’’

Question (i)
Whom does justice refer to?
Answer:
Justice refers to man in his fifth stage when he becomes critical of everyone else’s opinion in life.

Question (ii)
Describe his appearance.
Answer:
He has a potbelly and is fond of eating delicacies.

Question (iii)
How does he behave with the people around him?
Answer:
His eyes are severe. He often gives advice to people.

Question (iv)
What does he do to show his wisdom?
Answer:
To show his wisdom, he often quotes modem examples and words of wisdom.

Additional Questions

Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow.

(a) “All the world’s a stage
And all the men and women merely players:
They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.”

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (i)
What are all the men and women of this world?
Answer:
The men and women of the world are just like players on the stage of life.

Question (ii)
Explain: ‘They have their exits and their entrances’.
Answer:
They take birth and enter the world. They die and depart from the world.

Question (iii)
How many parts does every man enact and play?
Answer:
Every man enacts and plays seven different roles in life.

Question (iv)
Why is this world compared to a stage?
Answer:
This world is like a big stage where men and women are ever busy in playing their respective roles.

(b) “At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms.
Then the whining schoolboy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school.”

Question (i)
What does a man do in the first stage of life?
Answer:
In the first stage of life, man plays the role of an infant. He is always crying and vomiting in the nurse’s arms.

Question (ii)
Does the schoolboy show eagerness to go to school?
Answer:
No, the schoolboy doesn’t show any interest in going to school. Rather he is unwilling to go there.

Question (iii)
How does the schoolboy walk up to his school?
Answer:
He is inching slowly and unwillingly like a snail towards his school.

Question (iv)
Explain, ‘Mewling and pucking’.
Answer:
It means crying and vomiting.

(c) “And then the lover,
Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow.”

Question (i)
What is the third stage of life?
The third stage of a man’s life is that of a lover.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (ii)
What is the poetic device used in the second line?
Answer:
‘Simile’ is used as a poetic device in the second line.

Question (iii)
What does the lover do for his mistress?
Answer:
The lover is always sighing and longing for his beloved. He writes a sad ballad describing the eyebrow of his mistress.

Question (iv)
Explain, ‘sighing like a furnace’.
Answer:
It means moaning, breathing deeply and sadly like a fireplace.

(d) “Then a soldier.
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation.
Even in the cannon’s mouth.”

Question (i)
Describe the two traits of a soldier.
Answer:
A soldier is always ready to swear and is full of oaths. He is ever ready to compete for honour and glory.

Question (ii)
What is the poetic device used in ‘bearded like a pard’?
Answer:
The poet uses a simile for comparison.

Question (iii)
Why does the soldier risk his life and what for?
Answer:
The soldier risks his life a momentary reputation and is ready even to enter the cannon’s mouth.

Question (iv)
How is the soldier bearded?
Answer:
He is bearded like a pard or a leopard.

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(e) “The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side,
His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound.’’

Question (i)
What is a ‘lean and slippered pantaloon’?
Answer:
It means a thin old man wearing slippers and loose trousers.

Question (ii)
What does the phrase ‘a world too wide’ here mean?
Answer:
The stockings he bought in his youth have become too loose for his shrunk and thin legs.

Question (iii)
How does the ‘mainly voice’ turn into ‘childish’ in the sixth stage of life?
Answer:
His manly voice turns into childish trebles and whistles when he speaks as he has no teeth in his mouth.

Question (iv)
What is the sixth stage of man’s life?
Answer:
In the sixth stage of life man plays the role of a ‘lean and slippered pantaloon’.

(f) “Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.”

Question (i)
What is the last scene of a man’s life?
Answer:
The last scene that ends man’s eventual life is a ‘second-childishness’. In this stage, he appears and behaves like a child.

Question (ii)
Why is the last stage of man has been called a ‘second childishness’?
Answer:
The last stage of man’s life has been called a ‘second childishness’ as man’s appearance and activities in this stage are quite similar to those of a child.

Question (iii)
How is the last stage of man’s life a ‘mere oblivion’?
Answer:
The last stage of life is a ‘mere oblivion’ as old age is another stage of forgetfulness.

Question (iv)
Explain ‘eventful history’.
Answer:
It means the life-long history of a man full of interesting incidents and experiences.

7. Complete the table based on your understanding of the poem.

Stage Characteristic
crying
judge
soldier
unhappy
second childhood
whining
old man

Answer:

Stage Characteristic
Baby (first stage) crying
judge Firm and serious
soldier Aggressive and Ambitious
Lover unhappy
second childhood Loses senses
Boyhood (school) whining
old man Wise and judges others

8. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in about 100 – 150 words each. You may add your own ideas if required, to present and justify your point of view.

Question (а)
Describe the various stages of a man’s life picturised in the poem “All the World’s a stage.”
Answer:
Shakespeare has beautifully portrayed this world as a huge open theatre wherein all humans play seven acts/ages. In the first act, he is a helpless infant puking on the nurse’s arms mewling like a kitten. In the second stage, he is the grumbling/whining school student. He moves to school like a snail/unwillingly with his slate and bag. In the third Act, he is a lover sighing and yearning for the attention of his lady love.

He composes romantic ballads complaining his love that he needs a better deal. In the fourth Act, he becomes a quick-tempered soldier, aggressive and ambitious, ready to stake his life for the sake of bubble reputation. As he matures, he becomes a wise judge of contemporary life quoting wise maxims to endorse his opinion. He is firm and serious. In the sixth act, his stout legs become thin making his trousers of youth unsuitable. Thin and lean legs easily travel through them but are unable to stay due to a slimmed waist. His bass voice has become treble like that of a child. In the last act, he is sans teeth, sanys eyes, sans taste, and sans everything (i.e.) loses all senses. He departs the world.

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Question (b)
Shakespeare has skillfully brought out the parallels between the life of man and actors on stage. Elaborate this statement with reference to the poem.
Answer:
Shakespeare has beautifully compared the growth of humans by stages with his emergent role during that stage. In the first stage, a man plays the role of an infant. As an infant, he does represent the characterization of mewling and puking. In the second Act, he does the role of a schoolboy with the characteristics of unwillingness to go to school and innocence shining in his face. In the third Act, he performs the role of a lover’s head over heels in love with a beautiful lady. He composes woeful romantic ballads and sings serenades to impress his love. In the fourth act, he plays the impressive role of a short-tempered, honor pursuing soldier.

He is ready to put his mouth in the Cannon’s mouth for conquering the bubble-like honor in order to defend the territory of his country. In the fifth Act, he performs the role of a mature and fair judge criticizing the ways of the world often spicing up his conversations with wise remarks and wit. His potbelly and well-cut beard show the social status he enjoys in life. In the sixth act, he is old. He performs the role of a thin old man wearing ill-fitting loose garments with a changed treble in his voice. He is bespectacled and slow in walking. In the final act, he becomes a total invalid losing all senses of hearing, taste, and sight. Then the performer leaves the stage (i.e.) the lonely planet.

Speaking Activity

Shakespeare describes the characteristics of the various stages of man. You are in the second stage of life. What do you think of your roles and responsibilities at this stage? Discuss with your partner and share your ideas with the class.
Answer:
At school age, imagination takes wings. Inquisitiveness is common among my peers. Parents, society, and teachers want us only to study. But we need to explore the world around us. At home, it is our responsibility to keep our things in order. We need to assist the perennial worker, we mean, our moms in completing their domestic chores. Occasionally, we shall take care of siblings too not as work but as a duty towards a family member who will be a lifelong companion to us.

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Listening Activity

Listen to the poem and fill in the blanks with appropriate words and phrases. If required listen to the poem again.

The World Is Too Much with Us
The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers; Little we see in Nature that is ours; We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon, The winds that will be howling at all hours, And are up- gathered now like sleeping flowers,

For this, for everything, we are out of tune; It moves us not. – Great God! I’d rather be A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn; So might I, standing on this pleasant lea, Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn; Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.

The World Is Too Much with Us:
The world is too much with us; late and soon
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers
Little we see in (1) ______ that is ours;
We have given (2) ______ away, a sordid boon!
This Sea that bares her bosom (3) ______
(4) ______ that will be howling at all hours,
And are up-gathered now like (5) ______
,For this, for everything, we are (6) ______ ;
It (7) ______ . us not. Great God! I’d rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;
So might I, standing on this pleasant lea
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
Have sight of Proteus rising (8) ______
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.
Answers:

  1. Nature
  2. our hearts
  3. to the moon
  4. The winds
  5. sleeping flowers
  6. out of tune
  7. moves
  8. from the sea

All the World’s a Stage About The Poet

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage img-3

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a prolific writer during the Elizabethan and Jacobean ages of British theatre (sometimes called the English Renaissance). Shakespeare’s plays are perhaps his most enduring legacy. Shakespeare’s poems remain popular to this day. Shakespeare’s rich and diverse works have spawned countless adaptations across multiple genres and cultures. His writings have been compiled in various iterations of The Complete Works of William Shakespeare. William Shakespeare continues to be one of the most important literary7 figures of the English language.

All the World’s a Stage Summary in English

Introduction
‘All the world’s a stage’ is an extract from the play ‘As you like it’, a romantic comedy by Shakespeare.

A metaphor defining the world
Shakespeare claims this world as a stage in a theatre. All men and women are only actors. The stage has both exits and entrances. Similarly, men and women take birth and enter the world. They live their lives and go out of it when they die. Every man plays seven emergent roles and lives through seven stages of life.

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Infancy and boyhood
The birth of an infant begins the first stage of a man’s life. The infant cries and vomits on the arms of his nurse. Then he grows into a school-going boy. He is unwilling to go to school. He moves towards school at a snail’s speed.

Thirst for love and glory
In the third stage, a man plays the role of a lover. He sighs like a furnace. He keeps on writing ballads praising the beauty of the eyes of his beloved. The fourth stage is that of a soldier. He keeps a beard like that of a leopard. He always runs after honor and fame. He is ready even to enter a cannon’s mouth just for momentary glory and bubble of reputation.

Wisdom and failing health
In the fifth stage, a man plays the role of justice. He is fond of eating chicken and develops a fat round belly. He is full of wise sayings and modem instances. He is a man of wisdom and knowledge. In the sixth stage, the man becomes weak and thin in body. He wears slippers, spectacles, and clothes that he bought when he was young. These pants and stockings have become loose for his shrunk and thin legs.

Second childhood
The seventh stage is the ‘second childhood’. In this stage, the man becomes very old and starts behaving like a child. He is left with no teeth and becomes weak in eyesight. Actually, he loses taste and becomes a victim of forgetfulness. The poet describes this helpless state as “Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste and sans everything” nicely. Then the man departs from this world.

Conclusion
Shakespeare condenses the life of man beautifully and portrays it well. The revisit of childhood in old age proves his profound understanding of human life.

All the World’s a Stage Summary in Tamil

முன்னுரை
‘All the World’s a stage’ (‘உலகம் ஒரு நாடக மேடை’) என்ற கவிதை சேக்ஸ்பியரின் ‘As you like it’, என்ற | நகைச்சுவை கலந்த கற்பனை கதையின் ஒரு சாரம் ஆகும்.

உலகம் ஒரு நாடக மேடை:
சேக்ஸ்பியர் உலகத்தை ஒருநாடக மேடையாகக் கருதுகிறார். அதில் அனைத்து ஆணும், பெண்ணும் நடிகர்களே. இந்த நாடக மேடையின் உள்ளே வரவும் வெளியே செல்லவும் வழிகள் உள்ளன. அதே போல தான் மனிதன் பிறந்து இந்த உலகத்துக்கு வருகிறான். அவனது வாழ்நாளை வாழ்ந்துவிட்டு வெளியே போய்விடுகிறான். ஒவ்வொரு மனிதனும் ஏழு கதாபாத்திரங்களாக வாழ்க்கை மேடையில் நடிக்கிறான்.

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குழந்தை பருவமும், விடலைப் பருவமும்:
குழந்தை பருவமே மனிதனின் முதல் பாகம் ஆகும். வாந்தியும், அழுகையுமாக முதல் பாகம் செவிலிப் பெண் தோளில் இருக்கிறான். பிறகு பள்ளிப் பருவம் அடைகிறான். பள்ளிக்கூடம் போக மனமில்லாது இருக்கிறான். பள்ளிக்கூடத்தை நோக்கி நத்தை போல் நகர்கிறான்.

காதல், புகழ் என ஈர்ப்புக்குள்ளாகிறான்:
மூன்றாம் பாகத்தில் காதலனாக கதாபாத்திரம் ஏற்கிறான். எரியும் அடுப்பைப் போன்று குமுறுகிறான். தன் காதலியின் கண்களைக் குறித்து கவிதை மழை பொழிகிறான். நான்காம் பாகத்தில் சிப்பாய் வேடம் ஏற்கிறான். சிறுத்தை போன்று மீசையை வளர்த்துக் கொள்கிறான். பேர் மற்றும் புகழின் பின்னால் ஓடுகிறான். தற்காலிக பேருக்கும், புகழுக்கும் ஆசைப்பட்டு பீரங்கி | வாயினுள் நுழையவும் தயாராக இருக்கிறான்.

அறிவு முதிர்ச்சியும், குன்றும் ஆரோக்கியமும்:
ஐந்தாம் பாகத்தில் தானே ஒரு நீதிபதி ஆகிறான். கோழி மாமிசத்தின் பால் ஆவல் கொண்டு அதை உண்டு பெரிய தொப்பையுடன் தோன்றுகிறான். அறிவு முதிர்ச்சியுடனும், புதுப் பொலிவுடனும் தோன்றுகிறான். அறிவும் ஆற்றலுமுடையவனாய்த் திகழ்கிறான். ஆறாம் பாகத்தில் உடல் வலுவிழந்து சோர்வடைகிறான், ஒல்லி வடிவமாய், காலில் செருப்புமாய் ஒரு சிரிப்பு நடிகனைப் போல் தோற்றமளிக்கிறான். இளம் வயதில் அணிந்த கண்ணாடியும், துணிகளும், செருப்பும் அணிந்து கொள்கிறான். சுருங்கிய தோல்களுக்கும், ஒல்லியான கால்களுக்கும் இந்த உடையும், செருப்பும் தொள தொளவென காணப்படுகின்றன.

இரண்டாம் குழந்தை பருவம்:
ஏழாம் பருவம் இரண்டாவது குழந்தை பருவம் எனலாம். இந்த பாகத்தில் மிகவும் வயது முதிர்ந்த ஒரு குழந்தையின் இயலாமைத் தனத்தை செயல்பாட்டில் காட்டுகிறான். பற்களை இழந்து, கண் பார்வைக் குன்றிப் போகிறான். குழந்தையின் குரல் போல் மாறி, குரல் ஒரு விசில் சத்தமாய் மாறுகிறது. இது கடைசி அத்தியாயம் எனலாம். அவனின் அதிசயமான பரப்பரப்பூட்டும் நிகழ்வுகள் நிறைந்த வரலாறானது ஒரு முடிவுக்கு வருகிறது. தன் இரண்டாம் குழந்தைப் பருவத்தில் பிறரைச் சார்ந்து வாழும் நிலையை அடைகிறான். பற்களை இழந்து, கண் பார்வையை இழந்து, நாவின் | சுவை இழந்து, பின் அனைத்தையும் இழக்கிறான். உலகத்தை விட்டு வெளியேறுகிறான்.

முடிவுரை:
சேக்ஸ்பியர் மனித வாழ்க்கையை சுருக்கி அழகாக அதை வர்ணித்து இருக்கிறார். வயோதிகத்தில் திரும்பும் குழந்தைத் தனம் என்பது அவர் மனித வாழ்க்கையை அவர் ஆழ்ந்து அறிந்து கொண்டதை உணர்த்துகிறது.

All the World’s a Stage Glossary

Textual:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage img-4

Additional:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 All the World’s a Stage img-5

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor

Students can Download English Lesson 4 The Midnight Visitor Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Get a Practical Study with the help of Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Grammar to make learning language much easy for you and score good grades in exams.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor

Warm up

Study the title of the story ‘The Midnight Visitor’. Discuss in groups what the story is all about.
Student activity:

Question (a)
Certain professionals can be identified by their appearance.
Answer:
What comes to your mind first when you think of a ‘pilot’ or a ‘traffic policeman?
Discuss in pairs and share your thoughts with the class:
A pilot controls and steers an airplane. He operates the directional flight controls. He wears milk white uniform and golden stripes on his shoulders. He wears a shiny black cap. A traffic policeman wears white stripes on his shoulders in a khaki uniform. In some states, a traffic policeman wears a white and white uniform also. He regulates traffic, fines people who violate traffic rules. He prevents accidents by monitoring over speeding vehicles and by discouraging drunken driving.

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Question (b)
Let us try to picturise people in a few interesting professions (based on common perception there can be exceptions).
Answer:
Form groups of four and draw a picture of one or two of the following:

  • scientist
  • soldier
  • journalist

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-1

In your attempt to sketch you may include the following:

  • typical dress
  • hair style
  • accessories

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English The Midnight Visitor Textual Questions

1. Answer in a sentence or two the following questions.

Question (a)
Mention two features of Ausable that were uncharacteristic of a detective.
Answer:
Ausable is different from other secret agents as he is very fast and sloppy. Moreover, he lives in a room where there is no environment of romantic and thrilling adventure.

Question (b)
What was Ausable waiting for?
Answer:
Ausable was waiting for an important report.

Question (c)
Who was the Midnight Visitor? What was the purpose of his visit?
Answer:
The midnight visitor was Max who had come to Ausable’s room demanding a secret report from him and threatened him with a pistol.

Question (d)
How had Max actually entered the room?
Answer:
Max had used a duplicate key to enter Ausable’s room.

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Question (e)
Did Max’s presence alarm Ausable?
Answer:
Yes, Max’s presence alarmed Ausable when he had seen him in his room with a pistol unexpectedly. Because he fabricated a story of the balcony in order to fool Max just because of his presence of mind.

Question (f)
How did Ausable describe the balcony and the manner in which one could get into his room, through it?
Answer:
It was not Ausable’s balcony. It belonged to the next apartment. It extends under his window now. One can get on to it two doors down as someone did last month. The hotel management, in spite of his protest, has not blocked the balcony till now.

Question (g)
Where did Max try to hide?
Answer:
Max tried to hide in the balcony where he put his leg over the window.

Question (h)
Who was Henry? Why had he visited Ausable’s room?
Answer:
Henry was the waiter who entered Ausable’s room with his drinks.

Question (i)
What happened to Max finally?
Answer:
Max took the whole story, narrated by Ausable as a gospel of truth. Therefore, he retraced his steps and reached the window sill, and jumped down the balcony which never existed.

Additional Question

Question (a)
How does Ausable say he got in?
Answer:
Ausable wants to confuse Max. So he says that this is the second time in a month that somebody has got into his room through that balcony next to the window.

Question (b)
Was Max deserving to get a chance to accomplish a risky task?
Answer:
I do not believe that Max deserved a chance to accomplish a risky task. He was not intelligent enough to understand that he was being tricked by the detective. Also, his appearance did not startle the detective.

Question (c)
What did so many people risk their lives for?
Answer:
Ausable was waiting for a report. It contained certain important information about new missiles. This report was so important that several men and women had risked their lives to get it.

Question (d)
What did Mr. Ausable tell Max when he heard the knock?
Answer:
Ausable told Max that it would be the police. He said that he had requested the police for extra protection as he was receiving important information that night.

Question (e)
What did Ausable tell Fowler when he said that Max would soon come back from the balcony?
Answer:
Ausable told Fowler that Max would never return as he knew that there was no balcony outside. He said that Max has fallen down to the ground and met his end.

2. Answer the following questions in about three to four sentences each.

Question (a)
Who was Fowler? Why did he meet Ausable?
Answer:
Fowler was a writer who is fascinated by spies and secrets. He met Ausable ¡n his room because Ausable said that he was expecting a sensitive document to arrive that night regarding missiles. So, as a writer, Fowler wanted to meet Ausable.

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Question (b)
Why was Fowler initially disillusioned with Ausable?
Answer:
Fowler had a romantic notion of a private detective. Ausable did not look like Mr. Bond. He was very fast and had an American accent. He lived in a small room. So, he was initially disappointed.

Question (c)
Fowler was thrilled when he entered Ausable’s room. Why?
Answer:
Fowler was thrilled when he entered Ausable’s room, because he met another secret agent in Ausable’s room with a pistol in his hand, demanding a report. This situation made Fowler to get frightened.

Question (d)
How, according to Ausable, had Max entered the room?
Answer:
Ausable did not disclose the real method Max must have adopted to enter his room. He invented a story on the spot that it was the second time in a month someone had entered his room through the neighbouring building’s balcony which extended just below his window. He made Max believe that there was another possible route of escape through the window.

Question (e)
How did the three men react to the knocking at the door?
Answer:
When the three men heard the noise at the door, they reacted in a different way than Fowler jumped at the sudden knocking at the door whereas Ausable just smiled. Max hit his lip nervously and asking Ausable, who was at the door.

Question (f)
Was Ausable really waiting for the police? Give reasons.
Answer:
No, Ausable was not waiting for the police. He had ordered his drink with waiter Henry. He was expecting him only. As the knock was heard, he decided to use the opportunity to scare away Max by casually informing that it must be the police. He added the police may fire if they see Max there.

Additional Questions

Question (a)
Do you think that Ausable was a good secret agent? How?
Answer:
Yes, I think that Ausable was a good secret agent. When he saw Max in his room with an automatic pistol, he didn’t get frightened at all. He diverted his attention. He made the story of the balcony next to the window. By his description, he made Max believe his story. All these traits show that he was a good secret agent.

Question (b)
Pride before a fall befits Max, who arrived at Ausable’s room to steal the important documents. Did he acquire it? What lesson can one learn from this?
Answer:
Max was an overconfident and proud spy. He thought to himself that wielding a gun would give a further edge over the apparently slow Ausable. However, his pride and confidence, made Max utterly unsuccessful. Ausable conveniently outwitted him without lifting a finger. Max, jumped to his own death. Thus, one learns that one should not be too proud, and must be vigilant before attempting to do anything.

Question (c)
How did Max enter the room? Why did he tell this to Ausable?
Answer:
Max entered the room through the door. He had a passkey. He told this to Ausable because Ausable told him that it was the second time in a month that somebody had got into his room through the balcony. He told that he had no idea about the balcony.

3. Answer in a paragraph of about 150 words the following questions.

Question (a)
How did Ausable outwit Max?
Answer:
Ausable was a clever secret agent. One day when he entered his room, he found Max in his room who aimed at him with a pistol in his hand. Ausable did not lose his courage. He was a quick wilted man. He fabricated a story about a balcony that extended under his room window. He said that he has informed the management of the hotel to block that window, but till then the management did not block the window.

Just then there was a knocking at the door and Ausable said that he had called in the police to have extra protection as they were having an important paper with them. Max took the whole story as a gospel of truth. He retraced his steps, reached the window-sill, and jumped down the balcony whîch never existed. Thus Ausable outwitted Max with the presence of mind.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (b)
Describe the significance of the balcony.
Answer:
On seeing Max, the spy, with a loaded automatic gun in his room, Ausable expressed surprise. Max disclosed his plan very clearly. He had come to receive the report on the new missile which was likely to be handed over to Mr. Ausable in a short while. Ausable, without being shocked sat heavily on an armchair. He grimly stated that he would raise hell with the hotel management because this was the second time that someone had sneaked into his room through the nuisance of the unblocked balcony. Max asks with disbelief, “balcony?” Max remarked that he did not enter through the balcony but with a pass key. Ausable explained that it was the balcony which extended from the living room of the next apartment just below his room. One could walk through two doors and enter his room.

He was not happy with the management as they had failed to block it. When there was a knock at the door, both Max and Fowler got perturbed. But Ausable smiled and said casually it must be the police whom he had informed to check on him for extra protection. Max was confused for a moment. Ausable said as the door was just closed and not locked, the police could enter even by force at any moment and fire at him. This gave Max no time to think. He jumped through the window believing he will end up in the non-existent balcony but fell like a stone from the 6th floor with a scream. The vividly portrayed balcony led to the suicidal jump of Max, the spy who had a gun but was not smart enough to tackle Ausable’s ploy.

Question (c)
Ausable planned to get rid of Max the very moment he noticed him. Explain with supporting evidence from the story.
Answer:
Ausable was a clever secret agent. One day when he entered his room, he found Max in his room, who aimed at him with a pistol in his hand. Ausable did not lose his courage but he planned to get rid of Max though he was a quick-witted man. At once, he started fabricating a story about a balcony that extended under his room window.

He said that he had informed the management to block that window as anyone might enter his room using that window. But till then they hadn’t. Just then, there was a knocking at the door and suddenly Ausable planned to narrate another story that he had called in the police to have extra protection for his sensitive document.

Max took the whole story as a gospel of truth. He retraced his steps, reached the window-sill, and jumped down the balcony which never actually existed. Thus, Ausable planned to get rid of Max, the very moment he noticed him.

Question (d)
Sketch the character of Ausable.
Answer:
Ausable does not look very handsome, worthy of being called a secret agent or a detective. He is the central character of the story “The Midnight Visitor”. He is not physically very strong. There is nothing elegant or mysterious about him. He is an American who is unable to cover up his American accent when he speaks French and German though he has lived in France for over 20 years. He is practical and shrewd. He is a well-balanced individual. Even at gunpoint he keeps his cool and instantly cooks up a story to trap the villain, spy Max. He outwits Max without moving from his armchair. He uses his presence of mind. He tells two lies which not only save him and Fowler but also give the momentum for Max to kill himself in an attempt to hide in the non-existent balcony.

Question (e)
Do you think physical appearance matters most for a secret agent? Answer giving reasons in the context of the story ‘The Midnight Visitor.’
Answer:
Physical appearance is important for heroes like James Bond who act in movies or plays. They need sophisticated cars, a royal lifestyle to flaunt about. But in reality, a detective or a secret agent is not much different from an ordinary citizen at least in appearance. He is an ordinary person who thinks and acts with extraordinary intelligence. When it comes to the question of survival, sharpness of wit and handsome looks would help a person, the disappointment of Fowler, the journalist is very obvious. The young and romantic writer envisioned mysterious figures in the night, the crack of pistols, etc.

The writer must have cherished the idea of beauties with dark eyes passing on secret notes. But he has witnessed nothing but dull music in a French hotel with a sloppy man who made a prosaic appointment only in a prosaic telephone call. Ausable raises the expectations of both the readers and Fowler when he mentions the important paper he waited which many men and women had risked their lives to possess. The drama that ensues in the room testifies the fact that there is no correlation whatsoever with the sharpness of wit and the physical appearance of a person. Only after Fowler witnesses how Ausable had outwitted Max to choose his own death without moving from his armchair, he realizes the truth.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (f)
The unexpected presence of a criminal wielding a gun triggers different reactions in the two men who entered the room. In this light, discuss the appropriacy of the title.
Answer:
Indeed, the unexpected presence of the criminal made different reactions to the two men who entered the room, when Ausable and Fowler entered the room, there was another secret agent named Max who had a pistol in his hand and demanding a sensitive document otherwise he could kill both of them.

Fowler was almost frightened by the threatening of the unexpected midnight visitor in Ausable’s room, whereas Ausable used his presence of mind and fabricated a story of a balcony and of the police. Max believed it as a gospel of truth and tried to hide in the window-sill and jumped down the balcony which never existed. Thus the title is almost very appropriate to the story “The Midnight Visitor”.

Additional Questions

Question (а)
What impression do you form about Ausable as a secret agent after reading the story ‘The Midnight Visitor’?
Answer:
Ausable is a secret agent. But his appearance is not appropriate to his profession. He does not look smart and intelligent. He is very fat. But he is a very active person. He proves it throughout the story. He never takes a decision in a hurry. He works with a cool mind. He is good at talking. He understands Fowler’s internal views about himself. He does not lose his temper when he finds Max in his room with a pistol. He sits into an armchair and cooks up a quick story about the balcony. It is his style of conversation that he easily makes Max believe about the balcony. Thus, we find that Ausable is fearless, clever, and fit for the job of a secret agent.

Question (b)
Why was Fowler disappointed after meeting Ausable? Did he change his idea at last?
Answer:
Fowler was a young writer. He wrote for a magazine. He had read in the books that secret agents are mysterious and smart. So he wanted to see all these things in Ausable, a secret agent. But Ausable was a fat man. It appeared that he was not fit for a secret agent’s job. So Fowler was disappointed after meeting Ausable.

But Ausable showed his presence of mind when he saw armed Max in his room. He misled Max and told him that there was a balcony below the window. Max came there to take an important paper relating to missiles. After this, once again Ausable showed his intelligence when Henry knocked at the door. He told Max that it might be the police to protect him. They might shoot him at the sight because he is armed. Without examining the truth of Ausable’s statement, Max jumped from the window to hide in the balcony. But it was the end of Max.
Now Fowler was very happy to see Ausable’s intelligence.

4. Look at the following expressions used in the story. Match them with their meanings.

let down to complain or scold
chuckled to himself try one’s luck/ take a risk
take cheer become enraged
raise the devil disappointed
black with anger laughed softly to himself
take chances to be encouraged

Answer:

let down disappointed
chuckled to himself laughed softly to himself
take cheer to be encouraged
raise the devil to complain or scold
black with anger become enraged
take chances try one’s luck/ take a risk

5. Based on your understanding of the story, complete the Graphic Organiser (GO) suitably.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-2

Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-3

6. Given below are pictures of fictitious detective characters in English & Tamil short stories. Match them with the authors who created them.

 

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-4

  1. Agatha Christie – Hercule Poirot
  2. Sujatha – Ganesh, Vasanth
  3. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle – Sherlock Holmes & Dr. Watson
  4. Devan – Sambu
  5. Tamizhvanan – Sankar Lai

The Midnight Visitor About The Author

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-5

Robert A. Arthur, Jr. was a mystery and speculative fiction writer known for “The Mysterious Traveller” radio series and his “Three Investigators” series of novels. He was born on November 10, 1909. Arthur was a graduate from the University of Michigan. Between 1930 and 1940, his stories were published in Amazing Stories, Argosy All-Story Weekly, Black Mask, etc. He wrote a number of mystery books for children. Arthur, along with his writing partner David Kogan, was twice honoured by the Mystery Writers of America with an Edgar award for best radio drama. Robert Arthur, Jr. died in Philadelphia in 1969.

The Midnight Visitor Summary in English

The detective Ausable:
Ausable was a detective. But he was very fat and he did not look like a detective. He had a room on the sixth floor in a French Hotel and it was the top floor. It was a cheap accommodation unworthy of a detective’s station in life.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Fowler meets Ausable:
Fowler was a writer. He wanted to write a book on detectives. So he came to meet Ausable. But after meeting Ausable, he was quite disappointed as he did not possess the qualities like a detective like James Bond. Ausable could speak French and German. But he had an American accent. Contrary to his expectations, Ausable told Fowler that there were no beautiful girls around him. Talking to each other, they reached the room in the hotel and opened the door.

Max with a pistol:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-6

After entering the room, Ausable told Fowler that he would see an important paper that could change the course of History. Several men and women were after it. As soon as Ausable switched on the light, they saw a man with an automatic pistol. Seeing him, Ausable said that he was shocked to see him there. He thought that he was in Berlin. At this time Fowler was much frightened.

Spinning a Romance:
To confuse Max, Ausable made a false story of balcony next to the window. He sat in an armchair and started saying that it was the second time in a month that somebody had got into his room through the balcony. It is an extension of the neighbour’s balcony reaching just below his window. The hotel management had failed to close it despite his complaint. Ausable showed anger and disappointment. Max believed him and he told that he had come to take the report about missiles.

The sound of knocking at the door:
Just then, they heard a knock at the door. Ausable immediately made a story and told that the police might have come to provide him security due to this important paper. He told Max that the police would enter the room, if he did not open the door. They might fire if they found Max armed.

Max drops from the balcony:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-7

Max believed Ausable and he went towards the window. He caught the door frame with his free hand and put his gun over Ausable and Fowler. Then he moved his other leg up and over the window sill. The doorknob turned. Max freed himself and dropped in the balcony. He cried loudly.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

A waiter enters:
After this, a waiter entered the room with a bottle and two glasses. It was ordered by Ausable. Fowler was very surprised at this. He asked Ausable about Max. Ausable replied that he (Max) would never return. Thus Ausable had proved himself a true detective.

The Midnight Visitor Summary in Tamil

துப்பறியும் நிபுணர் அவுசபில்:
அவுசபில் ஒரு துப்பறியும் நிபுணர். அவர் பிரஞ் ஹோட்டலின் கடைசி மாடியில் அதாவது ஆறாவது மாடியின் அறையில் தங்கி இருந்தார். அவர் பருமனானவராய் துப்பறியும் நிபுணருக்கேற்ற தோற்றம் அற்றவராகத் தெரிந்தார். அது துப்பறியும் நபர் தன் வாழ்நாளில் தங்கக் கூடிய அறையாக இல்லாமல் மிகவும் எளிமையானதாகக் காணப்பட்டது.

பவுலர். அவுசபிலை சந்திக்கிறார்:
பவுலர் ஒரு எழுத்தாளர். அவர் துப்பறிவதை குறித்து நூல் எழுத விரும்புகிறார். ஆதலால், அவுசபிலைக் காண வருகிறார். ஆனால் அவுசபிலை பார்த்த பின்னர் அவர் ஜேம்ஸ் பாண்ட்டை | போல் எந்த விதத்திலும் தோன்றவில்லையே என | ஏமாற்றமடைந்தார். அவுசபில் பிரஞ்சு மற்றும் ஜெர்மன் மொழிகளை பேசினார். ஆனால் அமெரிக்கர்கள் பேசும் வண்ணம் பேசினார். பவுலர் எதிர்பார்த்ததிற்கு மாறாக, அவுசபில் தன்னை சுற்றி அழகான பெண்கன் எவரும் இல்லை என்றார். இருவரும் பேசிக்கொண்டே தங்கும் விடுதியை அடைந்து அறையைத் திறந்தனர்.

கையில் துப்பாக்கியுடன் மாக்ஸ்:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-8

அறையை அடைந்த உடன் அவுசபில், | பவுலரிடம் சரித்திரத்தையே மாற்றக் கூடிய ஒரு | காகிதத்தை அவர் காணப் போவதாக கூறினார். எத்தனையோ, ஆண்களும், பெண்களும் அதன் பின்னே அலைந்தனர் என்றார். அறையின் உள்ளே நுழைந்து மின்விளக்குப் பொத்தானைத் தட்டியவுடன் ஒருவன் தானியங்கி கைத் துப்பாக்கியோடு நிற்பதை அவர்கள் கண்டனர். தான் அதிர்ந்து போய்விட்டதாக அவனிடம் அவுசபில் தெரிவித்தார். அவன் பெர்லினில்

கற்பனைக் கதை ஒன்றை புனைதல்:
மாக்ஸ்சை குழப்புவதற்காக ஜன்னலருகே பால்கனி இருப்பதாக ஒரு பொய் கதையை அவுசபில் கூறினார். சாய்வு நாற்காலியில் அமர்ந்த வண்ணம், இவ்வாறாக இரண்டு முறை அந்த பால்கனி வழியாக தன் அறை உள்ளே எவரோ நுழைந்துள்ளனர் என விவரித்தார்.
மேலும், விடுதி உரிமையாளரிடம் ஏற்கனவே இருமுறை புகார் செய்தும் பயனில்லை எனக் கோபமாகச் சொன்னார். அதை உண்மை என மாக்ஸ் நம்பினான். தான் ஆயுதங்களைப் பற்றிய குறிப்புத் | தாள்களை எடுத்துப் போக வந்ததாக உரைத்தான்.

கதவை தட்டும் சத்தம்:
அப்போது யாரோ கதவை தட்டும் சத்தம் கேட்டது. உடனே ஒரு புனைக்கதையாக, அவுசபில் தன்னிடம் ஆயுத குறிப்பு தாள்கள் உள்ளதால் போலீஸ் பாதுகாப்பு தர வேண்டி வந்திருக்கக் கூடும் என வினவினார். தான் கதவை திறக்காவிட்டால் போலீஸ் உள்ளே நுழைந்து விடுவார்கள் என மாக்ஸிடம் தெரிவித்தார். கையில் துப்பாக்கியோடு நின்றிருக்கும் மாக்சை சுட்டு விடக் கூடும் என கூறினார்.

பால்கனியிலிருந்து மாக்ஸ் குதிக்கிறான்:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-9

அவுசபில் கூறியதை நம்பிக் கொண்டு ஜன்னல் அருகே மாக்ஸ் சென்றான். துப்பாக்கி குறி அவுசபில் மற்றும் பவுலரை நோக்கியிருக்க ஜன்னல் சட்டத்தை எட்டிப் பிடித்தான் மற்ற காலை ஊன்றி ஜன்னல் விளிம்பை எட்டிப் பிடித்தான். கதவின் கைப்பிடி அகன்றது. மாக்ஸ் தன் இடது கைப் பிடியை தளர்த்தி பால்கனி மேல் குதித்தான். குதிக்கும் போது ஒரே ஒரு முறை சத்தமாக அலறினான்.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

விடுதி ஊழியன் உள்ளே நுழைகிறான்:
கதவு திறந்ததும் மதுபானம் மற்றும் இரண்டு டம்ளர்களுடன் ஹென்றி உள்ளே நுழைகிறான். அதை அவுசபில் வரவழைத்திருந்தார். இதைக் கண்டு பவுலர் மிகவும் வியந்து போனார். பால்கனியில் நிற்பவன் மீண்டும் வந்து விட்டால் என வினவினார். அவன் வரப்போவதில்லை என்றார். ஏனென்றால், அங்கு பால்கனியே இல்லை என்றார். அவுசபில் தான் ஒரு உண்மையான துப்பறியும் நிபுணர் என நிரூபித்து விட்டார்

The Midnight Visitor Glossary

Textual:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-10

Additional:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Supplementary Chapter 4 The Midnight Visitor img-11

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Students can Download Maths Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 1.
Add by using grid 0.51 + 0.25.
Solution:
Here 0.51 = \(\frac { 51 }{ 100 } \) and 0.25 = \(\frac { 25 }{ 100 } \)
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 1
First we shade the region 0.51 and then 0.25.
The sum is the total shaded area. 0.51 + 0.25 = 0.76

Question 2.
Add the following by using place value grid.
(i) 25.8 + 18.53
(ii) 17.4 + 23.435
Solution:
(i) 25.8 + 18.53.
Using place value grid.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 2
Therefore 25.8 + 18.53 = 44.33

(ii) 17.4 + 23.435
Lets use the place value grid.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 3
Therefore 17.4 + 23.435 = 40.835

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 3.
Find the value of 0.46 – 0.13 by grid model.
Solution:
Here 0.46 = \(\frac { 46 }{ 100 } \) and 0.13 = \(\frac { 13 }{ 100 } \)
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 4
Shading the region 0.46 and then crossing out 0.13 from the shaded area. The left out shaded region without cross marks is the difference. So 0.46 – 0.13 = 0.33

Question 4.
Subtract the following by using place value grid, (i) 6.567 from 9.231 (ii) 3.235 from 7
Solution:
(i) Let as use place value grid
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 5
Therefore 9.231 – 6.567 = 2.664

(ii) Let as use place value grid.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 6
Therefore 7 – 3.235 = 3.765

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 5.
Simplify: 23.5 – 27.89 + 35.4 – 17.
Solution:
23.5 – 27.89 + 35.4 – 17 = 14.01
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 7

Question 6.
Sulaiman bought 3.350 kg of Potato, 2.250 kg of Tomato and some onions. If the weight of the total items are 10.250 kg, then find the weight of onions?
Solution:
Weight of Potato = 3.350 kg
Weight of Tomato = 2.250 kg
Total weight of Potato and Tomato = (3.350 + 2.250 kg)
= 5.600 kg
Weight of potato, tomato and onions = 10.250
Weight of potato and tomato = 5.600
∴ Weight of onions = (10.250 – 5.600) Kg = 4.650 Kg
Weight of onions = 4.650 Kg

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 7.
What should be subtracted from 7.1 to get 0.713?
Solution:
To get the number to be subtracted
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 8
We have 7.1 – 0.713 = 6.387
∴ The number to be subtracted = 6.387

Question 8.
How much is 35.6 km less than 53.7 km?
Solution:
To get the answer we must subtract 53.7km – 35.6 km = 18.1 km
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 9
So 35.6 km is 18.1 km less than 53.7 km.

Question 9.
Akilan purchased a geometry box for ₹ 25.75, a pencil for ₹ 3.75 and a pen for ₹ 17.90. He gave ₹ 50 to the shopkeeper. What amount did he get back?
Solution:
Cost of geometry box = ₹ 25.75 (+)
Cost of Pencil box = ₹ 3.75
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 10

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 10.
Find the perimeter of an equilateral triangle with a side measuring 3.8 cm.
Solution:
Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = (Side + Side + Side) Sq. units.
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 11
Given side = 3.8
∴ Perimeter = 3.8 + 3.8 + 3.8
Perimeter of the triangle = 11.4 cm

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
1.0 + 0.83 = ?
(i) 0.17
(ii) 0.71
(iii) 1.83
(iv) 1.38
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 12
(iii) 1.83

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 2.
7.0 – 2.83 = ?
(i) 3.47
(ii) 4.17
(iii) 7.34
(iv) 4.73
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 13
(ii) 4.17

Question 3.
Subtract 1.35 from 3.51
(i) 6.21
(ii) 4.86
(iii) 8.64
(iv) 2.16
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 14
(iv) 2.16

Question 4.
Sum of two decimals is 4.78 and one decimal is 3.21 then the other one is
(i) 1.57
(ii) 1.75
(iii) 1.59
(iv) 1.58
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 15
(i) 1.57

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System Ex 1.2

Question 15.
The difference of two decimals is 86.58 and one of the decimal is 42.31 Find the other one
(i) 128.89
(ii) 128.69
(iii) 128.36
(iv) 128.39
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 1 Number System 1.1 16
(i) 128.89

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3

Students can Download Maths Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3 Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3

Question 1.
14 out of the 70 magazines at the bookstore are comedy magazines. What percentage of the magazines at the bookstore are comedy magazines?
Solution:
Total number of magazines in the bookstore = 100 m
Number of comedy magazines = 14
Percentage of comedy magzines = \(\frac { 14 }{ 70 } \) × 100% = 20%
20% of the magazines are comedy magazines.

Question 2.
A tank can hold 50 litres of water. At present, it is only 30% full. How many litres of water will fill the tank, so that it is 50% full?
Solution:
Capacity of the tank = 50 litres
Amount of water filled = 30% of 50 litres = \(\frac { 30 }{ 100 } \) × 50 = 15 litres
Amount of water to be filled = 50 – 15 = 35 litres

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3

Question 3.
Karun bought a pair of shoes at a sale of 25%. If the amount he paid was ₹ 1000, then find the marked price.
Solution:
Let the marked price of the raincoat be ₹ P
Amount he paid at a discount of 25% = ₹ 1000
(Marked Price) – (25% of P) = 1000
P – (\(\frac { 25 }{ 100 } \) × P) = 1000
P – \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \) × P = 1000
P (1 – \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \)) = 1000
\(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \) P = 1000
P = 1000 × \(\frac { 4 }{ 3 } \)
= \(\frac { 4000 }{ 3 } \)
P = 1333.33
∴ Marked price of the shoes = ₹ 1333

Question 4.
An agent of an insurance company gets a commission of 5% on the basic premium he collects. What will be the commission earned by him if he collects ₹ 4800?
Solution:
Premium collected = ₹ 4800
Commission earned = 5% of basic premium
Commission earned for ₹ 4800 = 5% of 4800
= \(\frac { 5 }{ 100 } \) × 4800
= ₹ 240
Commission earned = ₹ 240

Question 5.
A biology class examined some flowers in a local Grass land. Out of the 40 flowers they saw, 30 were perennials. What percentage of the flowers were perennials?
Solution:
Number of flowers examined = 40
Number of perennials = 30
Percentage = \(\frac { 30 }{ 40 } \) × 100%
= 75%
75% of the flowers were perennials.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3

Question 6.
Ismail ordered a collection of beads. He received 50 beads in all. Out of that 15 beads were brown. Find the percentage of brown beads?
Solution:
Number of beads received = 50
Number of brown beads = 5
Percentage of brown beads = \(\frac { 15 }{ 50 } \) × 100 %
= 10 %
10% of the beads was brown

Question 7.
Ramu scored 20 out of 25 marks in English, 30 out of 40 marks in Science and 68 out of 80 marks in mathematics. In which subject his percentage of marks is best?
Solution:
Ramu’s score in English = 20 out of 25
Percentage scored in English = \(\frac { 20 }{ 25 } \) × 100 % = 80 %
Ramu’s Score in Science = 30 out of 40
Percentage scored in Science = \(\frac { 30 }{ 40 } \) × 100 % = 75%
Ramu’s score in Mathematics = 68 out of 80
Percentage scored in Maths = \(\frac { 68 }{ 80 } \) × 100 % = 85 %
85% > 80% > 75%.
∴ In Mathematics his percentage of marks is the best.

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3

Question 8.
Peter requires 50% to pass. If he gets 280 marks and falls short by 20 marks, what would have been the maximum marks of the exam?
Solution:
Peters score = 280 marks
Marks needed for a pass = 20
∴ Total marks required to get a pass = 280 + 20 = 300
i.e. 50% of total marks = 300
\(\frac { 50 }{ 100 } \) × Total marks = 300
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) × Total Marks = 300
Total Marks = 300 × 2 = 600
Total marks of the exam = 600

Question 9.
Kayal scored 225 marks out of 500 in revision test 1 and 265 out of 500 marks in revision test 2. Find the percentage of increase in her score.
Solution:
Marks scored in revision I = 225
Marks scored in revision II = 265
Change in marks = 265 – 225 = 40
Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3 1
Percentage of increase in marks = 8%

Samacheer Kalvi 7th Maths Solutions Term 3 Chapter 2 Percentage and Simple Interest Ex 2.3

Question 10.
Roja earned ₹ 18,000 per month. She utilized her salary in the ratio 2 : 1 : 3 for education, savings and other expenses respectively. Express her usage of income in percentage.
Solution:
Amount of Salary = ₹ 18,000
(i) Total number of parts of salary = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6
Salary is divided into 3 portions as \(\frac { 2 }{ 6 } \),\(\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \) and \(\frac { 3 }{ 6 } \)
Portion of salary used for education = \(\frac { 2 }{ 6 } \)
Salary used for education = \(\frac { 2 }{ 6 } \) × 18,000 = ₹ 6,000
Percentage for Education = \(\frac { 6000 }{ 18000 } \) × 100 = 33.33%

(ii) Usage of salary for savings = \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \) × 18,000 = ₹ 3,000
Percentage for savings = \(\frac { 3000 }{ 18000 } \) × 100 = 16.67 %

(iii) Usage of salary for other expenses = \(\frac { 3 }{ 6 } \) × 18,000 = ₹ 9,000
Percentage for other expenses = \(\frac { 9000 }{ 18000 } \) × 100 = 50 %

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses

Students can Download English Poem 4 Ulysses Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Book Solutions Guide Pdf helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses

Warm Up

Introduction:
The poem ‘Ulysses’ is a dramatic monologue that contains 70 lines of blank verse. Ulysses, the king of Ithaca, gathers his men together to prepare for the journey and exhorts them not to waste their time left on earth. Ulysses has grown old, having experienced many adventures at the battle of Troy and in the seas. After returning to Ithaca, he desires to embark upon his next voyage. His inquisitive spirit is always looking forward to more and more of such adventures.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses img-1

The poem can be divided into three parts:

  1. the thirst for adventure, which does not allow Ulysses to remain in his kingdom as a mere ruler
  2. Ulysses handing over the responsibility to his son Telemachus, with total confidence in his abilities
  3. Ulysses’ clarion call to his sailors, urging them to venture into unknown lands.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th Ulysses English Textual Questions

1. Complete the summary of the poem, choosing words from the list given below. Lines 1 to 32

It little profits that an idle king,
By this still hearth, among these barren crags,
Match’d with an aged wife, I mete and dole
Unequal laws unto a savage race,

That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.
I cannot rest from travel: I will drink
Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy’d
Greatly, have suffer’d greatly, both with those

That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when
Thro’ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades
Vext the dim sea: I am become a name;
For always roaming with a hungry heart

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Much have I seen and known; cities of men
And manners, climates, councils, governments,
Myself not least, but honour’d of them all;
And drunk delight of battle with my peers,

Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.
I am a part of all that I have met;
Yet all experience is an arch wherethro’
Gleams that untravell’d world whose margin fades

For ever and forever when I move.
How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use!
As tho’ to breathe were life! Life piled on life

Were all too little, and of one to me
Little remains: but every hour is saved
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things; and vile it were

For some three suns to store and hoard myself,
And this gray spirit yearning in desire
To follow knowledge like a sinking star,
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.

This is my son, my own Telemachus,
To whom I leave the scepter and the isle,
Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfill
This labour, by slow prudence, to make mild

A rugged people, and thro’ soft degrees
Subdue them to the useful and the good.
Most blameless is he, centered in the sphere
Of common duties, decent not to fail

offices of tenderness, and pay
Meet adoration to my household gods,
When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.
There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses img-2

There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,
Souls that have toil’d, and wrought, and thought with
me That ever with a frolic welcome took
The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed
Free hearts, free foreheads – you and I are old;

Old age hath yet his honour and his toil;
Death closes all: but something ere the end,
Some work of noble note may yet be done,
Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.

The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks:
The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep
Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends,
‘T is not too late to seek a newer world.

Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
Of all the western stars, until I die.

It may be that the gulfs will wash us down:
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.
Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho’

We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are;
One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses img-3

fullest unquenchable unattainable
experience knowledge king
matters rust adventure
unwilling travel breathing

Ulysses is (1) ______ to discharge his duties as a (2) ______ , as he longs for (3) ______ He is filled with an (4) ______ thirst for (5) ______ and wishes to live life to the (6) ______ He has travelled far and wide gaining (7) ______ of various places, cultures, men and (8) ______ He recalls with delight his experience at the battle of Troy. Enriched by his (9) ______ he longs for more and his quest seems endless. Like metal which would (10) ______ if unused, life without adventure is meaningless. According to him living is not merely (11) ______ to stay alive. Though old but zestful, Ulysses looks at every hour as a bringer of new things and yearns to follow knowledge even if it is (12) ______
Answers:

  1. unwilling
  2. king
  3. adventure
  4. unquenchable
  5. travel
  6. fullest
  7. experience
  8. matters
  9. knowledge
  10. rust
  11. breathing
  12. unattainable

Lines 33 to 42

prudence kingdom quest tender

Ulysses desires to hand over his (1) _____ to his son Telemachus, who would fulfill his duties towards his subjects with care, and (2) _____ Telemachus possesses patience and has the will to civilise the citizens of Ithaca in a (3) _____ way. Ulysses is happy that his son would do his work blamelessly and he would pursue his (4) _____ for travel and knowledge.
Answer:

  1. kingdom
  2. prudence
  3. tender
  4. quest

Lines 44 to 70

world thunder meaningful
gather undaunted heaven

Ulysses beckons his sailors to (1) _____ at the port where the ship is ready to sail. His companions who have faced both (2) _____ and sunshine with a smile, are united by their undying spirit of adventure. Though death would end everything, Ulysses urges his companions to join him and sail beyond the sunset and seek a newer (3) _____, regardless of consequences. These brave hearts who had once moved (4) _____ and earth, may have grown old and weak. physically but their spirit is young and (5) _____ His call is an inspiration for all those who seek true knowledge and strive to lead (6) _____ lives.
Answers:

  1. gather
  2. thunder
  3. world
  4. heaven
  5. undaunted
  6. meaningful

2. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each.

Question (а)
‘Ulysses is not happy to perform his duties as a king.’ Why?
Answer:
Ulysses is not happy to perform his duties as a king because he wants to travel and he wants to take to the high seas and embark upon exciting new adventures.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (b)
What does he think of the people of his kingdom?
Answer:
The citizen of Ithaca hoard, sleep, and feed. They don’t understand the aspirations of the dreamer Ulysses.

Question (c)
What has Ulysses gained from his travel experiences?
Answer:
Ulysses has gained more experience in various places, cultures, men and matters, etc, from his travel.

Question (d)
Pick out the lines which convey that his quest for travel is unending.
Answer:
“How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnished, not to shine in use!
The lines quoted above convey his quest for travel is unending.

Question (e)
‘As tho’ to breathe were life!’ – From the given line what do you understand of Ulysses’ attitude to life?
Answer:
Ulysses views that life is about more than just ‘breathing’ and going through the motions. It’s about adventure Ulysses attitude towards life is to quest for travel which gives him more delight.

Question (J)
What does Ulysses yearn for?
Answer:
Ulysses yearns for following knowledge like a sinking star beyond the utmost bound of human thought.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (g)
Who does the speaker address in the second part?
Answer:
The speakers addressed in the second part Ulysses son Telemachus.

Question (h)
Why did Ulysses want to hand over the kingdom to his son?
Answer:
Ulysses finds Telemachus discerning and prudent. Besides, Ulysses is wearing the crown uneasily as the call for adventure and desire to sail beyond sunset is obsessing his mind. So, he wants to hand over the kingdom to Telemachus.

Question (i)
How would Telemachus transform the subjects?
Answer:
Telemachus possesses patience and care. He has the power to transform the subjects in a nice way though they are rugged people. He will civilize the citizens with tenderness.

Question (j)
‘He works his work, I mine’ – How is the work distinguished?
Answer:
Telemachus would do the work of ruling Ithaca with prudence and tenderness. Ulysses will pursue his dream of adventure and try to meet great Achilles in the other world.

Question (k)
In what ways were Ulysses and his mariners alike?
Answer:
Ulysses and Mariners were alike. Both have brave hearts and ready to face everything with daring performance. Both have a passion to travel to unknown lands.

Question (l)
What could be the possible outcomes of their travel?
Answer:
The sailors and Ulysses may be washed down by the gulfs or they could touch Greek paradise and meet their hero Achilles. They may die happily braving the elements of nature.

3. Identify the figures of speech employed in the following lines.

Question (a)
“Thro” scudding drifts the rainy Hyades
Vext the dim sea…”
Answer:
The figure of speech Personification is employed in the above lines.

Question (b)
“For always roaming with a hungry heart”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (c)
“And drunk delight of battle with my peers;”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (d)
“…..the deep
Moans round with many voices.”
Answer:
Personification

Question (e)
“To follow knowledge like a sinking star.”
Answer:
Simile

Question (f)
“ There lies the port the vessel puffs her sai”
Answer:
Personification

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Additional Questions

Question (a)
“I will drink life to the lees'”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (b)
“Vext the dim sea:”
Answer:
Personification

Question (c)
“Yet all experience is an arch wherethro”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (d)
“Gleams that untravell’d world whose margin fades”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (e)
“To rust unburnish’d, not to shine in use!”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (f)
“There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (g)
“Souls that have toil’d, and wrought, and thought with me”
Answer:
Synecdoche (part of the whole)

Question (h)
“The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (i)
“T is not too late to seek a newer world.”
Answer:
Synecdoche

Question (j)
“…in order smite The sounding furrows;”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (k)
“To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths”
Answer:
Metaphor

Question (l)
“It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,”
Answer:
Allusion (in Greek mythology the place is known as Greek paradise)

Question (m)
“And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.”
Answer:
Allusion (Greek mythology)

Appreciate The Poem

4. Read the sets of lines from the poem and answer the questions that follow.

(a) “…I mete and dole
Unequal laws unto a savage race,
That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know, not me.”

Question (i)
What does Ulysses do?
Answer:
Ulysses, like a grocery shop owner, measures and delivers rewards and punishments to a large number of uncivilized citizens.

Question (ii)
Did he enjoy what he was doing? Give reasons.
Answer:
No, he did not enjoy his work. He does not like the idea of ministering variable justice to people who like “drones” or animals just eat, sleep, and multiply their kind. He wants to leave such work to his son.

Question (b)
“Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough
Gleams that untravelled world, whose margin fades
Forever and forever when I move. ”

Question (i)
What is experience compared to?
Answer:
Experience is compared to an arch.

Question (ii)
How do the lines convey that the experience is endless?
Answer:
Through the arch of experience, one can see the untravelled world. But the experience in the untravelled has a margin whose border fades as one moves forward. Thus experience is endless.

Question (c)
“Little remains: but every hour is saved
From that eternal silence, something more,
A bringer of new things; and vile it was”

Question (i)
How is every hour important to Ulysses?
Answer:
One lives in this world for a limited time. Every hour can provide new knowledge. So, every hour is very important.

Question (ii)
What does the term ‘Little remains’ convey?
Answer:
Ulysses realizes that he has become old. He has not much time left. He doesn’t want to die resting in his kingdom. He states that his remaining lifetime is very limited.

Question (d)
“This is my son, mine own Telemachus,
To whom I leave the scepter and the isle
Well-loved of me,”

Question (i)
Who does Ulysses entrust his kingdom to, in his absence?
Answer:
Ulysses entrusts his kingdom to his beloved son Telemachus in his absence.

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (ii)
Bring out the significance of the ‘sceptre’.
Answer:
Sceptre is an ornamental staff carried by a King on ceremonial occasions as a symbol of sovereignty. It symbolizes the power of a king.

(e) ‘‘That ever with a frolic welcome took
The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed”

Question (i)
What do ‘thunder’ and ‘sunshine’ refer to?
Answer:
Thunder and sunshine refer to misfortunes and happy days. Ulysses and his comrades had undergone both kinds of experiences.

Question (ii)
What do we infer about the attitude of the sailors?
Answer:
The sailors shared the undying quest for exploration, adventure, and seeking newer knowledge in the untravelled world. They even welcomed dangers in fighting with Gods. They enjoyed the thrill of action and never worried about the outcome of battles or quests. They have an equal temper of heroic hearts.

(f) ‘‘Death closes all: but something ere the end,
Some work of noble note may yet be done,
Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.”

Question (i)
The above lines convey the undying spirit of Ulysses. Explain.
Answer:
Ulysses is aware of ageing and a substantial decrease in his physical strength. He knows that will close in on him sooner or later. But before that happens, he wants to sail beyond the sunset/horizon and if possible meet warriors like Achilles. He wants to achieve something worthy of those who challenged and fought with God. Thus these lines show the undying spirit of Ulysses.

Question (ii)
Pick out the words in alliteration in the above lines,
Answer:
ere, end, noble, note are the words that alliterate.

(g) “……… for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths Of all the western stars, until I die.”

Question (i)
What was Ulysses’ purpose in life?
Answer:
Ulysses proposes to sail beyond sunset and baths. His goal is not death but is in death. He seeks life in death. Ordinary mortals can’t reach ‘Happy isles’ or baths while they are alive. Ulysses wants to find direct evidence of spiritual reality after death. He wants to venture into the unknown.

Question (ii)
How long would his venture last?
Answer:
His venture would last until he confronts his death.

Question (h)
“One equal temper of heroic hearts,
Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will
To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. ”

SamacheerKalvi.Guru

Question (i)
Though made weak by time and fate, the hearts are heroic. Explain.
Answer:
Ulysses and his compatriots have visited many strange places in their previous voyages and enjoyed misfortunes and glorious triumphs with the same heroic temperament. They might have become old and may not have the same strength they had in their youth. But they still share the thirst for travel and pursuit of knowledge in the unexplored world. Their bravery and spiritual strength are intact.

Question (ii)
Pick out the words in alliteration in the above lines.
Answer:
Strive, seek, heroic, hearts are the words that alliterate.

5. Explain with reference to the context in the following lines.

Question (a)
“I cannot rest from travel: I will drink
Life to the lees:”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: Ulysses, after spending many years in the seas returns to Ithaca and starts ruling his country. But his heart is not in the administration of his kingdom. He wants to sail again. In this context, he says these words. He wishes to enjoy life to the fullest and so he can’t afford to idle away his remaining life as a king.

Question (b)
“I have become a name;
For always roaming with a hungry heart”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: Ulysses says these words while discussing the reputation he has earned among the common multitude due to his daring adventures. He has roamed the world like a hungry lion. This line has a biblical allusion as well “Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness” – Matthew V. 6.

Though Ulysses is aware of his fame, it doesn’t motivate him to stay or settle down in the kingdom of Ithaca. His inquisitive spirit is always looking for newer knowledge through ‘the arch’ to the untravelled world.

Question (c)
“How dull it is to pause, to make an end,
To rust unburnished, not to shine in use!”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while discussing the mental agony of Ulysses who is unable to settle down with his aging wife Penelope and son Telemachus. Ulysses finds doling out justice to savage people as ‘boring’. He does not want to settle down and die in Ithaca. He compares himself to a sword which may rust if left unused. He wants to lead an active and adventurous life till his death.

Question (d)
“To follow knowledge like a sinking star,
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while describing the quest Ulysses has for adventure and fulfillment. Similar to a sinking star, Ulysses wants to pursue in his failing old age to pursue knowledge like the goal of Goethe’s Faust, his quest is defined by the pursuit of new and unique knowledge “beyond the utmost bound of human thought”.

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Question (e)
“He works his work, I mine.’’’’
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words while justifying the decision of Ulysses to pass on his kingdom to Telemachus. Ulysses explains the polar difference between himself and his son Telemachus. His son will be a ‘fair’ and ‘decent’ ruler. Unlike Ulysses, Telemachus is rooted in regular political life. He enjoys leading the “savage” population and the responsibility of showing the subject better moral codes of conduct and upholding justice. Whereas Ulysses finds this “slow” and intolerable. So, he wishes his son to rule Ithaca and for himself, he wishes to set sail to the unknown.

Question (f)
“….you and I are old;
Old age hath yet his honour and his toil;”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: Poet, in this part of the monologue describes the address made by Ulysses to his compatriots who were with him during “thunders and sunshine”. He admits the fact that they are growing old. But he does not want to retire like ordinary mortals. He accepts gratefully the honour befitting old age as a result of varied cultural experiences. Yet, he does not want old people to bow out of the field of action. He sincerely believes there is more work to be done, lands to be explored and newer knowledge to be acquired in old age before death.

Question (g)
“The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep
Moans round with many voices.”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: The poet continues to discuss old age and the tantalizing call of the oceans to conquer. Ulysses hints at the probable end of the cycle of life in the words “The long clay wanes”. The symbol of darkness or night is mostly associated with death. The lure of the ocean to resume his voyages beyond the point of sunset is too tempting to resist. The dark unfathomable sea beckons him and his compatriots with mysterious voices.

Question (h)
“It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words through Ulysses as to the probable outcome of the daring voyage at the fag end of his life. Ulysses is uncertain about the probable outcome of his last voyage. But he infers that he might reach ‘Happy Isles’ and see the ‘great Achilles’ who was dipped in the river of life.

Question (i)
“We are not now that strength which in old days
Moved earth and heaven;”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: The poet says these words through Ulysses when he wants to justify the reasons for resuming the daring voyage. He admits the decline in the compatriots’ physical strength with which they were able to move heaven and earth in their youth. He asks his compatriots to ignore the infinity of age and draw on their inner spiritual strength to resume their voyage beyond sunset.

Question (j)
“To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.”
Answer:
Reference: These lines are from the poem ‘Ulysses” written by Alfred Tennyson.
Context and Explanation: Tennyson says these words through Ulysses who makes his motto loud and clear in these words. The final line of the poem is Ulysses’ enduring challenge to readers as well. The challenge if the aged ones could push ahead with vigour and strength of will no matter how fragile their bodies are. To yield to age or weakness is to be less than fully human. It might be honourable to live a peaceful settled life in old age. But one would naturally miss out on most exciting moments of life if one does not venture out, at least a little towards the unknown.

6. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 100 words each.

Question (a)
What makes Ulysses seek newer adventures?
Answer:
In the context of the poem, Ulysses has grown old. He has experienced all daring adventures. He has won the hearts of people during the battle at Troy. Back home, as per the prophecy of Tiresias, he rules Ithaca for a brief time. But he is fed up with the conventional duties of a king. He laments his own uselessness as a ruler of idle people who lead life like savages, just eating and sleeping. They don’t understand the over vaulting ambition of their adventurous king Ulysses who had moved earth and heavens in the past. He wishes to embark upon his next voyage. It might be his last. He is quite sensitive to the moans of the seas tantalizing him and his compatriots to set sail quickly. He wants “to drink life to the lees”. Ulysses doesn’t want to bask in the glory he has earned in the past.

His inquisitive spirit is restless. He has seen much’ and acquired knowledge of various cultures of the world. But he considers all such experiences like an “arch” leading him to the unexplored or “untravelled world”. He wants to sail towards the area ‘beyond sunset’. He must shine in use as a sword but not “rust unburnished”. Yet at home, in the kingdom of Ithaca, he feels bored and yearns to truly engage with what is left of life. He is impatient for “new” experiences lamenting every day and every hour to seek “something more”. His quest for adventure and fulfillment, like the goal of Goethe’s Faust, is defined by the pursuit of new knowledge “beyond the utmost bound of human thought”.

Question (b)
List the roles and responsibilities Ulysses assigns to his son Telemachus, while he is away.
Answer:
The entire poem is a monologue. Yet the second part of the poem is an address to the readers justifying his decision to transfer the rule to his son Telemachus. The cloak of a king seems to be unfit for the temperament of Ulysses. He finds ruling Ithaca a boring thing. He finds Telemachus rooted in the political life of Ithaca. His role is merely to lead a ‘savage race’ to accept standard norms of behaviour in society. He believes Telemachus fits well with the role of the ruler of “uninspired and imprudent citizens” and may discharge his duties with honour and grace. When he is away, he wants his son Telemachus to dispense variable justice to the subjects of Ithaca and guide them in the path of virtues and morals.

Question (c)
What is Ulysses’ clarion call to his sailors? How does he inspire them?
Answer:
In the third part of the poem, Ulysses makes a clarion call to his hearty compatriots (i.e.) mariners. They have been with him both during ‘thick and thin’ or thunders or sunshine. Similar to Ulysses they possess “free hearts and free foreheads” (i.e.) their hearts and brains are unburdened by domestic cares and responsibilities. They had frolicsome time fighting along with Ulysses against great warriors and Gods in the past. Ulysses does not want to live in the memory of glory. He believes they need not waste away their precious time in nostalgic memories just recounting their escapades to the younger generation. They can really do ‘ something of noble note’ before the end. He is conscious of the impending death in old age. But he tells it is not “too late to seek a newer world”.

The many “voices of the ocean” call out to the mariners to resume the voyage. Ulysses is not content with having earned a name for himself. He has seen many countries and acquired knowledge of various cultures. Those experiences are not to be taken as accomplishments. They are just an ‘arch leading them to an “untravelled world” and constantly sailing to the ever-expanding horizon. He does not want his compatriots to miss even an hour which could provide them with novel experiences in their voyage. He persuades his compatriots to gather at the port as the sails are already puffing up welcoming them all. Their life would be one of fulfillment only when they venture out into the unknown on the seas. He uses an emotional bait to his mariners. He highlights the probable outcome of their voyage. They might reach the “Happy Isles” (i.e.) great paradise and meet Achilles, their war hero. No matter how much strength they have, they still have some “strength of will” left to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

Listening Activity

Listen to the poem and fill in the blanks with appropriate words and phrases. If required listen to the poem again.

Wander-thirst

BEYOND the East the sunrise, beyond the West the sea, And East and West the wander-thirst that will not let me be; It works in me like madness, dear, to bid me say good-bye; For the seas call, and the stars call, and oh! the call of the sky!

I know not where the white road runs, nor what the blue hills are; But a man can have the sun for a friend, and for his guide a star; And there’s no end of voyaging when once the voice is heard, For the rivers call, and the roads call, and oh! the call of the bird!

Yonder the long horizon lies, and thereby night and day The old ships draw to home again, the young ships sail away; And come I may, but go I must, and, if men ask you why, You may put the blame on the stars and the sun and the white road and the sky.

Choose the best option and complete the sentences:

Question 1
works like madness in the poet.
(a) Wander – Thirst
(b) Bidding Farewell
(c) Eastern Sunrise
(d) Western Seas
Answer:
(a) Wander – Thirst

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Question 2.
A man could choose as his guide.
(a) the sun
(b) the hills
(c) a star
(d) a bird
Answer:
(c) a star

Question 3.
There is no end once the voice is heard.
(a) walking
(b) roaming
(c) talking
(d) voyaging
Answer:
(d) voyaging

Question 4.
The old ships return, while the young ships
(a) drift
(b) move
(c) sail
(d) wander
Answer:
(c) sail

Question 5.
The blame is on the sun, stars, the road and the
(a) hills
(b) trees
(c) seas
(d) sky
Answer:
(d) sky

Ulysses About The Poet

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses img-4

Alfred Tennyson was the poet laureate of England and Ireland during Queen Victoria‘s reign. Tennyson excelled in writing short lyrics such as “Break, Break, Break“, “ Tears Idle Tears“, “The Charge of the Light Brigade” and.‘Crossing the Bar’. Tennyson’s use of the musical qualities of words to emphasize his rhythms and meanings is sensitive.

Ulysses Summary in English

Introduction
‘Ulysses’ is a dramatic monologue in which Ulysses, the king of Ithaca expresses his undying thirst of adventure overseas. Tennyson has written this poem in memory of Arthur Henry Hallam who died young. Death is not the end for both Arthur and Ulysses.

Thirst for adventure
Ulysses addresses mariners in the third part. Ulysses does not see any worth in staying in the comfort of family life with his wife. As a king, he listens to the complaints of people and gives rewards and punishments for the citizens of his country. He discloses his inner nature, “cannot rest from travel!” He has become a living icon of travel overseas. He wants “to drink life to the lees”. He confesses that he has both enjoyed and suffered a lot during his travels. He has gained profound wisdom during his travels and battles. Enriched by his newly gained cultural knowledge, he longs to resume his voyages. He believes that to rest is rust. Every hour has the potential to bring new knowledge. So, it is meaningless to stay.

Passing on the inheritance
In the second part addresses the reader explaining why Ulysses doesn’t want to continue to rule. Ulysses wishes to hand over his kingdom to his son Telemachus. He believes he would rule the kingdom and render appropriate justice to his subjects. Telemachus, unlike Ulysses, is rooted in the soil. He is kind to the subjects and addresses their needs. Besides, Ulysses hopes that Penelope, his aging wife would be happy to spend her last years with her son and grandchildren. So, Ulysses can resume his voyage along with his old friends.

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Call to set sail
Ulysses called his old companions to the port where the ship awaits them all. His old companions have fought many battles alongside him and share the undying quest for adventure. Ulysses persuades his friends to join him on his voyage to the edge of the world and beyond to find a new world. He knows the limitations of his companions. They may have grown old and weak due to age. Their physical powers may not be the same as when they had once moved heaven and earth. But he is confident that their spirit is young and undaunted. His clarion call would inspire invariably all those who seek knowledge and strive to lead meaningful lives.

Conclusion
People who are endowed with an unquenchable thirst for ever-expanding knowledge and incurable love for long distances Ulysses continues to be a source of inspiration.

Ulysses Summary in Tamil

முடிவுரை:
தன் அறிவு வேட்கையை அதிகப்படுத்துவதில் | ஆர்வம் கொண்டவர்களுக்கும் மற்றும் மாறாத தொலைதூரப் பயணத்தில் காதல் கொண்டவர்களுக்கும் | யுலிசஸ் எப்போதும் தூண்டுதலாக இருக்கிறார்.

சாகசத்தின் மேல் ஆவல்
யுலிசஸ் மூன்றாம் பாகத்தில் கப்பலோட்டிகளிடத்தில் சொற்பொழிவாற்றுகிறார். தன் குடும்பத்தாருடன் சொகுசு வாழ்க்கை வாழ்வதில் எந்தப் பயனும் இல்லை என எண்ணுகிறார். ஒரு அரசனாக குடிமக்களின் கூற்றுகளைக் கேட்டு அதற்கு ஏற்ற பரிசையும் மற்றும் தண்டனையும் வழங்குகிறார். கடற் பயணம் செய்யாமல் இருக்க முடியாது என்ற தன்னுடைய உள்ளுணர்வை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார். கடல் கடந்த பயணங்களை மேற்கொள்ளும் உயிரோவியமாகத் திகழ்ந்தார். வாழ்க்கை முழுவதும் பயணிக்க விரும்புகிறார். அவர் பயணத்தில் மேற்கொண்ட இன்ப துன்பங்களை ஒப்புக் கொள்கிறார். அவர் பயணத்தின் போது ஏற்பட்ட அனுபவங்களாலும் மற்றும் எதிர்கொண்ட போர்களினாலும் ஆழ்ந்த ஞானத்தை அடைந்திருந்தார். புதிதாக பெறப்பெற்ற பண்புகளின் புலமையால், அவர் பயணங்களை மேற்கொள்வதில் ஆர்வத்தைக் காட்டினார். சோம்பலாக கிடந்தால் உடல் துருப்பிடித்து விடும் என எண்ணினார். ஒவ்வொரு கணமும் புதுப் பொலிவைக் கொண்டு வரும் ஆற்றல் மிக்கது. ஆதலால், ஓரிடத்தில் ஒண்டிக் கிடப்பதில் பயனில்லை என எண்ணினார்.

பரம்பரை சொத்துக்களை கைமாற்றம் செய்தல்:
இரண்டாம் பாக சொற்பொழிவில் அவருக்கு அரசாள்வதில் ஏன் விருப்பம் இல்லை என்பதைக் குறித்துக் கூறுகிறார். யுலிசஸ் தன் இராஜ்ஜியத்தை தன் புதல்வன் டெலிமேக்கஸ் (Tele Macus) இடம் கைமாற்றுகிறார். அவர் தன் புதல்வன் நல்ல முறையில் அரசாண்டு தன் குடிமக்களுக்கு தக்க நீதி வழங்குவான் என எண்ணினார். டெலிமாக்கஸ், யுலிசஸ் போல் அல்லாமல் ஒரே இடத்தில் ஊன்றி நிற்பவராய் இருந்தார். அவர்தம் குடிமக்களுக்கு அன்பார்ந்தவராகவும் அவர்கள் குறைகளைக் கேட்டறிபவராகவும் இருந்தார். அது தவிர யுலிசஸ் தன் வயது முதிர்ந்த மனைவி பெனைலோப்பிம், மகனுடனும் பேரப் பிள்ளைகளுடனும் மகிழ்ச்சியோடு இருப்பார் என நம்பினார். ஏனெனில், அது அவர் தன் தோழர்களுடன் கடல் பயணம் மேற்கொள்ளத் தக்கவாறு அமையும்.

கடல் பயணம் மேற்கொள்ளல்:
யுலிசஸ் தன் நண்பர்களைத் தமக்காக காத்துக் கொண்டிருக்கும் துறைமுகத்திற்கு வருமாறு அழைப்பு விடுகிறார். அவர் தோழர்களும் கடல் பயணத்தின் போது பல கடற்போர்களில் ஈடுபட்டு தனக்கு உள்ள கடல் பயணத்தின் மேல் உள்ள ஆவலைப் பகிர்ந்து கொண்டனர். உலகின் விளிம்பை அடைந்து அதற்கு அப்பாலும் செல்வதற்கு தன்னுடன் கடல் பயணம் மேற்கொள்ள நண்பர்களைத் தூண்டுகிறார். அவர் தம் நண்பர்களின் குறைகளை அறிந்திருந்தார். அவர்கள் வயது முதிர்ச்சியால் பலவீனமாகக் காணப்பட்டனர். அவர்கள், முன்னர் வானத்தையும், பூமியையும் அளந்தது போல் அவர்கள் உடல் வலிமை தற்போது இல்லை. ஆனால், அவர்கள் ஊக்கம் குன்றாமல், சளைக்கா வண்ணம் தொடரவேண்டும் என்பதில் உறுதியாக இருந்தார். அவரின் வீர முழக்கம் புதிய அனுபவத்தை நாடி மற்றும் அர்த்தமுள்ள வாழ்க்கையை வாழ முயற்சிக்கும் அனைவருக்கும் தூண்டுதலாக இருக்கும்.

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முன்னுரை:
யூலிஸ் என்பது வியத்தகு மோனோலாலஜி ஆகும். இதில் இதாகா மன்னனான யுலிசஸ் வெளிநாடுகளில் சாகசத் தன்மையற்ற தாகத்தை வெளிப்படுத்துகிறார். டென்னிசன் இளம் கவிஞரான ஆர்தர் ஹென்றி ஹாலமின் நினைவாக இந்தக் கவிதை எழுதினார். ஆர்தர் மற்றும் யுலிசஸ் இருவருக்கும் முடிவே இல்லை.

Ulysses Glossary

Textual:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses img-5

Additional:

Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 Ulysses img-6